Session L1: Poster Session II (14:00 - 17:00)

Study of the trigger efficiency for SeaQuest Drell-Yan Dimuons

The SeaQuest (E906) experiment, using the 120 GeV proton beam from the Main Injector at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), is studying the quark and antiquark structure of the nucleon using the Drell-Yan process. SeaQuest uses a two magnet focusing spectrometer with four detector stations that include fast plastic scintillator hodoscope planes. The hodoscope arrays along with Field Programmable Gate Arrays(FPGAs) are used to make the SeaQuest trigger system. It is designed to measure events with dimuon pairs from the Drell-Yan process. The signals from each hodoscope, which have adequate timing resolution to determine which 18.9 ns beam pulse the event occurred, are sent to the FPGA trigger modules. In order to get a correct hit pattern, each channel is aligned to the beam RF clock. The trigger is formed when the hits fulfill a dimuon pattern. A program has been developed to analyze and calculate trigger efficiency by using data from hodoscopes. It is important to study trigger efficiency to be used in physics results, such as the cross section of the Drell-Yan process. The method, programming, measurements, and results of this study will be presented.   

Accuracy of Reaction Cross Section for Exotic Nuclei in Glauber Model Based on MCMC Diagnostics

Parameters of a nuclear density distribution for an exotic nuclei with halo or skin structures can be determined from the experimentally measured reaction cross-section. In the presented work, to extract parameters such as nuclear size information for a halo and core, we compare experimental data on reaction cross-sections with values obtained using expressions of the Glauber Model. These calculations are performed using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm. We discuss the accuracy of the Monte Carlo approach and its dependence on k*, the power law turnover point in the discreet power spectrum of the random number sequence and on the lag-1 autocorrelation time of the random number sequence.   

Sensitivity of p-nuclei abundance calculations to statistical model parameters

Many reactions relevant to astrophysics involve nuclei far from stability, and their cross sections must therefore be calculated numerically for input into large-scale stellar nucleosynthesis calculations. Recent work, especially regarding p-process nucleosynthesis, has shown that the observed astrophysical abundances of certain nuclides differ by almost a factor of 10 from those predicted by network calculations using accepted reaction rates. Additionally, significant differences between calculated abundances when using different versions of these rates have been obtained. We therefore present the abundances of p-nuclei calculated using the open-source NucNet Tools code for a 25 solar mass type II supernova model, incorporating reaction cross sections calculated using the statistical-model code TALYS using several $\alpha$ optical potentials and $\gamma$-strength functions.   

Development of a Calibration System for Cryogenic Light Detectors in CUPID

If neutrino is a Majorana particle, it is possible to observe neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$), whose signature is a monochromatic line at the Q-value of the decay in the energy spectrum of the two electrons. Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is an experiment which aims to search for $0\nu\beta\beta$ in $^{130}$Te with TeO$_{2}$ bolometers, whose background is dominated by $\alpha$ particles from natural radioactivity in the detector material. CUPID (CUORE Upgrade with Particle IDentification) is the next generation experiment proposed to distinguish $0\nu\beta\beta$ events from those of $\alpha$ particles with Cherenkov radiation. An important part of CUPID R\&D is to design, build and characterize a calibration system that can generate a known amount of light and transport that light to the dilution refrigerator at mK temperatures. We describe the design, implementation and performance of a calibration system developed for bolometric light detectors. Preparation work includes researching and selecting a light source (LED). A transport system (optical fiber) was developed to direct the light to the coldest part of the dilution refrigerator. Additionally, the light yield attenuation of optical fiber at cryogenic temperatures was measured.   

Measuring the Cross-Section of Charged-Current Neutrino Interactions in Sodium Iodide

An array of twenty-four 7.7 kg sodium iodide (NaI[Tl]) scintillating detectors has been deployed to the basement of the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in order to observe and measure the cross-section of charged-current neutrino interactions on $^{127}$I. Preliminary results and testing of these detectors will be presented herein. In addition, potential applications for observing coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) will be discussed.   

