Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS April Meeting 2014
Volume 59, Number 5
Saturday–Tuesday, April 5–8, 2014; Savannah, Georgia
Session D1: Poster Session I (14:00-17:00) |
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Sponsoring Units: APS Room: Exhibit Hall |
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D1.00001: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH |
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D1.00002: Analysis of Electromagnetic Fields in Inertial Alfven Wave Collisions J.D. Rhudy, B.C. Shanken, D.J. Drake, J.W.R. Schroeder, G.G. Howes, C.A. Kletzing, F. Skiff, T.A. Carter, S. Dorfman Turbulence in astrophysical and space plasmas is dominated by the nonlinear interaction of counterpropagating Alfv\'{e}n waves. Most Alfv\'{e}n wave turbulence theories have been based on ideal plasma models, such as incompressible MHD, for Alfv\'{e}n waves at large scales. The theory predicts that the nonlinear interaction of two counterpropagating MHD Alfv\'{e}n waves will produce a secondary daughter wave. The theory for large scale MHD waves has been previously verified by our research group [1]. However, in the small scale regime where inertial Alfv\'{e}n waves dominate, the theory has yet to be determined. We present here experiments performed in the Large Plasma Device that focus on the interaction of two counterpropagating inertial Alfv\'{e}n waves traveling parallel to the background magnetic field. The evidence clearly shows the production of a nonlinear daughter wave, similar to those observed for MHD Alfv\'{e}n waves. \\[4pt] [1] D. J. Drake, J. W. R. Schroeder, G. G. Howes, C. A. Kletzing, F. Skiff, T. A. Carter, and D. W. Auerbach, Phys. Plasmas \textbf{20}, 072901 (2013). [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00003: Kinetic Modeling of Plasma formed during Aerobraking in the Martian Atmosphere Evan Smithwick, Dereth Drake During Martian atmospheric aerobraking the plasma that forms around a spacecraft can be considered a high-volume plasma reactor that is sustained by the dissipation of the spacecraft's kinetic energy. At altitudes below 100 km, it has been shown that the plasma parameters vary considerably depending on the spacecraft's trajectory. However, in range which is applicable to aerobraking, 100 km \textless $h$ \textless 200 km, little of this work has been completed. We have evaluated a simple kinetic model to determine a probable range of plasma parameters for altitudes between 100 and 200 km using existing Martian atmospheric data and all recorded probe trajectories. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00004: A Blackbody Microwave Source for CMB Polarimeter Development Alec Lindman I present an evolved design for a thermally isolated blackbody source operating at 90GHz and 120GHz, frequencies of interest to Cosmic Microwave Background measurements. The NASA GSFC Experimental Cosmology lab is developing transition edge sensor bolometers for the CLASS and PIPER missions to measure CMB polarization; the source described here is for use in an existing 150mK test package to quantify the detectors' properties. The design is optimized to minimize heat loading into the ADR and cryocoolers by employing a Kevlar kinematic suspension and additional thermal breaks. The blackbody light is coupled to a detector by means of an electroformed waveguide, which is mated to the source by an ultraprecise ring-centered flange design; this precision is critical to maintain the vacuum gap between the heated source and the cold waveguide, which is an order of magnitude smaller than the allowable misalignment of the standard military-spec microwave flange design. The source will provide at least 50{\%} better thermal isolation than the existing 40GHz source, as well as a smaller thermal time constant to enable faster measurement cycles. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00005: Exploring the z-dependence of the two-point angular correlation function in galaxy clustering Alyssa Endres, Matthew Bellis, Debbie Bard The two-point angular correlation function (2ACF) is used to quantify the scales of clustering of galaxies. The 2ACF changes as we look further back in time (higher redshift z) and the clustering evolves. We calculate the exact Landy-Szalay estimator for the 2ACF using GPUs (Graphics Processing Units) and employ novel visualizations to observe the evolution of this function with increasing redshift. We use data from the MICE Grand Challenge dataset, a 70-billion particle n-body simulation that is publicly available, and compare to data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The current status of this project will be presented. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00006: Dark Matter Production with Boosted W/Z Bosons at Large Hadron Collider -LHC Rene Nsanzineza Nature of dark matter is one of the most important questions for the universe. Until today, no one knows what kind of particles form the dark matter despite several evidences of its presence in the universe. This research describes how dark matter can be pair produced in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Methods and procedures used to distinguish dark matter and ordinary matter are explained. An analysis of Monte Carlo simulation has been studied for dark matter mass of 100 GeV/c$^{2}$. The future work for this ongoing project will be based on testing data from the Compact Muon Solenoid at LHC using the results of the Monte Carlo simulation. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00007: Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment simulation studies on Offset of Detector and Proton Beam Amit Bashyal, Jaehoon Yu, Seongtae Park, Blake Watson The Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment(LBNE), hosted by Fermilab is a world class physics program aiming to probe our understanding on neutrino physics and look for physics beyond Standard Model. While LBNE is still under development, the LBNE beam simulation group performs the simulation using the G4LBNE simulation software and packaged geometry. The simulation studies are done by shifting and offsetting several parameters (which represent the physical components of the real experiment). The results obtained were analyzed graphically and statistically. In this talk, I will explain the effect of beam offset and detector shifting on parameters like pion production in the decay pipe, intensity of neutrino flux, variation on the number of neutrinos in specific energy ranges. Simulation experiment results will help to simplify the complex nature of neutrinos itself to a small extent and the collective work from the beam simulation group can provide a raw guideline for the experiment itself in the long run. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00008: Infrasonic Influence of Volcanos Ashley Hosman My presentation will consist of a poster on the use of ring laser interferometers to detect infrasound. The research was performed during the summer of 2013 and it focused on the finding infrasound emissions created by volcanic activity. I will explain how a ring laser works and discuss how I analyze the collected data using Fast Fourier Transforms. Due to the extreme distances over which infrasound can travel, I will also stress the need to compare the detected responses to specific volcanic eruptions. Finally, I will purpose practical applications of my research. One of the more promising applications is to use ring lasers to detect volcanic activity in remote areas such as parts of the Aleutian Islands. There is considerable air traffic over the Aleutian Islands. Volcanic plumes are a significant aviation hazard and can damage jet engines to the extent that they will no longer operate. