Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS April Meeting 2021
Volume 66, Number 5
Saturday–Tuesday, April 17–20, 2021; Virtual; Time Zone: Central Daylight Time, USA
Session K10: Neutrino Astronomy: Methods and ResultsLive
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Sponsoring Units: DAP Chair: Tonia Venters, NASA/GSFC |
Sunday, April 18, 2021 1:30PM - 1:42PM Live |
K10.00001: nuSpaceSim: A Comprehensive Simulation Package for Modeling Extensive Air Shower Signals from Cosmic Neutrinos for Space-based Experiments John Krizmanic nuSpaceSim is a comprehensive end-to-end simulation package to model the optical and radio signals from extensive air showers (EASs) induced by cosmic neutrino interactions. The development has initially focused on modeling the upward-moving EASs sourced from tau neutrino interactions within the Earth starting at the PeV energy scale. nuSpaceSim is designed to model all aspects of the processes that lead to the neutrino-induced EAS signals, including the modeling of the neutrino interactions inside the Earth, propagating the leptons into the atmosphere, modeling the tau lepton decays, forming composite EASs, generating the air optical Cherenkov and radio signals, and their propagation through the atmosphere (including cloud maps). nuSpaceSim uses a vectorized Python implementation of a sampled library approach to efficiently simulate signals at a specific location where the detector response module records the events. The framework allows for the calculation of the sky coverage and the pointing requirements for ToO follow-up observations of transients, and the assessment of UHECR backgrounds. nuSpaceSim will provide an efficient and practical cosmic neutrino EAS signal generation modeling package to aid in the development of future sub-orbital and space-based experiments. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, April 18, 2021 1:42PM - 1:54PM Live |
K10.00002: NuPyProp - A Pythonic Monte Carlo Neutrino/$\tau$-lepton Simulation Package Sameer Patel The detection of upward-going extensive air showers sourced by neutrino interactions in the Earth is the goal of a range of terrestrial, balloon and proposed satellite instruments. Neutrino interactions and charged lepton propagation in the Earth is a key input to assessing an instrument's sensitivity to ultrahigh-energy neutrinos. The NuPyProp code models high- energy neutrino interactions in the Earth and calculates the outgoing lepton probability and energy distributions as a function of slant depth through the Earth. Part of the nuSpaceSim package, NuPyProp generates look-up tables for $\nu_\tau\to \tau$ and $\nu_\mu\to \mu$ propagation in the Earth. For incident $\nu_\tau$/$\nu_\mu$, the propagation through the Earth involves a series of neutrino interactions and $\tau$/$\mu$-lepton decays (regeneration). The code is designed to run with both stochastic and continuous electromagnetic energy losses for the lepton transit through the Earth. It has the flexibility to allow the user to input their own neutrino cross-section models and photonuclear energy loss models. We describe NuPyProp and use it to demonstrate the impact of inputs such as energy loss model and neutrino cross section on tau exit probabilities and the energy distributions of the air showers they produce. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, April 18, 2021 1:54PM - 2:06PM Live |
K10.00003: ThreeML Plugin for Multi-messenger Astronomy with IceCube John Evans, Kwok Lung Fan, Michael Larson Multi-messenger astronomy requires combining data from multiple instruments with different energy ranges and particle types, leading to difficulties which may be addressed by the Multi-Mission Maximum Likelihood (3ML) framework. We introduce a python package for an unbinned-likelihood analysis called "MLA" to be used with public IceCube data that was recently released. MLA is designed to act as a standalone tool and as a plugin for 3ML. Combining the 3ML framework with IceCube data can contribute to analyses in multi-messenger astronomy with neutrino data. Here, we show the usage and preliminary sensitivity comparisons using the MLA package and 3ML. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, April 18, 2021 2:06PM - 2:18PM Live |
K10.00004: Delta Rays: A Novel Calibration for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) for Low Energy Astrophysical Neutrinos Olexiy Dvornikov Future neutrino observatories, like the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), will be sensitive to supernovae and solar neutrinos of low energies. These neutrinos offer a unique look inside stars and stellar explosions. Inside the DUNE liquid argon time projection chamber, low-energy electron neutrinos will produce visible electrons. In this talk, we will present a preliminary study of delta-rays that have similar energies to the electrons scattered by low-energy astrophysical neutrinos. Unlike neutrinos, delta-rays are a well understood "standard candle." Furthermore, they provide ample statistics, a valuable feature in the otherwise quiet underground environment. We will outline how they can be used to calibrate DUNE's response to $< 30$ MeV electrons in situ. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, April 18, 2021 2:18PM - 2:30PM Live |