Angular spectrum analysis in heavy ion collisions

Heavy Ion Collisions serve to study some features of early-universe cosmology. In this contribution we adapt data analysis frequently used to understand the Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropies (such as the Mollweide projection and the angular power spectrum) to heavy ion collisions at the LHC. We examine a few publicly available events of the ALICE collaboration under this light. Because the ALICE time projection chamber has limited coverage in rapidity and some blind angles in the transverse plane, the angular spectrum seems very influenced by the detector's acceptance.   

Halo and Core Parameters Extracted from a Data on Reaction Cross-section in the Glauber Model

Core and halo radii for various exotic nuclei were extracted from the experimental data on the interaction cross-section using exact expressions obtained in the Glauber theory using Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach. Here, the difference between reaction and interaction cross-sections were taken into account The results of the experimental data analyzes on interaction cross-section of $^{11}$Li, $^{16}$C, $^{31}$Ne and $^{37}$Mg nuclei on $^{12}$C target are presented.   

Nuclear Checker Board Model

The Checkerboard model of the Nucleus has been in the public domain for over 20 years. Over those years it has been described by nuclear and particle physicists as; cute, ``the Bohr model of the nucleus'' and ``reminiscent of the Eightfold Way''. It has also been ridiculed as numerology, laughed at, and even worse. In 2000 the theory was taken to the next level by attempting to explain why the mass of the ``up'' and ``dn'' quarks were significantly heavier than the SM ``u'' and ``d'' quarks. This resulted in a paper published on arXiv.nucl-th/0008026 in 2000, predicting 5 generations of quarks, each quark and negative lepton particle related to each other by a simple geometric mean. The CBM predicts that the radii of the elementary particles are proportional to the cube root of their masses. This was realized Pythagorean musical intervals (octave, perfect 5$^{\mathrm{th}}$, perfect 4$^{\mathrm{th}}$ plus two others). Therefore each generation can be explained by a simple right triangle and the height of the hypotenuse. Notice that the height of a right triangle breaks the hypotenuse into two line segments. The geometric mean of those two segments equals the length of the height of this characteristic triangle. Therefore the CBM theory now predicts that all the elementary particles mass are proportion to the cube of their radii. Therefore the mass density of all elementary particles (and perhaps black holes too) are a constant of nature.   

Exact Solutions for Pairing Correlations Among Protons and Neutrons

Using the nuclear shell model we are able to achieve, for the first time, exact solutions for pairing correlations for light to medium-mass nuclei, including the challenging proton-neutron pairs, while also identifying the primary physics involved. We utilize a new Hamiltonian with only two adjustable parameters. In addition to a single-particle energy term and the Coulomb potential, the shell-model Hamiltonian consists of isovector $T$=1 pairing interaction and average proton-neutron isoscalar $T$=0 interaction. The $T$=0 term describes the average interaction between non-paired protons and neutrons. This Hamiltonian is exactly solvable, but calculations represent a challenge, as they require highly non-linear equations to be computed. With this model, including from 3 to 7 single-particle energy levels, we can reproduce experimental data for $0^+$ state energies for isotopes with mass $A$=10 through $A$=62 exceptionally well including isotopes from He to Ge. These results provide a further understanding for the key role of proton-neutron pairing correlations in nuclei, which is especially important for waiting-point nuclei on the rp-path of nucleosynthesis.   

Symmetry Based No Core Shell Model in a Deformed Basis

To address current limitations of shell-model descriptions of large spatial deformation and cluster structures, we adopt a no-core shell model with a deformed harmonic oscillator basis and implement an angular momentum projection in a symmetry-adapted scheme. This approach allows us to reach larger model spaces as a result of computational memory savings for calculations of highly deformed states, such as the Hoyle state in C-12. The method is first tested with schematic interactions, but the ultimate goal is to carry forward calculations with realistic nucleon-nucleon interactions in future work.   

Total Energy At Low Speeds Relating to Mass Energy Equivalence Must Include Linear, Rotational and Vibrational Kinetic Energies

Einstein calculated the total energy at low speeds to be $E_{total}= m_0c^2 + 1/2m_0v^2$. However, the total energy at low speeds must also include the rotational and vibrational kinetic energies as well.Therefore, the mathematical relationship must include these factors. If $1/2I\omega^2$ is the rotational kinetic energy of the mass, and $1/2kx_0^2$ is the vibrational kinetic energy of the mass, the total energy of the mass must be $E_{total}= m_0c^2 + 1/2mv^2 + 1/2I\omega^2 +1/2kx_0^2$.   