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00009: Effect of Alignment on smectic A to nematic phase transition of the aligned octylcyanobiphenyl nano-liquid crystal Dipti Sharma Liquid Crystals (LCs) exhibit a wide range of mesomorphic phases for long range of applications either in the bulk form or as compounds and mixtures. In the smectic LC devices, more attention has been paying to get smectic phase transition earlier with higher quality reachers are showing their interest in the laser beam steering and the optical shutter applications to know how fast the smectic phase transition can be reached. Our interest is to understand the smectic A to nematic (SmA-N) phase transition behavior in the regard of its faster response. This study shows the effect of alignment on the activated kinetics of the SmA-N phase transition of the bulk octylcyanobiphenyl (8CB) of magnetic field. A detailed thermal analysis were performed for the aligned 8CB and found a significant temperature shift in the transition peak towards higher temperature as ramp rate increases following Arrhenius behavior. This behavior gives the information of the energy dynamics of the molecular motion and rearrangement of 8CB molecules near the SmA-N transition. The presence of alignment brings faster response time, an increased energy dynamics with higher activation. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00010: Models of accretion disk variability produced by flares Michael McLoughlin Accretion disks are central to many astrophysical phenomena including binary x-ray systems and active galactic nuclei. We employed Mathematica to generate artificial light curves for accretion disks. The basic parameters are accretion rate, central object mass and viewing angle. The model includes relativistic boosting from differential disk rotation. Variability in the flux expected to be generated by turbulence in the disk. We phenomenologically model this by randomly distributing artificial ``flares'' on the disk with intensities proportional to the local thermal flux and parameters describing the fraction of the disk surface covered by flares and their lifetimes. This technique reproduces the results of Mangalam {\&} Wiita (1993) but extends their results by introducing temporal decays to the intensity of the artificial flares. The light curves generated by the simulation are used to produce power spectral densities (PDSs) that are then compared with PSDs taken from observations of real accretion disks. Good agreement is found for reasonable parameters. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00011: Total Energy Due to Pair Production by Neutrinos in Type II Supernovae Anna Reine, Todd Tinsley While neutrinos carry the vast majority of energy in type II supernovae explosions, some neutrino interactions only permitted because of the presence of strong magnetic fields are not typically considered in models of supernova collapse and explosion. Our research explored the impact of one such interaction on spherically symmetrical models, which, unlike the more complex magnetohydrodynamic models, do not account for enough energy to explain the explosion. We created a model to determine the order of magnitude of the maximum total energy produced by neutrino emission of positron-electron pairs $\nu \to \nu e \bar{e}$, based on previous research on the production rate of this interaction in supernovae of varying magnetic field strengths. We demonstrate that the amount of energy retained in the supernovae by this interaction alone is not sufficient to account for the energy needed to reheat the shockwave in spherically symmetrical models. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00012: Flavor oscillation Length for Neutrinos in Magnetized Matter Xuanhua Wang, Todd Tinsley A magnetic field has no effect on neutrinos since they are neutral particles with no known magnetic moment; however, the presence of a magnetic field will affect the electron field which may influence the neutrino interaction with electrons. We considered only the forward scattering of neutrinos off free electrons through the charged current interaction, which accounts for matter-enhanced flavor oscillation. We found that the interaction Hamiltonian is not altered by the presence of a magnetic field except when the neutrino scatters off an electron in the lowest Landau level. ~In this case the Hamiltonian depends only on the angle between the neutrino's momentum and the direction of the magnetic field. Therefore, the strength of the magnetic field influences the result only through the Landau level distribution of electrons. This result might be considered when studying neutrinos around cosmological objects like supernovae or neutron stars, where the magnetic field is extremely strong and the change in neutrino oscillation length is not negligible. I will present the calculation of Hamiltonian of the above interaction in magnetized matter and the change of oscillation length in this case. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00013: Electromagnetic Radiative Corrections in e/p Scattering for Q$_{\mathrm{weak}}$'s Measurement of a Parity-Violating Asymmetry in Elastic e/p Scattering Tyler Webb, Damon Spayde I will present on electromagnetic radiative corrections applied to a measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry in e/p scattering. This measurement is part of the Qweak collaboration's effort to extract the weak- mixing angle with high precision. The calculation of the angle from the measured quantity assumes a tree-level process, although the actual scattering does not occur at tree level. As the electron propagates, its possible momentum transfer is lessened due to bremmstrahlung and ionization, thereby reducing the measured asymmetry. I will demonstrate how I used simulation to calculate a more correct asymmetry value which, when compared with a simulated tree-level asymmetry, can be used to correct Qweak's data. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00014: CASSY Robot Anna Pittman, Ann Wright, Aaron Rice, Claude Shyaka The CASSY Robot project involved two square robots coded in RobotC. The goal was to code a robot to do a certain set of tasks autonomously. To begin with, our task was to code the robot so that it would roam a certain area, marked off by black tape. When the robot hit the black tape, it knew to back up and turn around. It was able to do this thanks to the light sensor that was attached to the bottom of the robot. Also, whenever the robot hit an obstacle, it knew to stop, back up, and turn around. This was primarily to prevent the robot from hurting itself if it hit an obstacle. This was accomplished by using touch sensors set up as bumpers. Once that was accomplished, we attached sonar sensors and created code so that one robot was able to find and track the other robot in a sort of intruder/police scenario. The overall goal of this project was to code the robot so that we can test it against a robot coded exactly the same, but using Layered Mode Selection Logic. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00015: Acceptance Studies for 4He(e,e'p)X Reaction up to High Missing Energies and Momenta Drew Finton, Fatiha Benmokhtar Data collected from the Helium-4 target in Hall A at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF) in Newport News, Virginia, was analyzed using the object-oriented data analysis software ROOT and used to create Missing Energy Spectra for Missing Momenta ranging from 150 MeV/c to 755 MeV/c for 4He(e,e$'$p)X reaction channels. Jefferson Lab is a continuous electron beam accelerator facility, and Hall A contains two high resolution spectrometers as well as the cryogenic Helium-4 target. Acceptance cuts were made to six measured variables to remove background noise, and then applied to produce a Missing Energy Spectrum showing two- and three-body break up channels as well as pion electro-production energy threshold. The analysis of these missing energy spectra will be used to understand the contributions of one-, two-, and three-body interactions. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00016: The White Noise Generator programed on the Raspberry Pi Ken McGill, Katie Ham, Kris Schock, Patrick Dowling, Chaz Kuzell A Raspberry Pi computer, running a Linux based operating system, was programmed for use as a white noise generator. The program was written to output sine waves at a specific frequency with a randomly generated phase. This function generator was programmed specifically for an ongoing undergraduate research project. This research project involves the calculation of the speed of flow through a cylindrical pipe with 128 transducers equally spaced by 0.4 inches down the length of the pipe. The inputted white noise generated serves as an effective technique to induce multiple sine waves of a given frequency to the pipe, as the sine waves are generated at a random phase. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00017: Determining Fault Orientation with Sagnac Interferometers Konstantin Gruenwald, Robert Dunn Typically, earthquake fault ruptures emit seismic waves in directions dependent on the fault's orientation. Specifically, as the fault slips to release strain, compressional P-waves propagate parallel and perpendicular to the fault plane, and transverse S-waves propagate at 45 degree angles to the fault--a result of the double-couple model of fault slippage. Sagnac Interferometers (ring-lasers) have been used to study wave components of several natural phenomena. We used the initial responses of a ring-laser from transverse S-waves to determine the orientation of the nearby Guy/Greenbrier fault, the source of an earthquake swarm in 2010-11 purportedly caused by hydraulic fracturing. This orientation was compared to the structure of the fault extracted by nearby seismogram responses. Our goal was to determine if ring-lasers could reinforce or add to the models of fault orientation constructed from seismographs. The results indicate that the ring-laser's responses can aid in constructing fault orientation in a manner similar to traditional seismographs. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00018: Resolving the band structure of topological insulators and point-contact spectroscopy analysis Pavel Shibayev This study concerns a comprehensive quantitative analysis of topological insulators (TIs) [1], a new quantum state of matter, namely Bi$_{2}$Se$_{3}$. The first stage is observing the proximity-induced superconductivity effect [2] via point-contact spectroscopy (PCS). Differential conductance of the superconducting NbSe$_{2}$ crystal was measured at approximately 4 K, cooled with liquid helium. Through the analysis of I-V characteristics, it was possible to observe an expected behavior of differential conductance for voltages higher than 1 mV, and the ongoing work is to observe this effect at lower voltage. Subsequently, this method will be used to induce superconductivity in Bi$_{2}$Se$_{3}$ by combining it with NbSe$_{2}$. The second stage is a first-principles calculation of band structure of the TI crystal based on the density functional theory, DFT, performed on Bi$_{2}$Se$_{3}$ using the ABINIT program [3]. The third stage is resolving the band structure of the crystal via angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) at a synchrotron facility and comparing with the above calculation. It is expected to be completed in February 2014. \\[4pt] [1] M. Z. Hasan et. al. Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 3045 (2010).\\[0pt] [2] Zareapour, Parisa et. al. Nature Communications 3 (2012).\\[0pt] [3] Gonze, X. et al. Comput. Mater. Sci. 25, 478-492 (2002). [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00019: Infrasonic Influences of Tornados and Cyclonic Weather Systems Tessa Cook Infrasound waves travel through the air at approximately 340 m/s at sea level, while experiencing low levels of friction, allowing the waves to travel over larger distances. When seismic waves travel through unconsolidated soil, the waves slow down to approximately 340 m/s. Because the speeds of waves in the air and ground are similar, a more effective transfer of energy from the atmosphere to the ground can occur. Large ring lasers can be utilized for detecting sources of infrasound traveling through the ground by measuring anomalies in the frequency difference between their two counter-rotating beams. Sources of infrasound include tornados and other cyclonic weather systems. The way systems create waves that transfer to the ground is unknown and will be continued in further research; this research has focused on attempting to isolate the time that the ring laser detected anomalies in order to investigate if these anomalies may be contributed to isolatable weather systems. Furthermore, this research analyzed the frequencies detected in each of the anomalies and compared the frequencies with various characteristics of each weather system, such as tornado width, wind speeds, and system development. This research may be beneficial for monitoring gravity waves and weather systems. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00020: Determining what caused the error in the prediction of the December 1st, 2013 snow storm using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model Nikunjkumar Prajapati, Joseph Trout The severity of snow events in the northeast United States depends on the position of the pressure systems and the fronts. Although numerical models have improved greatly as computer power has increased, occasionally the forecasts of the pressure systems and fronts can have large margins of error. For example, the snow storm which passed over the north east coast on the week of December 1, 2013, which proved to be much more severe than predicted. In this research, The Weather Research and Forecasting Model(WRF-Model) is used to model the December 1, 2013 storm. Multiple simulations using nested, high resolution grids are compared. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00021: Multi-Anode-PMT Analysis for new RICH detector at JLab's CLAS12 spectrometer Andrew Witchger, Fatiha Benmokhtar ~Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) is performing a large-scale upgrade to the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) to reach energies of 12GeV. CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS12) in Hall B is undergoing major upgrade too to run to collect data at these high energies.