Session Y12: Unconventional Ideas in Theory

On Demand

Traditional interpretations of quantum theory in terms of wave function collapse are particularly unappealing when considering the universe as a whole, where there is no clean separation between classical observer and quantum system and where the description is inherently relativistic. The consistent histories approach provides an attractive ``no collapse'' interpretation of quantum physics, but it's applicability to relativistic quantum mechanics and quantum field theory has not been clear. However, in a relativistic spacetime formulation, the quantum history of the entire universe can be considered to be essentially an eigenstate of the measurements made within it. Generalizing Zurek's concepts of einselection and envariance, one can justify the Born probability for selecting a specific such eigenstate, which then further implies that the statistical distribution of repeated experimental measurements within the universe must also tend towards the Born rule. This presentation shows how such a relativistic quantum histories interpretation follows from the basic assumptions of a Hilbert space representation of quantum systems in the universe, removing the dependency on a specific spacetime path formalism that was used in previous work on this topic.   

On Demand

Einstein believed "spooky action at a distance" meant quantum mechanics (QM) was incomplete, that hidden variables were needed to resolve faster-than-light influence. But the Bell Inequality supported spooky action and denied Einstein's local realism. Nevertheless, difficulties in advancing QM---e.g., deeper integration of QM with special and general relativity---hold out the possibility that Einstein's skepticism was justified after all. In this talk we consider---given a correct derivation of cosmic acceleration (2018: $a=rH^2$; $Lambda=3H^2/c^2$) from postulated singular light-speed inward in the Hubble expansion---how the same instantaneous effect along a temporally-entangled Photon's lookback path also resolves Einstein's faster-than-light criticism of QM. Here instantaneous temporal effect of either of two entangled photons back to the source is understood to instantly cause the complementary state of the other photon despite an unlimited separation distance in any given epoch. Action-at-a-distance is given explanation by these considerations along with deeper insight into the nature of time, both results in accord with the empirical facts while leaving intact the probability-based successes of quantum mechanics.   

On Demand

When the 2-by-2 Pauli's spin matrices are augmented to a set of 4-by-4 counterparts, a Dirac-like equation may be formed out of a corresponding set of 8-by-8 gamma matrices. The Dirac-like equation may yield solutions in the form of a pair of 4-vectors, in addition to the conventional bi-spinor solutions. We show that the 4-vector solutions not only accurately manifest all the Maxwell's and Proca's electromagnetic field equations, but also provide a means to resolve the infinite self-energy issues associated with a charged particle. For example, with an inherent Green function and some proper parameterization of the charge density of a source, the equation yields three types of potential functions, all guaranteed to have limited electromagnetic self-energy and covering long/short ranges, strong/weak electromagnetic forces. One of the potential functions is a modified Coulomb potential. Implications of the modified Coulomb potential to Lamb shift and the classical issue of 4/3 electromagnetic energy-to-mass ratio will be presented.   

On the Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen (EPR) Experiment

I discuss Bohm's version of the Einstein, Podolsky, Rosen (EPR) experiment. Bell analyzed the Bohm-EPR statistics in which two spin one half particles originate from a zero spin state. He asserted that the quantum statistics required ``non-local hidden variables.'' Quantum Field Theory (QFT) portrays electrons (and positrons) as having a bare core, surrounding which is a ``dressing,'' consisting of one or more particles pulled from the vacuum when electrons are freed from their bound state. Until a particle undergoes an interaction, it retains its properties, including its dressing acquired during its parturition. The most easily acquired dressing for an electron would be an EM virtual photon. This would serve to inhibit charged particle Bremsstrahlung. Using the QFT paradigm, I developed a Monte-Carlo computer algorithm to examine the statistics of randomly oriented dressings, assuming the dressing had a vector quality, such as the E-M Poynting vector. The numerical results compare well with experiments. This begs the question as to the role that particle dressings play in QM/QFT probabilistic behaviors. The author dedicates this paper to Abner Shimony, who delighted in this subject.   

On Demand

Since the discovery of the positive electron (positron) in 1932, physics has ignored the more plausible possibility that charge is not a fixed property of the electron. Instead of looking for the conditions under which this property might be altered, it has become dogma that the same particle with different charge states are distinct entities originally based on the work of Dirac back in the late 1920’s. It is about time to consider the alternate more logical interpretation – that under certain conditions, an electron can be transformed into a positron. Over the last 40 years, new phenomena have been discovered that could more easily be explained if the electron was changing its charge state. Recent experimental evidence of heat transport along a quantum Hall edge seems to support the formation of a positively charged entity (positron) that can conduct heat in the opposite direction to negative electron flow (rather than the construct of “neutral modes).[1] Being able to manipulate the charge state of an electron would lead to the ultimate green energy source (electron-positron annihilation). Cheap limitless energy would be a game changer for many of the problems we face. [1] Venkatachalam, V., Nat. Phys.,8,676 (2012)   