Entanglement production and Lyapunov exponents

Squeezed vacua play a prominent role in quantum field theory in curved spacetime. Instabilities and resonances that arise from the coupling in the field to the background geometry, result in a large squeezing of the vacuum. In this talk, I discuss the relation between squeezing and Lyapunov exponents of the system. In particular, I derive a new formula for the rate of growth of the entanglement entropy expressed as the sum of the Lyapunov exponents. Examples of such a linear production regime can be found during inflation and in the preheating phase directly after inflation.   

On the Klein-Gordon equation using the dispersion relation of Doubly Special Relativity

The theory of Doubly Special Relativity or Deformed Special Relativity (DSR), proposes that there is a maximum energy scale and a minimum length scale that is invariant for all observers. These maximum energy and minimum length correspond to the Planck energy and the Planck length, respectively. As a consequence, the dispersion relation is modified to be $E^{2} = p^{2}c^{2} + m^{2}c^{4} + \lambda E^{3} + \dots$ Previous work has been done to express Quantum Mechanics using the dispersion relation of DSR. Solutions of the free particle, the harmonic oscillator, and the Hydrogen atom have been obtained from the DSR Schrodinger equation. We explore how the DSR Klein-Gordon equation can be consistently approximated in the non-relativistic limit in order to derive the DSR Schrodinger equation.   

An Analysis of Coupling between the $x_1$ and $x_{12}$ Interferometers for LISA Pathfinder

Due to tolerances in the manufacturing process, noise from the jittering of the spacecraft housing LISA Pathfinder (LPF) is appearing in the differential measurement between its two test masses (TM's). This phenomenon manifests as a small but measurable coupling between the readouts of LPF's two heterodyne interferometers, $x_1$ and $x_{12}$. In this study, two LISA Pathfinder experiments are analyzed using three methods in an effort to characterize and quantify the coupling as well as to potentially identify its source. The main question considered is this: does the coupling change with the absolute displacement between the TM's? As a result of this work, reliable values for coupling between LPF's $x_1$ and $x_{12}$ interferometers are found, and they are seen to depend on the absolute displacement between the test masses to some degree.   

Test Mass Temperature Field and Laser Aberration Modeling in Advanced LIGO

Advanced LIGO uses high laser power in the main interferometer arm cavities to achieve design sensitivity. A small part of this power is absorbed in the interferometer cavity mirrors where it creates thermal lenses. Actuation by ``ring heaters,'' additional heater elements aimed to reduce the temperature gradients in the mirrors, minimizes aberrations in the main laser beam due to thermal lensing. We derive the first analytical model of the temperature field contribution in the mirrors generated by an ideal ring heater (Ramette et al. 2016). In addition, we simulate the test mass temperature field using finite element analysis software and find agreement with the prediction of our ring heater analytical model and existing models for self-heating of the test mass by the main laser beam. From our ring heater temperature field models, we then express the resulting optical aberration contribution in the main laser and compare to Hartmann wavefront sensor measurements of the aberration. Used in conjunction with wavefront measurements, our model provides a more complete understanding of the thermal state of the cavity mirrors and will allow a more efficient use of the ring heaters in Advanced LIGO.   

Distributional Tests for Gravitational Waves from Core-Collapse Supernovae

Core-Collapse Supernovae (CCSN) are spectacular and violent deaths of massive stars. CCSN are some of the most interesting candidates for producing gravitational-waves (GW) transients. Current published results focus on methodologies to detect single GW unmodelled transients. The advantages of these tests are that they do not require a background for which we have an analytical model. Examples of non-parametric tests that will be compared are Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney, chi squared, and asymmetric chi squared. I will present methodological results using publicly released LIGO-S6 data recolored to the design sensitivity of Advanced LIGO and that will be time lagged between interferometers sites so that the resulting coincident events are not GW.   