~ A new Ring Imaging CHerenkov (RICH) detector is being developed to provide better kaon -- pion separation for CLAS12 in the 3 to 8 GeV/$c$ range. With this addition, when the electron beam hits the target, the resulting pions, kaons, and other particles will pass through a wall of translucent aerogel tiles and create Cherenkov radiation. This light can then be accurately detected by a large array of Multi-Anode Photo-Multiplier Tubes (MA-PMT). The supporting hardware and software systems for MA-PMTs were developed by the ~collaboration.~ I am presenting my work on the testing and analysis of these systems and results that will amplify the physical capabilities of~ the spectrometer. ~ [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00022: Undergraduate Student Involvement in International Research -- The IRES Program at MAX-lab, Sweden William Briscoe, Grant O'Rielly, Kevin Fissum Undergraduate students associated with The George Washington University and UMass Dartmouth have had the opportunity to participate in nuclear physics research as a part of the PIONS@MAXLAB Collaboration performing experiments at MAX-lab at Lund University in Sweden. This project has supported thirteen undergraduate students during 2009 -- 2011. The student researchers are involved with all aspects of the experiments performed at the laboratory, from set-up to analysis and presentation at national conferences. These experiments investigate the dynamics responsible for the internal structure of the nucleon through the study of pion photoproduction off the nucleon and high-energy Compton scattering. Along with the US and Swedish project leaders, members of the collaboration (from four different countries) have contributed to the training and mentoring of these students. This program provides students with international research experiences that prepare them to operate successfully in a global environment and encourages them to stay in areas of science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) that are crucial for our modern, technology-dependent society. We will present the history, goals and outcomes in both physics results and student success that have come from this program. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00023: Rubidium Spectroscopy with an External Cavity Diode Laser Charity Burgess, R. Seth Smith A homebuilt external cavity diode laser (ECDL) was used to provide a very narrow range of laser wavelengths near 780 nm in order to study the structure of rubidium (Rb). The absorption spectrum of Rb was measured. This spectrum was subject to Doppler-broadening of the spectral lines. A technique known as Saturated Absorption Spectroscopy was employed to eliminate the effects of Doppler-broadening and to obtain a high resolution spectrum for Rubidium. The setup, operation, and performance of this system will be described. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00024: UV and Heating Effects on CR-39 Etch Parameters with Spectral Analysis of CR-39 in the UV-Vis-NIR Christopher McLauchlin, Kenneth Dodge, James McLean, Stephen Padalino, Michelle Burke, Craig Sangster CR-39 plastic is a common ion detector used in nuclear experiments. High-energy charged particles leave tracks of chemical damage along their path, which form pits when etched with NaOH. It has been found that exposure to UV light after ion exposure enhances the etch rate in both the bulk material as well as along the latent track while maintaining a constant track-to-bulk etch rate ratio. The addition of heat was found to dramatically increase the etch rates by a factor of five, although at higher temperatures pits became irregular in shape. The spectral reflection and transmission of CR-39 for wavelengths between 200nm and 2500nm for various thicknesses of plastic were measured. Using an exponential decay model for absorption the decay depth was calculated from the gathered data. CR-39 was found to be nearly transparent for light between 400nm to 1100nm while strong absorption was present for UV light shorter than 400nm. The reflection of CR-39 was found to be relatively constant averaging at 7{\%}. An anomalous dispersion feature was found centered at 290nm. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00025: ABSTRACT WITHDRAWN |
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D1.00026: Data Quality Control and Maintenance for the Qweak Experiment Nicholas Heiner, Damon Spayde The Qweak collaboration seeks to quantify the weak charge of a proton through the analysis of the parity-violating electron asymmetry in elastic electron-proton scattering. The asymmetry is calculated by measuring how many electrons deflect from a hydrogen target at the chosen scattering angle for aligned and anti-aligned electron spins, then evaluating the difference between the numbers of deflections that occurred for both polarization states. The weak charge can then be extracted from this data. Knowing the weak charge will allow us to calculate the electroweak mixing angle for the particular Q$^{\mathrm{2}}$ value of the chosen electrons, which the Standard Model makes a firm prediction for. Any significant deviation from this prediction would be a prime indicator of the existence of physics beyond what the Standard Model describes. After the experiment was conducted at Jefferson Lab, collected data was stored within a MySQL database for further analysis. I will present an overview of the database and its functions as well as a demonstration of the quality checks and maintenance performed on the data itself. These checks include an analysis of errors occurring throughout the experiment, specifically data acquisition errors within the main detector array, and an analysis of data cuts. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00027: Observations of Jupiter and the Sun using Radio JOVE at Francis Marion University Ryan Brown, Jeanette Myers The Radio JOVE project sponsored by NASA allows for a hands-on learning experience with Radio Astronomy. Results will be presented of data collected for the Sun and Jupiter using a dual-dipole antenna and a Radio JOVE receiver at the Observatory of Francis Marion University in Florence, SC. Verification of data collected by comparison with other radio antenna will be provided. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00028: Numerical Model Simulation of Atmosphere above A.C. Airport Tiffany Lutes, Joseph Trout In this research project, the Weather Research \& Forecasting (WRF) model from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) is used to investigate past and present weather conditions. The Atlantic City Airport area in southern New Jersey is the area of interest. Long-term hourly data is analyzed and model simulations are created. By inputting high resolution surface data, a more accurate picture of the effects of different weather conditions will be portrayed. Currently, the impact of gridded model runs is being tested, and the impact of surface characteristics is being investigated. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00029: Bucking Coil Efficiency Correction for 5'' PMT Exposed to an External Magnetic Field Anthony Llodra, Joerg Reinhold This research was conducted in support of the Hall C upgrade activities at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab). We propose to employ bucking coils in order to maximize the collection efficiency of the 5'' PMTs installed on the Cherenkov detector, which could potentially be exposed to external magnetic field produced by the Super Conducting Super High Momentum Spectrometer (SHMS) magnet. In this research project a 5'' PMT was placed in a light tight cylinder with a fiber optic cable. The cylinder was centered within a set of Helmholtz coils to produce a constant external magnetic field. Furthermore, the cylinder was wrapped with 20 coils of standard 12 gauge cable to act as the bucking coil. With the intensity of the LED source, and the magnitude of the external magnetic field fixed at a carefully determined value, data was taken to determine if the collection efficiency of the PMT was indeed affected. With a decrease in collection efficiency confirmed, further data were taken. A range of current (0-6 A) was applied to the bucking coils, while ADC spectra were analyzed in intervals of 0.25 A. The data indicated that in an external magnetic field of approximately 3 Gauss, the 5'' PMT collection efficiency is maximized with the bucking coil current set to approximately 3.5 A. Thus, the data conclusively indicates that the bucking coil system will indeed maximize the collection efficiency of the 5'' PMT. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00030: Unfolding the Boosted Top Quark Differential Cross Section Danielle Berish, Matthew Bellis The high energy of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN makes possible the measurement of differential cross sections of the production of the top quark at higher momentum than previous studies. This provides a probe for tests of new physics. We used data from the CMS detector from the 2012, 8 TeV run. In these studies it is important to properly correct for efficiency and bias by using an unfolding process. We present a test of the robustness of the RooUnfold package, both the procedure in general and more specifically as it applies to the top quark measurement. The current status of the differential cross section measurement will be presented. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00031: Search for Dark Matter at CMS using Razor Kinematic Variables Natalie Harrison, Maria Spiropulu, Javier Duarte, Cristian Pena A search for dark matter (DM) production at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is performed using razor kinematic variables. The analysis uses 19.5 fb$^{-1}$ of data~recorded by the CMS experiment~from proton-proton collisions at a center of~mass energy of sqrt(s) $=$ 8 TeV. The results are interpreted using an effective field theory framework where the mediator between the DM and standard model (SM) sectors is very heavy compared to the energy reach of the LHC. Limits on the cutoff scale, $\Lambda $, are set as a function of the DM candidate which under some assumptions can be converted into DM-nucleon cross sections limits and compared to direct and indirect detection experiments. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00032: Charged Fusion Product Detector Study Carlos Lopez Plasmas are hot ionized gases which may be manipulated by electromagnetic fields in machines called tokamaks, which are experimental reactors created to harness energy when fusion occurs in said plasma. In order to study instabilities within the tokamak plasma, the trajectories of protons were studied with an array of silicon surface barrier detectors. The collection efficiency of the detectors was analyzed in order to make more accurate calculations, where particular attention was paid to the solid angle of acceptance, or the angular distribution through which particles would enter into the detector. Monte Carlo simulations were coded and implemented in the Python language, where a point on the grid acted as a source which one million data points shot at the plane of the detector. The ratio of the hits versus the misses was calculated for varying positions of the source relative to the plane of the detector. These results were compared to an alpha particle spectroscopy experiment, where a radiation source emitting alpha particles was placed at varying positions relative to the detector. The counting rate of the detector was then observed when it was exposed to the source, and this along with the Monte Carlo results were implemented into an efficiency calculation. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00033: Derivation of the Biot-Savart law from Coulomb's law and implications for gravity Daniel Zile, James Overduin We explore links between classical electromagnetism and general relativity in the low-velocity, weak-field limit. We show that it is possible to derive the Biot-Savart law for magnetism from Coulomb's law for electrostatics by moving to a boosted frame and applying the force transformation law from special relativity. We then apply the same transformation to Newton's law of gravitation, obtaining a gravitational analog of the magnetic field with units of spin. This field turns out to be two-thirds of the geodetic precession predicted by general relativity theory, a prediction that has recently been verified experimentally by the Gravity Probe B satellite. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00034: Characterization of a Spontaneous Parametric Downconversion Source for Use in Single Photon Tests of Quantum Mechanics Preston Alexander, Jackson McDonld, Jason Harrington, R. Seth Smith During the past year, a quantum optics laboratory was constructed and tested at Francis Marion University. A spontaneous parametric downconversion source was used to create pairs of correlated photons for use in single photon tests of quantum mechanics. Photons from a spontaneous parametric downconversion source were detected with single photon counting modules that were purchased through the Advanced Laboratory Physics Association (ALPHA). The effect of pump polarization on the output intensity was studied. Coincidences between pairs of correlated photons were counted and plotted as a function of the angle between the single photon detectors, in order to perform a test of Conservation of Momentum. The laboratory will be used to perform single photon tests of quantum mechanics, including the Grangier experiment, single photon interference, quantum state measurement, and tests of local realism. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00035: Optimization of the search for three jet resonances in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV Julia Gonski, Eva Halkiadakis, Claudia Seitz An analysis of the search for stealth supersymmetry (SUSY) in three b jet decay and minimal missing E$_T$ signatures is presented. Data from proton-proton collisions produced at the LHC and collected with the CMS detector during the 2012 run is used, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.4 $fb^{-1}$. Though the search is model independent, optimization is performed assuming sbottom pair production decaying to three b jets and missing E$_{T}$ with an intermediary stealth particle. Given the high multiplicity of b jets in the final state, examining signal significance for different numbers of b tags per event can yield a more efficient selection. Preliminary results are shown assuming this stealth SUSY scenario. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00036: Virial Coefficients for the Liquid Argon Micheal Korth, Saesun Kim We begin with a geometric model of hard colliding spheres and calculate probability densities in an iterative sequence of calculations that lead to the pair correlation function. The model is based on a kinetic theory approach developed by Shinomoto [Phys. Lett A, 89, 19 (1982)], to which we added an interatomic potential for argon based on the model from Aziz [J. Chem. Phys. 99, 4518 (1993)]. From values of the pair correlation function at various values of density, we were able to find viral coefficients of liquid argon. The low order coefficients are in good agreement with theoretical hard sphere coefficients [Condens. Matter Phys. 15(2), 23004:1 (2012)], but appropriate data for argon to which these results might be compared is difficult to find. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00037: Computational Study of Low Energy Nuclear Scattering from Metal Nuclei Danelle Jaramillo, Ajit Hira, Jose Pacheco, Justin Salazar We continue our interest in the interactions between different nuclear species with a computational study of the scattering of the low-energy nuclei of H through F atoms $\left( {Z\le 9} \right)$ from Palladium, Nickel and other metals. First, a FORTRAN computer program was developed to compute stopping cross sections and scattering angles in Pd and other metals for the small nuclear projectiles, using Monte Carlo calculation. This code allows for different angles of incidence. Next, simulations were done in the energy interval from 10 to 140 keV. The computational results thus obtained are compared with relevant experimental data. The data are further analyzed to identify periodic trends in terms of the atomic number of the projectile. Such studies have potential applications in nuclear physics and in nuclear medicine. [Preview Abstract] |
(Author Not Attending)
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D1.00038: Hardy's test for local realism Quynh Nguyen, Aurelio Dregli We demonstrated the violation of Bell inequality using entangled photons produced by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The experiment is based on a local realism test originally proposed by Lucien Hardy. Polarized entangled photons is produced in down-conversion through a pair of beta barium borate crystals. Polarization is adjusted by half wave plates and quartz plates. Single photons travel down two separate paths, each pass through a half-wave plate and a broad band polarizing beam splitter. Light from the beam splitter is collected by lens and focused into optic fibers that direct light into a single photon counting module. Coincidence counting is done using time-to-amplitude converter/single-channel-analyzer units. The probabilities in Bell-Clauser-Horne inequality is calculated by the ratio of the measured coincidence counts on the transmitted laser beams to the total number of coincidence. The counting is done by a LabVIEW program. We find the data to violate local realism by 30 standard deviation. The experiment is based on straight forward quantum mechanical calculations and experimental techniques more accessible to undergraduate students than other methods of testing Bell inequalities. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00039: HISTORY OF PHYSICS |
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D1.00040: Why Do We Believe the Speed of Light is an Invariant of Nature? Felix T. Smith We believe it, obviously, because we believe in relativity, and Einstein based his treatment of relativity on what he named ``The Principle of Constancy of the Velocity of Light.'' From Einstein's own writings between 1905 and about 1912 we know that in defining what this meant he was concerned especially about two issues: One was to deny the notion that the transmission of light required a privileged ``ether'' frame; the other was that the velocity of a light signal measured by an observer is independent of the velocity of the source that emitted the signal with respect to the observer. In relativity Einstein's two Principles made a handy brief basis from which he could deduce the requirement of covariance under the transformations of the Lorentz group. These transformations had been developed earlier by Lorentz to conform with the results of experiments, without requiring constancy of $c$. The Lorentz group only requires that $c$ be an upper bound greater than all observed particle or signal velocities. The assumption of its invariance over cosmological time seems justified mostly by its convenience as a teaching and mnemonic oversimplification. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00041: NATIONAL FACILITIES |
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D1.00042: Evaluating the Field Emission Characteristics of Aluminum for DC High Voltage Photo-Electron Guns Rhys Taus, Matthew Poelker, Eric Forman, Abdullah Mamun High current photoguns require high power laser light, but only a small portion of the laser light illuminating the photocathode produces electron beam. Most of the laser light ($\sim$ 65\%) simply serves to heat the photocathode, which leads to evaporation of the chemicals required to create the negative electron affinity condition necessary for photoemission. Photocathode cooling techniques have been employed to address this problem, but active cooling of the photocathode is complicated because the cooling apparatus must float at high voltage. This work evaluates the field emission characteristics of cathode electrodes manufactured from materials with high thermal conductivity: aluminum and copper. These electrodes could serve as effective heat sinks, to passively cool the photocathode that resides within such a structure. However, literature suggests ``soft'' materials like aluminum and copper are ill suited for photogun applications, due to excessive field emission when biased at high voltage. This work provides an evaluation of aluminum and copper electrodes inside a high voltage field emission test stand, before and after coating with titanium nitride (TiN), a coating that enhances surface hardness. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00043: PUBLIC POLICY |
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D1.00044: Fairy-Tale Physics Farewell to Reality Bankrupting Physics: Baggott-Unzicker-Jones Critiques Shame Physics' Shameless Media-Hype P.R. Spin-Doctoring Touting Sci-Fi Veracity-Abandonment ``Show-Biz'' Spectacle: Caveat Emptor!!! Edward Siegel Baggott[Farewell to Reality: How Fairy-Tale Physics Betrayed Search For Scientific Truth]-Unzicker [Bankrupting Physics: How Top Scientists Are Gambling Away Credibility] shame physics shameless rock-star media-hype P.R. spin-doctoring veracity-abandoning touting sci-fi show-biz aided by online proliferation of uncritical pop-sci science-writers verbal diarrhea, all spectacle vs little truth, lacking Kant-Popper skepticism/ falsification, lemming-like stampedes to truth abandonment, qualified by vague adverbs: might, could, should, may,\textellipsis vs factual is! Physics, motivated by financial greed, swept up in its very own hype, touts whatever next big thing/cutting-edge bombast ad infinitum/ad nauseum, turning it into mere trendy carney sideshow, full of fury(FOF) but signifying absolutely nothing! Witness: GIGO claims string-theory holographic-universe causes cuprates optical conductivity; failed Anderson RVB cuprates theory vs. Keimer discovery all cuprates ``paramagnons'' bosons aka Overhauser SDWs; Overbye NYT holographic-universe jargonial-obfuscation comments including one from APS journals editor-in-chief re. its unintelligibility, FOF but signifying absolutely nothing INTELLIGIBLE!; Bak/BNL SOC tad late rediscovery of F$=$ma mere renaming of Siegel acoustic-emission!; 2007 physics Nobel-prize Fert-Gruenberg rediscovery of Siegel[JMMM 7,312(78); https://www.flickr.com/search/?q$=$GIANT-MAGNETORESISTANCE] GMR. Each trendy latest big thing modulo lack of prior attribution aka out and out bombastic chicanery! Siegel caveat emptor ``Buzzwordism, Bandwagonism, Sloganeering for Fun Profit Survival Ego'' sociological-dysfunctionality thrives! [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00045: EDUCATION |
