Bulletin of the American Physical Society
2006 APS April Meeting
Saturday–Tuesday, April 22–25, 2006; Dallas, TX
Session D1: Poster Session |
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Room: Hyatt Regency Dallas Marsalis Hall B, 2:00pm - 5:00pm |
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D1.00001: GRAVITATION POSTERS |
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D1.00002: ABSTRACT WITHDRAWN Hyeok-Je Jeong This abstract was withdrawn. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00003: Unifying Gravity and EM in Detail Douglas Sweetser Unify gravity and EM with the simplest asymmetric field strength tensor: \[S_{GEM}=\int\sqrt{-g}d^4 x(-(J_q^{\nu}-J_m^{\nu}) A_{\nu}-\frac{1}{4c^2}\nabla^{\mu}A^{\nu}\nabla_{\mu}A_{\nu})\] Particles with equal charges but different masses move differently, so mass charge breaks EM gauge symmetry. The field equations arise by varying the action with respect to the 4-potential, the metric is fixed up to a diffeomorphism. \[J_q^{\nu}-J_m^{\nu}=\nabla_{\mu}\nabla^{\mu}A^{\nu}\] With a constant potential, the exponential Rosen metric solves the field equations consistent with current tests of gravity, but predicts 0.7 $\mu$arcseconds more bending around the Sun than the Schwarzschild metric of GR. All supporting calculations are done in detail. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00004: Nuclear Quantum Gravitation and General Relativity Compared Ronald Kotas Nuclear Quantum Gravitation has 18 proofs and indications with a reasonable, non-fallacious explanation stating Gravity and Gravitation are electromagnetic and alternating, functioning in nuclei and alternating electromagnetic coupling between nuclei and other nuclei in other masses. This is according to Maxwell, Quantum, and Newtonian Laws. Nuclear Quantum Gravitation passes the Cavendish test. With the 18 proofs and indications of NQG it is clear that Gravity and Gravitation are electromagnetic and thoroughly explained by the Nuclear Quantum Gravitation theory. In comparison, General Relativity pictures mass somehow effects ``Time-Space'' about the mass, producing gravity about that mass. This is not described as an electromagnetic effect, but as a geometric function; the changing of geometry about mass. GR lists as a proof the bending of light in the area near the Sun. However, recently it was observed that the temperature of the Sun's corona is in the millions of degrees, and thus the bending of light and other electromagnetic radiation is caused by the refraction effects of the corona and heliosphere; NOT GR. The other ``proofs'' of GR are not definitive, and no one has yet explained the ``somehow'' of GR. General Relativity fails the Cavendish experiment and cannot account for the attractions between masses. It should be realized that Nuclear Quantum Gravitation provides a coherent, factual, scientific and direct physical explanation of Gravity and Gravitation thus Unifying the Physical Forces. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00005: A Model for an Object Created Hyeok-Je Jeong Before going into the model treated here, it is need to know the nature of energy. Energy itself is active and constantly move. This fact results in the phenomenon of energy spread. The phenomenon of energy spread is under the law of energy conservation. For confining energy, additional energy is required. Suppose there were gathered energies for some reason. Creation of some objects is the result of the gathered energy and energy spread. In the case where a new object is more stable, after some fluctuation, energy from the object goes away so that a new object remains behind. For this, the enegy, E, larger than the sum of energy barrier, Eb, and the difference between the energy state of the object and initial energy state, dE, is required. E $>$ Eb+dE Thus, a new object is created. It is an irreversible process. Adaptation is a sort of creation with no energy barrier. In the case where there is no energy source near the object, the created object is relatively inactive one. This is matter. To reduce the increased energy state due to gravitation, matters gather. In the case where there is an energy source near matters, a new object can be created around or within the matters. The created object will be active. This is life. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00006: Indirect determination of conservative self forces and orbital evolution Lior M. Burko We compare the corrections to Kepler's law with orbital evolution under a self force, and find the finite, already regularized part of the latter in a specific gauge. We apply this method to a quasi-circular orbit around a Schwarzchild black hole for an extreme mass ratio binary, and determine the first- and second-order gravitational self force in a post Newtonian expansion. Specifically, we find the part of the self-force that is quadratic in the mass ratio to 2PN order, and the part that is cubic in the mass ratio to 1PN (including the Newtonian self force for either order of the self force). Next, we use these results to compute the orbital evolution including both dissipation and the PN conservative self force, and find the gravitational wave forms. Finally, we include spin-orbit coupling, and find that the orbit-integrated conservative spin effects are comparable in magnitude to the conservative self force effects on the waveforms, even though the leading post Newtonian order of the former (1.5PN) is higher than that of the latter. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00007: A Newtonian Description of the Time Delay of Radar Echoes from Venus Alan Martinez, Gary Hunter, James Espinosa After World War II, the advent of powerful radar transmitters made possible a fourth test of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity. I. Shapiro and his research group bounced radar waves off Venus when it was located at its superior conjunction; they found a time delay of 240 $\mu $sec compared to the expected Newtonian result. We have developed a modified Newtonian law of gravity that correctly accounts for the classical tests of GR, as well as the time delay. We will show how our result should be interpreted as the bending of the light ray in Euclidean space and the slowing down of the speed of light near the surface of the Sun. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00008: Newtonian Radiation Gary Hunter, Alan Martinez, James Espinosa Einstein suggested three possible tests of his Theory of General Relativity: 1) bending of starlight by the Sun, 2) precession of Mercury's orbit, and 3) gravitational redshift of spectra. Experimental and observational results of these tests are in excellent agreement with GR. With the advent of alternative gravitational theories such as the Brans-Dicke model, other tests have been suggested including the Nordtvedt effect. We reinterpreted the three classical tests of Einstein and the Nordtvedt effect completely within the framework of Newtonian physics. We formulated a law of gravity that assumes this force travels at the speed of light and, when combined with Newton's second law, arrived at results identical to those of Einstein's theory: an angle of precession of 43.1" for the orbit of Mercury, a deflection angle of 1.75" arc seconds for light passing near the Sun, a gravitational redshift of 2.5x10$^{-15}$ for the Pound-Rebka experiment, and a null result for the Nordtvedt effect. We apply this modified law of gravity to a binary system and compare our results to those of General Relativity. The amount of radiation predicted by our theory agrees with GR but differs in its polarization. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00009: Order in Gravitation Potentially Linked to Evolution Shantilal Goradia Darwin, in the concluding remark of his text, On the Origin of Species (1859), referred to ``the fixed law of gravity'', which implies an assumption that the gravitational constant and the Newtonian the inverse square logic are potentially fixed. Therefore, they cannot influence evolution. My substantiation of the Dirac's Large Number Hypothesis (LNH) (In version 1 of http://www.arXiv.org/pdf/physics/0210040) predicting the decreasing value of gravitational constant theorizes that all coupling constants are increasing with time. This is also backed by the recent observations. Consequently, it is logical that the orderly increase of coupling constants imparts an orderly influence on mutations assumed uninfluenced otherwise. This orderly influence is unidirectional, clearly in the direction of increasing intelligence, looking at the evolutionary history, whether or not in the sense of a religion. On the horizon, I see that the order in gravitation is linked to the order in entropy as well. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00010: Title: General Relativistic Aspects of the Electron. Joseph D. Rudmin Some thoughts and calculations are presented involving the Gravitational Stress Energy Tensor, with implications for black holes, electromagnetic fields, and unification theories. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00011: ABSTRACT NOT AVAILABLE |