Nuclear Quantum Gravitation -- Forces Unification

With Nuclear Quantum Gravitation, the Forces are plainly and coherently unified. This most certainly is the missing link in Newtonian Gravitation explaining clearly the internal workings based in the Atomic Nucleus. The gravitational force between two gravitating masses is because of alternating electromagnetic functions in nuclei in matter. The Cavendish Experiment - Demonstration clearly shows the Gravitational attraction between two masses, which is a force proportional to the Newtonian Mechanics. General Relativity fails this real, physical test. Nuclear Quantum Gravitation has 10 logical proofs and 21 more indications. It is Scientifically logical and is compatible with Quantum Mechanics and Newtonian Mechanics.   

Numerical Relativity Simulations of Black Holes Binaries, Neutron Star Binaries, and Neutron Star Oscillations

We present the results of numerical relativity simulations, using the Einstein Toolkit, of black hole binaries, neutron star binaries, and neutron star oscillations. The black hole binary simulations represent the source of LIGO's first gravitational wave detection, GW150914. We compare the gravitational wave output of this simulation with the LIGO data LIGO on GW150914. The neutron star binaries we simulated have different mass ratios and equations of state. These simulations were compared with each other to illustrate the effect of different mass ratios and equations of state on binary evolution and gravitational wave emission. To perform the neutron star oscillation simulations, we applied pressure and density perturbations to the star using specific eigenmodes. These evolutions of the stars were then compared to the expected oscillation frequencies of those excited eigemodes and contrasted with simulations of unperturbed neutron stars.   

A new approach to ultrasensitive gravitational wave detection

Recently LIGO detected gravitational waves using interferometric methods. A different approach is proposed here. It is based on: 1) conversion of the wave action into rotational motion and 2) subsequent conversion into electric current. Instead of a large number of photons, here the large density of charge carriers (Avogadro number per cubic centimeter) results in an electronic current signal with intrinsically low noise. The noise is low because in superconductors used in the proposed design, the Cooper-pairs behave like a Bose-Einstein condensate with extremely low fluctuations. Preliminary estimates suggest that strain sensitivities exceeding those of advanced LIGO can be achieved with tabletop instruments. The suggested toroidal design with magnetic frame will achieve $2\cdot 10^{-25}Hz^{-1/2}$ at the frequency of $\nu \approx 100Hz$ for a $10\;Ton$, $10\;meter$radius torus with $1\;meter$ cryogenic frame. This exceeds the advanced LIGO sensitivity (in the range of LIGO's maximum sensitivity) by two orders of magnitude. For both higher and lower frequencies, the improvement is considerably larger. For example, at $\nu \approx 1\;kHz$ there is a $3,000$fold improvement. For lower frequencies the improvement can be very much larger, even for the lighter smaller$100\;kg$, $1\;meter$ torus devices.   

Hubble redshift in a static Einstein universe

A new exact solution of Einstein's equation can account for the Hubble redshift in a static universe. The solution can also account for an event horizon at $13.8\pm 1.2$ billion light years and for a distance modulus as a function of redshift, $\mu (Z)=\mu_{0} +5\,\log_{10} [Z\exp (Z/2)]$, that matches Type Ia supernova data sets well with no adjustable parameters. This distance modulus can explain the appearance of cosmic acceleration in a static universe.   

Redshift and Blueshift are due to the Medium Composition

The redshift is the shift from shorter wavelengths towards longer wavelengths [or from higher wave frequency to lower wave frequency]. And, reciprocally, the blueshift is the shift from longer wavelengths towards shorter wavelengths [or from lower wave frequency towards higher wave frequency]. The General Theory of Relativity asserts that the redshift and blueshift are entirely due to the Doppler's Effect, which is caused by the motion of light source: if the source is moving away from the observer the frequency received is lower [redshift], but if the source is moving towards the observer the frequency received is higher [blueshift]. But Doppler's Effect itself is actually an appearance to a Subjective Observer, because the frequency is the same all over (if one considers the Absolute Observer). We believe that the redshift and blueshift are not entirely due to the Doppler's Effect, but also due (as in the light bending) to the medium composition (medium that could be formed by waves, particles, plasma, dust, gaseous, fluids, solids, etc.), to the medium density, to the medium heterogeneity, to the medium structure, and to the electromagnetic and gravitational fields contained in that medium that may interfere with the light that passes through.   