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D1.00046: Do we need to improve teaching style in physics to get more students in physics? Samina Masood We give a qualitative analysis based on the interaction with students from different communities that how the social and cultural values can deeply affect the young population and their priorities in life. Also the educational strategies and teaching methods have to be changed according to the demographic situations and the needs of corresponding students. Most of the known facts in this regard are accepted as realities however, some further modifications are still required and some of them have to be taken back to fulfil the requirements of the individual subjects. We specially focus on physics students and describe about their requirements based on their background. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00047: Development of a turn-key cloud chamber in collaboration with non-academic science enthusiasts Jessica Muenkel, Meghan Harrington, Matthew Bellis, Ariel Waldman, Nathan Bergey, Ivan Cooper, Juliane Bombosch Science Hack Day is an event that brings together scientists and science enthusiasts for 24 hours to ``hack'' a science project. These events serve two purposes. The first and most obvious is to provide a structured environment for science outreach. Academics and researchers have the opportunity for ``boots-on-the-ground'' interactions with the general public. The second purpose, though more challenging, is to enable science enthusiasts to donate their skills so that they are able to push back to educators and researchers in a fashion that that benefits their work. We discuss our experiences at the 2013 San Francisco Science Hack Day at the California Academy of Sciences. We worked with attendees of the conference to create a cloud chamber that worked with Peltier thermocoolers, rather than dry ice. In this fashion, we educated attendees about radiation and particle physics, while also benefitting from the experience and knowledge of the attendees in constructing the device. This ``turn-key'' cloud chamber is now in use at Siena College as an outreach and educational device. The properties of this device and the story of its construction will be presented. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00048: Definition of the Neutrosophic Probability Measure Florentin Smarandache The neutrosophic probability measure is a mapping: \[ NP:X\to \left[ {0,1} \right]^{3} \] where $X$ is a neutrosophic sample space (i.e. $X$ is a sample space that contains some indeterminacy), \[ NP\left( A \right)=\left( {ch\left( A \right),ch\left( {indeterm_{A} } \right),ch\left( {\overline A } \right)} \right), \] where \textit{ch(A)} is the chance that event $A$ occurs$, $\textit{ch(indeterm}$_{A})$ is the indeterminate chance related to occurrence of $A$, and $ch\left( {\overline A } \right)$is the chance that $A$ does not occur, such that: $NP\left( X \right)=\left( {\alpha ,\beta ,\gamma } \right),$ where $^{\mathrm{-}}$0 $\le \quad \alpha \quad + \quad \beta \quad + \quad \gamma \quad \le $ 3$^{\mathrm{+}}$, and $^{\mathrm{-}}$0 $\le \quad \alpha $, $\beta $, $\gamma $ $\le $ 1$^{\mathrm{+}}$. \[ NP\left( {A\cup B} \right)=\left( {ch\left( A \right)+ch\left( B \right),ch\left( {indeterm_{A\cup B} } \right),ch\left( {\overline {A\cup B} } \right)} \right) \] for $A\cap B=\Phi $, and for infinite unions \[ NP\left( {\bigcup\limits_{n\ge 0} {A_{n} } } \right)=\left( {\sum\limits_{n\ge 0} {ch\left( {A_{n} } \right)} ,ch\left( {indeterm} \right)=0.10,ch\left( {\bigcup\limits_{n\ge } {\overline {A_{n} } } } \right)} \right) \] for $A_{n} $ disjoint two by two that lie in the neutrosophic sigma-algebra of events. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00049: Preparing physics students for careers outside of academia Kendra Redmond, Roman Czujko, Toni Sauncy Most undergraduate physics programs focus on preparing students for physics graduate school, but in reality around 40\% of physics bachelor's degree recipients go directly into the workforce. In response to calls for more STEM workers and a desire to see more students of all ambitions benefit from a physics education, the American Institute of Physics has been exploring how physics departments can better prepare their students to enter the STEM workforce after the bachelor's degree, and how students can better prepare themselves to enter the STEM workforce. This poster will include results from this NSF-funded Career Pathways Project, including an overview of common features of departments that successfully prepare students to enter the workforce and a career toolbox we have created for physics students. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00050: Learning Physics by Experiment: I. Falling Objects Saami J. Shaibani As a rule, students enjoy conducting experiments in which the practical aspects are straightforward and well-defined. This also applies even when there is no anticipated result for students to ``prove.'' A laboratory exercise with such properties was created for students to undertake in a completely blind manner, and they happily proceeded without any knowledge at all of what they might expect to find. The philosophy developed for the research in this paper expands the pioneering approach formulated some half century ago [1] and successfully employed more recently [2]. In the present era of differentiated instruction (DI) being implemented in a diversity of educational settings, the design of the subject experiment is especially significant for its inclusive nature and for the positive outcomes it produces for less academically capable students. All students benefit from such an environment because it preempts the wasted effort of undue manipulation and it removes the need to contrive agreement with a textbook via irregular attempts at reverse engineering.\\[4pt] [1] curricula devised by Nuffield Foundation; \\[0pt] [2] Announcer, 34 (2), 164 (2004). [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00051: Building a Low Cost Solar Oven: An Opportunity to Teach Thermodynamics Ana Nogueira We suggested building a solar oven using cardboard boxes, glass wool and metal plate as part of a school project permeated by the discussion of physical concepts. The main topics addressed are from the heat and thermodynamics areas, and for these themes we followed the standard books used in high school. We can work in a practical manner with the thermometer, along with the concept of temperature, measuring the temperature of the oven when cooking. To discuss how the oven works, we introduce the concept of heat as an energy flow of a body with a higher temperature to one with lower temperature. Threads as heat capacity and specific heat of a substance are introduced, also discussing the use of glass wool, which function is to prevent heat exchange from the oven's interior with the environment. It is possible to demonstrate the three forms of heat transfer using the solar oven, and how the greenhouse effect is harnessed. One can discuss topics such as electromagnetic radiation, black-body radiation and the Stefan-Boltzmann law. We surveyed the response curve of our oven and an estimate of its total solar energy absorption efficiency. The development of this project allows a good understanding of the operation principles of a solar oven. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00052: POSTDEADLINE |