K10.00005: Realtime follow-up of astrophysical transients with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory Alex Pizzuto, Justin Vandenbroucke Many recent advancements in the field of multi-messenger astronomy have been enabled by improvements in real-time observations. Thanks to its near-100\% duty cycle, all-sky field of view, and sensitivity over many decades of energy, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory is well suited to rapidly follow up transients. Since 2016, IceCube has been operating a pipeline using low-latency data to search for neutrinos coincident with interesting objects identified in other messengers such as photons and gravitational waves in real time. Here, we describe the pipeline and summarize the results of the analyses performed. Thus far, the pipeline has helped inform various electromagnetic observing strategies and has constrained neutrino emission from a variety of potential hadronic cosmic accelerators. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, April 18, 2021 2:30PM - 2:42PM Live |
K10.00006: Seeking the Link Between Icecube High-energy Neutrinos and the Unresolved Gamma-ray Background Michela Negro The new era of the multimessenger Astrophysics has begun. The first step required to enable this science is to identify the multimessenger sources. Of particular interest is the relation between the high-energy neutrino events detected by IceCube Observatory and the $\gamma $-ray emission from extra-galactic objects. Despite the effort devoted to finding a clear $\gamma $-ray counterpart to astrophysical neutrinos, and the recent evidence of a neutrino event counterpart found in the blazar TXS 0506$+$056, the connection is still uncertain. The studies carried out so far focus on sources resolved by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT), neglecting the numerous sources too faint to be individually resolved. In our analysis we consider the Fermi LAT unresolved emission at high latitude, whose fluctuation field is known to be produced by blazars, to investigate the contribution of unresolved blazars to the astrophysical neutrino flux. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, April 18, 2021 2:42PM - 2:54PM Live |
K10.00007: Optical Cherenkov Signals from Upwards Going Extensive Air Showers Induced by Neutrinos Austin Cummings, Roberto Aloisio, John Krizmanic Detection of high energy neutrinos requires extremely large target volumes to combat the low astrophysical flux and interaction cross section. One method of observation involves using the Earth and its atmosphere as the detector. A neutrino which undergoes a charged-current interaction inside the Earth close enough to the surface can emerge into the atmosphere and initiate an upward going extensive air shower (EAS). The optical Cherenkov emission from these EASs is often very bright, and can have characteristic diameters on the order of tens of kilometers when projected to space altitudes. This talk will detail the Cherenkov detection method for the Earth-skimming neutrinos. Specifically, we outline the characteristics of the arriving photons (wavelength, timing, and spatial distributions) resulting from the neutrino induced EASs, as well as show the sensitivity of the upcoming EUSO-SPBII (Extreme Universe Space Observatory aboard a Super Pressure Balloon 2) and POEMMA (Probe Of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics) instruments to the cosmogenic neutrino flux, assuming different source evolution models and cosmic ray compositions. We will also show that the inclusion of showers induced by muon neutrinos and muons from tau-lepton decay improve the sensitivity at energies \textless 10PeV. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, April 18, 2021 2:54PM - 3:06PM Live |
K10.00008: Investigating Atmospheric Neutrino Fluxes Resulting from Various Cosmic-Ray Spectra Rachel Scrandis, Deven Bowman, Eun-Suk Seo Atmospheric neutrinos are produced when cosmic rays interact with Earth’s atmosphere. The shape of the atmospheric neutrino spectrum is dependent on cosmic-ray spectra, especially at around knee energies. These cosmic-ray energies correspond to the energy regime in which astrophysical neutrinos begin to dominate the neutrino flux, so accurate modeling of the cosmic-ray spectrum around the knee can be used to help separate background from signal. Currently, direct measurements of cosmic rays reach their upper energy limit just below the all particle knee, requiring extrapolation in order to probe the transitional neutrino source energy regime. In this work, the cosmic ray knee is modeled as a transition between acceleration sources, each with a rigidity dependent acceleration limit. Cosmic ray particles reach the limit at Z * E$_{max}$ where Z is the particle charge and E$_{max}$ is the proton’s limit. Utilizing the Matrix Cascade Equations code, the cosmic-ray elemental spectra were used to calculate resulting atmospheric neutrino fluxes. The effects of individual spectra on the neutrino fluxes are investigated, and various knee models are explored. The neutrino results are also compared to experimental data. [Preview Abstract] |
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