Other Questions with Respect to the Weak Equivalence Principle

A disc rotating at high speed will exert out-of-plane forces resembling an accelerating field. Is the principle of equivalence also applicable for this process? Will someone inside an elevator in free-fall and rotating around its vertical centre, feel a gravitational force? Or will he feel a gravitational force larger than what equivalence principle requires? Does the equivalence principle remain applicable here? An airplane flies at an altitude of 1 km. The co-pilot drops an elevator-room without a passenger inside it. After one second has elapsed, the co-pilot drops four grenades in the direction of the freely-falling elevator's path. The question: Will the grenades reach the elevator before it reaches the ground? If no, why? If yes, which grenade? How will the air resistance influence the outcome?   

Updates on Software development for a RICH detector

The CLAS12 detector at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF) is undergoing an upgrade. One of the improvements is the addition of a Ring Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) detector to improve particle identification in the 3-8 GeV/c momentum range. Approximately 400 multi anode photomultiplier tubes (MAPMTs) are going to be used to detect Cherenkov Radiation in the single photoelectron spectra (SPS). Software development for slow control as well as online monitoring is under development. I will be presenting my work on the development of a java based programs for a monitor and explain its interaction with a Mysql database where the MAPMTs information is stored as well as the techniques used to visualize Cherenkov rings.   

Model Selection in the Analysis of Photoproduction Data

Scattering experiments provide one of the most powerful and useful tools for probing matter to better understand its fundamental properties governed by the strong interaction. As the spectroscopy of the excited states of nucleons enters a new era of precision ushered in by improved experiments at Jefferson Lab and other facilities around the world, traditional partial-wave analysis methods must be adjusted accordingly. In this poster, we present a rigorous set of statistical tools and techniques that we implemented; most notably, the LASSO method, which serves for the selection of the simplest model, allowing us to avoid over fitting. In the case of establishing the spectrum of exited baryons, it avoids overpopulation of the spectrum and thus the occurrence of false-positives. This is a prerequisite to reliably compare theories like lattice QCD or quark models to experiments. Here, we demonstrate the principle by simultaneously fitting three observables in neutral pion photo-production, such as the differential cross section, beam asymmetry and target polarization across thousands of data points.   

Isospin and particle representations for quasi-bound state of kaonic clusters

In the framework of the method of the Faddeev equations in configuration space, the $NN\overline K (I=0)$ (and $\overline K \overline K N)$ kaonic cluster system including two identical particles is considered. We use the formalism of isospin and particle representations [1] to describe the systems. The treatment of $I=1$ and $I=0$ isospin $\overline K N$ channels is discussed. The presence of the Coulomb force in $ppK^{-}$ channel violates the isospin symmetry of the $NN\overline K (I=0)$ system. According to the particle representation, $NN\overline K $ is a two-level system of coupled $ppK^{-}$ and $pn\overline K^{0}$ channels with and without the Coulomb energy, respectively. The results of calculations for the bound states with the phenomenological and chiral motivated $\overline K N$ potentials are given for different representations. In particular, new single channel calculations for the $ppK^{-}$ (and $K^{-}K^{-}p)$ cluster are presented. It is shown that the exchange of identical particles plays an important role in the formation of a bound state of the systems. The relation of the exchange and the three-body mass rearrangement effects is discussed. [1] J. Revai, arXiv: 1608.01802v1 (2016).   