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D1.00053: Reconstructing the vector-like top partner from fully hadronic events Martin Stoll, Motoi Endo, Koichi Hamaguchi, Kazuya Ishikawa Vector-like top partners are predicted by Little Higgs models, appear in loops in extensions to supersymmetric models or are part of effective BSM models. After mixing with third generation quarks, decay channels are $t'\rightarrow t h$, $t'\rightarrow t Z$ and $t' \rightarrow b W^+$. Vector-like tops have been subject to recent searches at the LHC where final-state leptons were used to suppress the large QCD backgrounds and exclusion bounds are $m_{t'}>700-800$ GeV. We propose a new method to kinematically reconstruct vector-like tops from fully hadronic final states at the LHC Run II. We expect more signal events because the branching ratio $t\rightarrow$ hadrons is large. However efficient rejection of the overwhelmingly large backgrounds is crucial. Jet unclustering / substructure methods prove useful here and we employ them (HEPTopTagger and BDRS Higgs tagger) to reconstruct boosted $t$ and $h$ from the heavy $t'$ decay. We investigate different parameters for the mass and branching ratios of $t'$. A good signal-to-background ratio is found and it is shown that kinematic reconstruction of the top partner and even a mass measurement are possible. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00054: Fast Frequency-Domain Waveforms for Generic Spin Configurations Antoine Klein, Nicolas Yunes, Neil Cornish We present a family of frequency-domain gravitational waveforms for precessing binaries valid for generic spin configurations and magnitudes. These waveforms are fast to generate and provide excellent agreement with time-domain waveforms computed via a discrete Fourier transform. They can be computed for any solution of the binary's equations of motion, and provide a realistic solution for the search for generic precessing binaries in gravitational wave data analysis, due to their low computational cost. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00055: Fueling the Brightest AGN: Characterizing Their Hot Gas Environments and the Accretion of Cooling Gas Onto Their SMBHs Michael Calzadilla, Christine Jones, Felipe Andrade-Santos, Dan Evans, William Forman, Andy Goulding, Reinout van Weeren Over their lifetimes, Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) switch from a radiatively bright QSO phase to a radiatively dim phase, where most of their energy output is in the form of mechanical feedback (Churazov et al. 2005). For Supermassive Black Holes (SMBHs) in the cores of galaxy clusters, it is clear cooling cluster gas is sufficient to fuel the observed AGN outbursts. However, the question of fueling an AGN outburst in a poorer environment is not so clear. We present Chandra observations for five powerful radio sources selected from the 3CRR catalog and not in rich clusters, and compare their X-ray characteristics to their radio morphologies. We find that hot gaseous atmospheres surrounding these AGN are common, and that cooling flows are present in three of our sources. Our results indicate that the cooling gas surrounding the AGN and stellar mass loss are sufficient to fuel these AGN, and thus that galaxy mergers are not required to supply the accreting gas. In addition, our measured Eddington ratios for the SMBHs suggest that the source 3C47 is in transition from radiatively bright to radiatively dim, which can provide further insight into how AGN evolve. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00056: Dwarf Galaxy Constraints on Self-Interacting Dark Matter Benjamin Woodall, Casey Watson We examine the transition from the primordial, cuspy NFW halos of dwarf galaxies found in simulations to the observed density profiles of today's Milky Way dwarf galaxies in the context of self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) models. Based on the requirement that the elastic scattering of the SIDM removes the cusp mass of each dwarf galaxy, we find $\sigma $/m \textless 0.06 cm$^{\mathrm{2}}$/g, even in the least restrictive case (Leo II). These constraints rule out the range of values favored to remove the cusps of larger galaxies in recent simulations: 0.1 cm$^{\mathrm{2}}$/g \textless $\sigma $/m \textless 1 cm$^{\mathrm{2}}$/g. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00057: Scaling Relationships between the Primordial NFW and Presently Observed Dark Matter Halos of Milky Way Dwarf Galaxies Brian Barry, Casey Watson By comparing the primordial, cuspy NFW halos of dwarf galaxies found in simulations to the observed density profiles of several Milky Way dwarf galaxies, we are able to quantify the severity of the well-known core-cusp problem on a galaxy-by-galaxy basis. We establish scaling relationships between the cusp mass and the observed core radius and core density of the best-fit Burkert profiles for these dwarf galaxies, and show that dark matter annihilation cannot remove the excess cusp mass without violating current constraints on the dark matter annihilation cross section. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00058: The Theoretical Basis for and Implications of Observed Scaling Relations between the Primordial NFW and Presently Observed Dark Matter Halos of Milky Way Dwarf Galaxies Joshua Monroe, Casey Watson We examine empirical scaling relationships between the cusp mass of Milky Way dwarf galaxies and the core radius and core density of their best-fit Burkert profiles. We explore the theoretical underpinnings of these relationships and discuss the insights they provide regarding the formation and evolution of dwarf galaxy dark matter halos. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00059: A Simple Scaling Relationship for the Dark Matter Surface Density Enclosed within Symmetrical Detector Fields of View Jonathon Spaw, Casey Watson We show that the dark matter surface density enclosed within any field of view (FoV) that is symmetrically oriented about the center of a dark matter halo is linearly proportional to the angular extent of the FoV. We verify our result numerically, and discuss its implications for assessing the strength of the dark matter constraints that can be imposed by a given target galaxy. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00060: The Universal NFW Dark Matter Halo of Simulated Dwarf Galaxies Syed Salik, Casey Watson Analyzing the results of recent N-body simulations, we find that there is an approximately universal, initial, NFW dark matter halo for dwarf galaxies, with concentration parameters ranging from 8 \textless c \textless 15 and a corresponding virial mass of 2.5 \underline {}$+$ 0.5 x 10$^{\mathrm{9}}$ M$_{\mathrm{\Theta }}$. Using additional relationships between the core and virial masses of simulated dark matter halos, we determine the scale radius and central density values of the universal density profile: r$_{\mathrm{s}} \quad =$ 2.25 \underline {}$+$ 0.35 kpc and $\rho _{\mathrm{s}} \quad =$ 1.4 \underline {}$+$ 0.35 x 10$^{\mathrm{-2}}$ M$_{\mathrm{\Theta }}$ pc$^{\mathrm{-3}}$. [Preview Abstract] |
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