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D1.00012: Derivation of the cosmological constant from the physics of neutrino oscillations Ervin Goldfain Neutrinos are the lightest known leptons in the Universe. We start from the hypothesis that neutrinos are the predominant contributor to the cosmological vacuum and their oscillations are the sole detectable evidence for vacuum fluctuations on the cosmic scale. Let $\Delta m_{12}^2 =m_1^2 -m_2^2 $ represent the difference in mass squares for two consecutive neutrino mass eigenstates. Considering that there is roughly one quasi-particle of mass $\Delta m_{12} $ per each Compton wavelength cubed ($\lambda _c^3 \sim \Delta m_{12}^{-3} )$, the quantum expectation value of the vacuum density is given by \[ \rho _{\mbox{v}ac} \approx 10^{13}(\raise0.7ex\hbox{${\Delta m_{12} }$} \!\mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\Delta m_{12} } {m_{proton} }}}\right.\kern-\nulldelimiterspace}\!\lower0.7ex\hbox{${m_{proton} }$})^4(g/cc) \] Inserting the upper bounds on $\Delta m_{12} $ from neutrino physics experiments ($\Delta m_{12,sol}^2 <9.5\times 10^{-5}eV^2$, $\Delta m_{12,atm}^2 <4.8\times 10^{-3}eV^2)$, we derive \[ \rho _{\mbox{v}ac,sol} <1.165\times 10^{-31}(g/cc) \] \[ \rho _{\mbox{v}ac,atm} <2.973\times 10^{-28}(g/cc) \] These predictions agree well with recent supernova results [$\rho _{\mbox{v}ac} <6\times 10^{-30}(g/cc)$] and latest astrophysical data that place the ``observed'' cosmological constant at $\raise0.7ex\hbox{$\Lambda $} \!\mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {\Lambda {8\pi G}}}\right.\kern-\nulldelimiterspace}\!\lower0.7ex\hbox{${8\pi G}$}\approx (2\times 10^{-3}eV)^4$. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00013: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH POSTERS |
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D1.00014: Chaotic Ionization of Excited Hydrogen Atoms Near a Metal Surface Chris Crowe, Robert Haussman, Shayne Johnston A previously published analysis of classical chaos in hydrogen atoms located near a conducting wall [N.S. Simonovic, At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 30, L613 (1997)] is extended in two directions. First, a more realistic model for the metal surface potential is used, the potential being finite rather than infinite at the wall. Second, the presence of chaos is investigated by direct numerical evaluation of the electron trajectories rather than indirectly through interpretation of the electron Hamiltonian. A chaotic dependence of the wall capture time on the initial ejection angle from the nucleus is demonstrated under certain conditions, and the critical atom-surface distance for such chaotic ionization to occur is derived. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00015: Denoising of Nondestructive Examination Data Using Wavelet, Maximum Entropy, and Limited Differential Methods Nick Eckenstein, Jordan Johnston, Shayne Johnston, Aaron Diaz A simple and original denoising method, the ``limited differential method,'' has been developed. The algorithm is based on iterated local-pixel-averaging, and is very effective for large-amplitude speckled noise on a smoother background signal. For noise of this type, tests on both noisy two- dimensional images and noisy ultrasonic-scattering data volumes clearly demonstrate the superiority of the method relative to three more complicated standard methods: Fourier processing, wavelet denoising, and maximum-entropy reconstruction. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00016: PLASMA PHYSICS: BASIC, LASER AND NON-NEUTRAL PLASMA POSTERS |
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D1.00017: Undulator Induced Transparency in Magnetized Plasma: Microwave pulse compression and power switching Mikhail Tushentsov, Gennady Shvets Numerical modeling of a plasma-microwave interaction in the Undulator Induced Transparency (UIT) regime is presented. UIT is a phenomenon originating from the coupling between the transverse and the longitudinal electromagnetic waves (EM) in a magnetized plasma in the presence of a static helical magnetic undulator, which eliminates the absorption of an EM wave at the cyclotron frequency. This coupling yields ultra-slow hybrid EM waves with a group velocity substantially less than the speed of light in vacuum, causing extreme compression of the wave energy in the UIT plasma. Direct application of UIT to electron and ion acceleration is suitable because the polarization of the compressed waves is primarily longitudinal and their phase velocity is controllable by the undulator period. We are also envisioning a microwave pulse compressor in the plasma based on rapid change of plasma or undulator parameters. In the specific range of parameters the UIT medium exhibits a peculiar phenomenon where the wave with the slow group velocity is accompanied by the one with negative group velocity. The analytical model of the EM wave propagation in the inhomogeneous UIT medium (plasma column in the combined axial and undulator magnetic field) based on the vector WKB theory and amplitude scattering matrix description is developed and agrees well with the numerical modeling results. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00018: Results of magnetoactive laser produced plasma investigations. Vadim Belyaev Lifetime of the magnetic field generated in laser plasma is demonstrated to far exceed the laser-producing pulse duration. The theory of the pinch effect in laser plasma gains its development. The increase in density and temperature at pinching, as well as the long life of the magnetic field confining the hot plasma, are demonstrated to provide a possibility for the Lowson criterion of Break-even thermonuclear reaction to be realized in laser plasma. Here we offer our explanation of the dependence of the neutron yield from D-D fusion reactions on the laser radiation intensity and energy for the pico- and femtosecond laser pulse. With our laser plant, up to 2$\times $10$^{18}$ W/cm$^{2}$ intensity, we investigated the D-D fusion reaction neutron yield (up to 10$^{6}$ per a pulse). We also implemented p + $^{11}$B $\to $ 3$\alpha $ + 8.7 MeV reaction to investigate the $\alpha $-particle yield (up to 10$^{3}$ per a pulse) and spectral response. Further, we measured the plasma ion energy (temperature) distribution and noted the presence of a small group within the energy range of $\sim $ 1 MeV. We also noted a high-energy ion stream directed inward the target and here we suggest the mechanism of the movement of the sort. When investigating $\gamma +^{9}$Be $\to $ 2$\alpha $ + n reaction, we registered neutron yield of $\sim $ 3 $\div $ 7 per a pulse, estimated the share of the electrons and $\gamma $-quanta which occur in laser plasma with the energy of $\ge $ 2 MeV and are responsible for the implementation of this reaction. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00019: Partially Neutralized Plasmas in Penning Traps Carlos Ordonez Plasma confinement configurations involving partially neutralized plasmas in Penning traps have been identified recently [C. A. Ordonez, Phys. Rev. E 67 (2003) 046401; C. A. Ordonez, J. Appl. Phys. 94 (2003) 3732.]. The configurations are intriguing in that a plasma species is confined electrostatically as one component of a partially neutralized plasma. For example, an ion plasma can be confined within a three-dimensional electric potential well. As a result, the ion density is not limited by the severe ion density limit that normally occurs in Penning traps. For confinement of low-charge- state ions, the ion temperature must be smaller than the electron temperature. However, relatively long ion confinement times have been found to be possible because the equilibration of the ion temperature and the electron temperature is a slow collisional process due to the disparate masses involved. An overview of recent progress in developing an understanding of the confinement physics associated with the configurations is presented. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00020: Cross-Magnetic-Field Diffusion Due To Quasibound State Formation Yasin Ahat, Carlos Ordonez Classical trajectory simulations indicate that quasibound states of hydrogen (or antihydrogen) can form in low density magnetized plasmas [C. E. Correa, J. R. Correa, and C. A. Ordonez, Phys. Rev. E 72 (2005) 046406.]. Such quasibound states form at positive energies, where the energy of the two-particle system is defined to be zero when the electron and proton are at rest with infinite separation. The formation of quasibound states may affect the rate of diffusion of electrons across a magnetic field. Electron diffusion transverse to a magnetic field occurs, in part, because the guiding center position of an electron shifts with each binary interaction between an electron and a proton. The shift associated with a single binary interaction is normally not larger than a typical cyclotron radius. However, simulations indicate that a binary interaction that results in the formation of a quasibound state can cause a shift of the electron guiding center that is much larger than the cyclotron radius before the interaction. An assessment of the effect that the formation of quasibound states may have on electron cross-field diffusion is presented. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00021: Multicomponent WKB and Path Integrals A. S. Richardson, E. R. Tracy, N. Zobin, A. N. Kaufman By examining path integral methods for multicomponent wave equations in the presence of localized resonances, we are led to a new approach to multicomponent WKB. We are pursuing a new formalism, developed by N. Zobin, which should make it easier to identify uncoupled dispersion functions and polarizations, even in complicated geometry. As an example, a toroidally symmetric plasma is studied using a cold plasma model similar to that used in [1]. \\ \\ 1] A. N. Kaufman, E. R. Tracy, and A. J. Brizard, ``Helical rays in two- dimensional resonant wave conversion'', Phys. Plasma 12 (2005) 022101. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00022: Hamiltonian Closure and Symmetry P.J. Morrison, C.S. Jones To obtain fluid theories from kinetic theories requires some kind of closure. Closure can be approximate, as is the case for asymptotic expansions of kinetic theories with collision operators, or can be exact, as is the case for water bags and its generalizations. Collisionless kinetic theories are Hamiltonian and, consequently, this must also be the case for fluid equations obtained by exact closure. A procedure for obtaining exact Hamiltonian closure to all orders will be presented. Also, the manner in which symmetries of kinetic theory induce symmetries of fluid theory will be discussed, in both the exact and approximated contexts. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00023: Nonlinear Wave-Wave Interactions in Ion Density Fluctuations Spectrum Ilker Uzun-Kaymak, Fred Skiff For the phase-space resolved measurements of ion density fluctuations obtained by using Laser Induced Flourescence (LIF) diagnostics, nonlinear three-wave interactions are investigated via bispectrum and higher order spectral analysis methods. Previously, it has been observed that the fluctuation spectrum has a distinctive broad peak near the drift wave frequency ($\omega^{*}$) that can be dissected into two components in terms of their wavelength and ion particle velocity dependence\footnotemark[1]\footnotetext[1]{A.Diallo, F.Skiff, Phys. Plasmas,12(11),110701,2005}. Even though, one of these components is consistent with drift wave theory, the other has a short correlation length and ion particle velocity dependence, thereby, it is called 'kinetic component'. Opposed to what would be expected for a single broad spectrum, in higher order spectral calculations, nonlinear three wave interactions are observed for these spectral components satisfying resonance conditions. As the neutral pressure thus the ion-neutral collision frequency increase, we observe a certain threshold where the kinetic component vanishes from the cross power spectrum, in return, a new peak arises at the vicinity of second harmonic of $\omega^{*}$. Meanwhile, the bispectrum analysis proves us that the bispectral signature for these components also changes accordingly. One explanation for these spectral changes can be given in terms of modulation instability. This work is supported by U.S. DOE Grant No. DEFG02-99ER54543. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00024: Investigation of nonlinear kinetic effects induced by weak turbulencein Vlasov-Maxwell simulations of Backward Stimulated Raman Scattering A. Ghizzo, M. Albrecht-Marc, T. W. Johnston, T. Reveille, P. Bertrand, B. Afeyan We report here our recent results from semi-lagrangian Vlasov-Maxwell simulations which have been performed for homogeneous or inhomogeneous (parabolic) profiles over a long time. A major role is played by the conventional Backward Stimulated Raman Scattering (B-SRS) for only a short time, after what trapping effects induce a new kinetic regime dominated by self-organized and self-sustained phase space holes induced by EPW vortex merging and similar to Bernstein-Greene-Kruskal (BGK) equilibria. Optical mixing was considered in simulations that means the start of the instability (B-SRS) was controlled by the injection of a low-amplitude electromagnetic probe allowing by the noiseless character of the Vlasov code. A new parametric interaction mechanism was observed involving the scattering off of the probe light by BGK-like structures. These results shows also that the fluid-like behavior at early times of simulation becomes afterwards fully kinetic, invalidating a fluid approach based on a usual three-wave model in this regime. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00025: PLASMA PHYSICS: SPACE AND ASTROPHYSICAL PLASMA POSTERS |