Longitudinal Double-Spin Asymmetry for Inclusive Jet Production in Polarized Proton Collisions at $\surd $s $=$ 510 GeV

We present an analysis update of the longitudinal double-spin asymmetry measurement for inclusive jet production in polarized proton collisions at $\surd $s $=$ 510 GeV. The data were recorded at the STAR experiment during the run 2013 at mid-rapidity (\textbar $\eta $\textbar \textless 0.9), to further constrain the gluon polarization ($\Delta $G) contribution to the spin of the proton. Previous STAR jet and di-jet measurements at $\surd $s $=$ 200 GeV, provide evidence of non-zero gluon polarization for values of Bjorken-x 0.05. The measurements in 2012 and 2013, at higher center of mass energy (510 GeV), allow probing $\Delta $G at lower Bjorken scaling. The integrated luminosity recorded at STAR used for this study is approximately 250 pb$^{-1}$. This luminosity is almost three times higher than the previous year, which brings new challenges to this study. We discuss and compare the status of this analysis with the previous STAR results during run 2012 and current theory models.   

Predicting the axial structure of the proton using a quark-diquark model

The form factors of the proton typically measured via elastic electroweak scattering have long been a rich testing ground for models of nucleon structure. We explore the ability of a model based in a quark/spectator diquark picture to describe form factors in the electromagnetic sector, as well as to predict the form of the nucleon's axial current. Making use of a realistic spin decomposition and phenomenological vertex factors, we choose model parameters so as to fit experimental data on the electric and magnetic Sachs form factors, as well as the low-momentum isovector axial form factor. With the model we then predict the pseudoscalar form factor and extend axial form factor predictions to higher momenta, comparing our predictions to those of other frameworks and techniques.   

Simulations of a fast feedback system for the High Luminosity LHC

The High-Luminosity LHC upgrade, expected to be finished by 2025, will generate a tenfold increase in the number of recorded collisions. Part of this improvement~will come from the implementation of crab cavities, which exert transverse momentum kicks on the bunches of particles just before they collide, in order to have head-on collisions. The crab cavity field will include amplitude and phase noise, leading to undesirable consequences, such as the increase of the particle cloud size~(emittance). Simulations were performed to evaluate the performance improvement with a proposed fast feedback system acting through the crab cavities.   

Kicker field simulation and measurement for the muon g-2 experiment at FNAL

In the Muon g-2 experiment, muon beam is injected to the storage ring in a slightly tilted orbit whose center is 77 mm away from the center of the ring. The kicker is needed to send the muon beam to the central orbit. The magnetic kicker is designed for the experiment and about 0.1 Tm field integral is needed. The peak current pulse is 4200 A to make this field integral. This strong kicker pulse could make unwanted eddy current occur. This eddy current could spoil the main magnetic field of the storage ring. This could be a critical threat to the precision of experiment. The kicker field simulation has done using OPERA to estimate the effects. Also the kicker field should be measured based on Faraday effect. The measurement has tested in the lab before install the experiment area. In this presentation, the simulation and measurement results will be discussed.   

Electron beam magnetization measurement using microlens array laser transverse shaping technique

Microlens array light shaping technique is a very common way of producing homogeneous flat-top profile. Alternatively it can be used for creation of transversely modulated (patterned) beams. This technique can be applied for laser shaping in photoinjector facility. We present the practical applications of such laser patterns in linear accelerators. We also compare the experimental results with theory and numerical simulations.   

Deformation Studies and Elasticity Measurements of Hydrophobic Silica Aerogels using Double Exposure Holographic Interferometry

Holographic interferometry is mainly used for the non-destructive testing of various materials and metals in industry, engineering and technological fields. This technique may used to study the elastic properties of materials. We have used the double exposure holographic interferometry (DEHI) to study the surface deformation and elastic constant such as Young's modulus of mechanically stressed aerogel samples. Efforts have been made in the past to use non-destructive techniques like sound velocity measurements through aerogels. Hydrophobic Silica aerogels were prepared by the sol-gel process followed by supercritical methanol drying. The molar ratio of tetramethoxysilane: methyltrimethoxysilane: H$_{\mathrm{2}}$O constant at 1.2:0.8:6 while the methanol / tetramethoxysilane molar ratio (M) was varied systematically from 14 to 20 to obtain hydrophobic silica aerogels. After applying the weights on the sample in grams, double exposure holograms of aerogel samples have been successfully recorded. Double exposure causes localization of interference fringes on the aerogel surface and these fringes are used to determine the surface deformation and elastic modulus of the aerogels and they are in good agreement with the experiments performed by using four point bending.