Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS April Meeting 2020
Volume 65, Number 2
Saturday–Tuesday, April 18–21, 2020; Washington D.C.
Session R12: Axions IIILive
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Chair: Lindley Winslow, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Room: Maryland B |
Monday, April 20, 2020 1:30PM - 1:42PM Live |
R12.00001: Accelerating the search for axions with entangled cavity states Kelly Wurtz, Daniel Palken, Konrad Lehnert Haloscopes are tunable microwave-cavity devices used to search for axionic dark matter by resonantly converting it to fluctuations in the electromagnetic field. While haloscopes have already successfully excluded several ranges of possible axion masses, a comprehensive search is hindered by noise at or near the standard quantum limit. Here, we present design, simulations, and initial tests of a novel haloscope concept utilizing entangled states between two microwave cavities, capable of increasing the rate at which haloscopes can search for the axion by 20x. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, April 20, 2020 1:42PM - 1:54PM Live |
R12.00002: The Application of Delayed Coincidence Methods to Search for Beyond the Standard Model Physics Bade Sayki Neutrinoless double beta decay searches play a major role in determining neutrino properties. The MAJORANA Collaboration is operating an ultra-low background, modular high purity Ge detector array to search for this decay in 76Ge. Located at the 4850-ft level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility, the DEMONSTRATOR detector assembly is showing that the necessary background rates for a Ge-based ton-scale design are in range for future ton-scale experiments. The low background and high energy resolution of MAJORANA allows for search for rare events, making it an excellent detector for beyond standard model physics. This talk will focus on the delayed coincidence analysis method. Mainly, this is a robust way of focusing on possible signatures due to axion-nuclear interactions. This method and reasoning can be used for search for bosonic dark matter, new sub-MeV bosons, axions, etc. Potential signatures, e.g. from an axion nuclear interaction, will be discussed, and current status of the analysis will be presented. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, April 20, 2020 1:54PM - 2:06PM Live |
R12.00003: Ultra light axions - new observable signatures and theoretical approaches Daniel Grin, Tristan Smith, David Marsh, Renee Hlozek, Taylor Cookmeyer, Gerrit Farren Ultralight axions (ULAs) are a well-motivated dark matter candidate, with well-known experimental signatures on CMB temperature and polarization anisotropies. In this presentation, we explore a number of signatures of ULAs on CMB secondary anistropies (weak lensing of the CMB and the kinetic-Sunyaev Zel'dovich effects), establishing the utility of future CMB experimental, galaxy clustering, and galaxy cluster detection efforts to systematically probe ULA parameter space. We also explore the limits of existing computational methods (based on fluid approximations), and the applicability/utility of novel approaches, like Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with the generalized dark matter (GDM) formalism. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, April 20, 2020 2:06PM - 2:18PM Live |
R12.00004: Searching for Axion Dark Matter With the South Pole Telescope Kyle Ferguson Axions and axion-like particles with masses ranging from $10^{-22}$ to $10^{-2}$ eV are compelling dark matter candidates. As shown by Fedderke et al., coupling between axions and photons induces a characteristic birefringence that oscillates in time, mixing the Q and U Stokes parameters of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) in-phase across the entire sky. A search for this novel signature is expected to yield results that are competitive with existing constraints in the mass range of $10^{-22}$ to $10^{-18}$ eV. We search for this oscillation using data from SPT-3G, a CMB camera on the 10-m South Pole Telescope that surveys the sky at 90, 150, and 220 GHz. SPT-3G is an ideal instrument with which to carry out this search, as its arcminute resolution allows it to see most of the power in the E-mode spectrum. Additionally, SPT-3G’s strategy of observing the same patch of sky multiple times a day for many consecutive years enables detection of relative changes on timescales as short as a day or as long as a year. In this talk I will outline our search strategy as well as our projected sensitivity to the signal. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, April 20, 2020 2:18PM - 2:30PM Live |