On Demand

We live in the 3-dimensional x1x2x3 space. The 4$^{\mathrm{th}}$ dimension is assigned as the absolute time (ct) axis and energy axis (cP$_{\mathrm{t}} \quad =$ E). This 4$^{\mathrm{th}}$ dimension can be indirectly felt through the observable time (ct$_{\mathrm{l}})$ and observable energy (cP$_{\mathrm{tl}} \quad =$ E). The space-time distance is d(x1x2x3x4) $=$ ct$_{\mathrm{l}}$. The Lorentz transformations are proved and modified by using the present space-time geometry. This modified Lorentz transformations are approximated to the Lorentz transformations as t $\to $ t$_{\mathrm{l}}$ when v/c \textless \textless 1 and to the Galilean transformations as v/c is close to zero. The twin paradox inflation and dark energy are explained in terms of the 4-dimension coordinate system. The geometrical space-time shape has the (x1,x2,x3,ct) coordinate system with the metric signature of ($+ \quad + \quad + \quad +)$ but not the (x1,x2,x3,ct$_{\mathrm{l}})$ coordinate system with the metric signature of ($+$ - - -). It is shown that our matter universe and its partner antimatter universe can be created from the big bang of the matter and its partner antimatter. Therefore, the antimatters missing within our x1x2x3 universe full of the matters exist as the partner antimatters within the partner x1x2x3 universe. This partner x1x2x3 universe with the negative time momentum is full of the partner antimatters. See a following reference for more details. \underline {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336069794}   

On Demand

History shows, each century, big disruptions of the concepts of Reality. Insulated from competition by its Standard Model, a stifling peer review system and, stalemated within quantum incompatible relativistic foundations,Theoretical Physics,might need a change.In 1994, my Hypothesis of a Complex Nature of Matter,was presented at the French Academy of Sciences. This led me to build a quantum non relativistic, 4-waves Mechanics adding, thanks to Quaternion Algebra, a spin-wave and a helicity-wave, (especially at high energy), to de Broglie's translational and inertial waves. My Quantum 4-Waves Theory, unifies elementary forces and laws by updating and rehabilitating the genial Rutherford's approach, rejects the reality of quarks, structures electrons, protons, neutrons and remodels the nucleus. In cosmology, my theory disclaims gravitation as space time curvature, the red shift as a Doppler effect, the concepts of black holes, dark matter, dark energy, the Big Bang and the expanding Universe.   

On Demand

The GEM unification theory results in a formulas for “G”, the Newton Gravitation constant , and the proton mass, that are highly accurate and easily derived from the requirement that the deployment of the KK hidden dimension separates both EM and gravity and electrons and protons from each other with the 5th dimension deployment from the Planck scale. [1] This is described by the formula $ln ( r_o/r_p) = (m_p/m_e)^{1/2} =42.8503…=\sigma $ where $ m_p$ and $m_e$ are the proton and electron rest masses $r_o$ is the hidden dimension deployed size $ r_o= e^2/((m_p*m_e)^{1/2}c^2)$ , where e is the electron charge in esu units, and $r_p$ is the Planck length . This formula is easily inverted to give the highly accurate formula :$ G= (\alpha e^2/(m_p*m_e)) * exp ( -2((m_p/m_e)^{1/2}) = 6.668 x10^{-8} dyne-cm^2-g^{-2} $ [1], where $\alpha$ is the fine structure constant. The theory predicts a particle at $m_o$=22MeV and also at $m_o /( 1+\alpha \sigma ) \cong $ 16.7MeV , the same mass as the X17 particle. [1] Brandenburg J.E.,(2016) “GEM Unification Theory” , Jou. Multidisciplinary Eng. Sci Studies, Vol. 2, 7, July.   

Elementary Particles from a Quantized Mackouse-Klein-Gordon (MKG) Gravitational Equation

A Physical Model is presented for the Proton and Neutron. The Electron Antineutrino mass is calculated. E=Energy MeV, v=velocity/c, c=speed of light, mo sum of rest masses, md heavier boson inside rest mass down quark, mu smaller outside rest mass up quark, n=0,1,2 etc., spin=(2n+1)/2, r= radius meters, rotational velocity Hertz/second, 1. $E^(2)$= (2n+1)$E^(2)$$v^(2)$+(mo)(mo) (MKG) Equation: 2. solution 1. E=(mo)/square root(1-(2n+1)$v^(2)$): Lepton equation: 3. solution 2. Mack version E=mu/square root(1-(2n+1)$v^(2)$) + md/square root(1-(2n+1)$v^(2)$): Proton 938.272; mu 107.590, E mu 707.878; md 191.692, E md 230.39: mu neutron - proton energy difference due to electron reduced rest mass .1962: md neutron - proton energy difference due to electron antineutrino rest mass .003659: The antineutrino rest mass can be used in dark matter calculations to explain gravitation as the momentum effects of a 4th state of matter.: Proton vu .988381, ru 5.9427E-16, vd .554746, rd 3.33541E-16, rotational velocity 4.9862E23: Magnetic moments, electromagnetic mass differences etc. can be performed for elementary particles.