R12.00005: Formation, Mass Distribution, Energy Deposition, and Radio-frequency Detection of Magnetized Quark-nugget Candidate for Dark Matter J Pace VanDevender, Ian D. Shoemaker, T. Sloan, Aaron P. VanDevender Magnetized quark nuggets (MQNs) are theoretical objects composed of approximately equal numbers of up, down, and strange quarks. Tatsumi calculates they form a ferromagnetic fluid bound by strong nuclear forces and have a surface magnetic field B$_{o}$ between 10$^{11}$ and 10$^{13}$ T in magnetars. We apply that result to a quark-nugget dark-matter candidate consistent with the Standard Model. We report the results of analytic calculations and Direct Monte Carlo Simulations that show: 1) aggregation by self-magnetic forces outruns decay by weak interaction and produces a broad mass distribution with maximum baryon number A $>>$ 10$^{27}$ in ~ 1 ms, after which they meet the requirements for dark matter, 2) MQNs interact with dense matter through a magnetopause and deposit kJ/m to many MJ/m that enables some modes of detection, and 3) they spin-up and emit electromagnetic radiation at MHz frequencies after passage through matter, which enables additional modes for detection. The results depend strongly on the value of B$_{o}$; which we treat as a parameter to guide and interpret observations. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, April 20, 2020 2:30PM - 2:42PM Live |
R12.00006: Detection of Magnetized Quark Nuggets or Axion Quark Nuggets with Non-meteorite Craters in Ireland, Acoustic Monitoring of Great Salt Lake, and Radio-frequency Monitoring of Planetary Flybys. J VanDevender, Robert G. Schmitt, Criss Swaim, Peter Wilson, Deborah Dixon, Niall McGinley, Haydn Jones, Robert Baskin, Tracianne B. Neilsen, Gabriel Fronk, Aaron P. VanDevender, Rinat Zakirov, Jacquelyn McRae, Mark Boslough, Benjamin A. Ulmen, C. Jerald Buchenauer, Chunpei Cai Magnetized quark nuggets (MQNs) are theoretical objects composed of approximately equal numbers of up, down, and strange quarks and are candidate for dark matter consistent with the Standard Model. Tatsumi calculates they form a ferromagnetic fluid bound by strong nuclear forces and have a surface magnetic field B$_{o}$ between 10$^{11}$ and 10$^{12}$ T. We report 1) null results of MQNs with mass $>$ 0.0001 kg in a 3 x 10$^{7}$ m$^2$ area of the Great Salt Lake in 0.25 y, excluding B$_{o} <$ 2 x 10$^{11}$ T, 2) positive results consistent with the passage of a MQN or Axion Quark Nugget (AQN) in a three-layer witness plate of an Irish peat bog, excluding B$_{o} <$ 4 x 10$^{11}$ T, and 3) too few events like Tunguska (1908) or Fukushima Earthquake (2011), excluding B$_{o} >$ 2 x 10$^{12}$ T. Radio frequency signals observed with the FORTE satellite in 1997 are compared to predicted emissions from MQNs after fly-by through earth’s atmosphere. MQNs might also be detected by magnetic fields of asteroids, collecting them for 4.6 Gy. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, April 20, 2020 2:42PM - 2:54PM Live |
R12.00007: Axion-photon conversion in the circumgalactic medium of a magnetized galaxy Petr Jakubcik, Adrianne Slyz, Julien Devriendt, Sergio Martin-Alvarez In view of the observation of Type Ia supernova dimming, we focus on the conversion of photons to a cold dark matter candidate, the axion. This process was studied in the context of a high-resolution cosmological magnetohydrodynamical galaxy formation simulation. The strength of dimming was compared for the supernova's host galaxy, passage around another galaxy, and the intergalactic medium. Particular attention was paid to temporary magnification by local magnetic fields in the circumgalactic medium. Outflows of material during galaxy mergers are highly magnetized and ionized, both of which efficiently catalyze the axion-photon conversion. The obtained strength and prevalence of this effect hint at the viability of dimming in circumgalactic media as a detection mechanism for the axion. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, April 20, 2020 2:54PM - 3:06PM |
R12.00008: Direct Detection Signatures of a Solar Dark Matter Halo Timothy Wiser, Noah Anderson, Angelina Partenheimer While conventional direct detection experiments target the known dark matter population in the Galactic halo, a population bound to the Solar System is not excluded and would have distinct observational signatures. A Solar halo could be populated by adiabatic contraction of a small initial abundance in the protosolar nebula. We investigate the longevity of such a population with respect to gravitational perturbations from Jupiter and Earth and find that, unlike standard WIMPs, ultralight candidates such as axions or dark photons could survive for the age of the Solar System in Earth-crossing orbits. The low velocity dispersion in Solar orbit suggests that resonant detection experiments (such as ADMX) could find distinct, and potentially enhanced, signals of such a population. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, April 20, 2020 3:06PM - 3:18PM |
R12.00009: Axion Dark Matter in Multiple Detectors in the Quasistatic Regime Rachel Nguyen, Joshua W. Foster, Yonatan Kahn, Nicholas L. Rodd, Benjamin R. Safdi Axions are a well-motivated class of dark matter models that can couple weakly to the standard model. If an axion couples to an electomagnetic field, it produces an effective current when the axion comes in contact with a constant magnetic field. Axion detectors operating in the quasistatic regime, like ABRACADABRA or DM-Radio, can exploit the macroscopic coherence length of the axion field to perform directional axion detection: two spatially-separated detectors can use interference effects to infer the shape of the dark matter velocity distribution. In this talk, we present simulated data for an axion detection in two detectors at various spatial separations, and demonstrate how we can use this data to extract parameters of some sample three-dimensional velocity distributions. [Preview Abstract] |
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