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D1.00026: Origin of Rotating Ring Structures in the Strong Gravity of a Central Object. B. Coppi The origin of plasma rotating ring structures forming around a central object whose gravity is prevalent has been identified [1] through the analysis of thin equilibrium configurations that are immersed in a relatively weak external magnetic field and can carry internal toroidal currents. Unlike the case of the ``classical'' gaseous disk, in which the vertical equilibrium is maintained only by gravity, rings are maintained vertically by the Lorentz force and radially by gravity. The differential rotation is the sustaining factor of these ring structures and of the jets that may emerge from them. The rings are connected with the formation of a periodic sequence [2] of Field Reverse Configurations of the poloidal magnetic field, consisting of pairs of counter-streaming toroidal current channels. In magnetic field configurations that have been considered previously for accretion disks the magnetic field diffusion was assumed to be such that the Ferraro isorotation condition was not valid, while in our case it has a primary role. The relevant equilibria are not described by the Grad-Shafranov equation but by two non-linear coupled equations that have been solved analytically. These provide both the plasma pressure function and the magnetic surface function once a consistent plasma density function is chosen within a relatively narrow class. A two-fluid description of the same equilibria is given differentiating the relative roles of electrons and ions.[1] B. Coppi and F. Rousseau, \textit{to appear in Ap. J.}, April (2006). [2] B. Coppi, \textit{Phys. of Plasmas}, \textbf{12}, 057302 (2005). [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00027: Bifurcation Model for the Onset of Fast Magnetic Reconnection Paul Cassak, James Drake, Michael Shay, Bruno Eckhardt The mechanism triggering the onset of fast magnetic reconnection, the driver of solar eruptions and fusion device disruptions, has long been elusive. A catastrophe model for the explosive onset of fast magnetic reconnection has been proposed\footnote{P.~A.~Cassak, M.~A.~Shay, and J.~F.~Drake, Phys.~Rev.~Lett., 95, 235002 (2005).}. The crux of the model is that both the Sweet-Parker and Hall reconnection solutions are valid when the Sweet-Parker current sheet is thicker than the ion inertial length $d_{i}$, but the Sweet-Parker solution disappears catastrophically when the layer thins below $d_{i}$. Simulations confirm that the thinning of the current sheet occurs naturally during reconnection as convection increases the magnetic field just upstream of the dissipation region, eventually leading to explosive onset. We interpret the disappearance of the Sweet-Parker solution as a saddle-node bifurcation and confirm its signatures with simulations. Earlier numerical results have been extended to include a guide field. We explore the model's potential impact on the explosive onset of magnetic reconnection in solar eruptions and sawtooth crashes. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00028: The Vlasov-Einstein System T. Okabe, P.J. Morrison It is well-known that the Vlasov-Poisson system describes Newtonian self-gravitating matter, a usage that predates that of plasma physics. For strong interaction, general relativistic effects become important, and thus it is natural to consider the Vlasov-Einstein system, which is of interest because the matter field is more realistic than commonly used dust or perfect fluid models. New results on equilibria, stability, and nonlinear reductions will be discussed for this model in spherical symmetry, both with and without the cosmological constant. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00029: Non-axisymmetric three-dimensional modes in differentially rotating thin disks and rings Chris Crabtree, Bruno Coppi In the literature of the theory of differentially rotating magnetized plasmas around celestial objects whose gravity is prevalent, there are several approximations that are often invoked. Namely, 1) that the perturbation is symmetric about the axis of rotation, 2) that the plasma beta (the ratio of thermal energy density to magnetic energy density) is very high, and 3) that the fluid motion is incompressible. When axisymmetry is abandoned there are singularities where: 1) the Doppler shifted frequency of the mode corresponds to the frequency of the ``slow'' magnetosonic mode [1], which would be eliminated by the third assumption above, and 2) where the Doppler shifted mode frequency corresponds to the shear Alfven frequency. Because of several arguments including Cowling's theorem [2], which states that magnetic field dynamo generation cannot occur in two-dimensional motions, the non-axisymmetric three-dimensional modes [1] must be confronted. In addition, it is also reasonable to assume that the plasma beta cannot be large in disks from which jets emerge. In this work an attempt is made to consider three-dimensional modes (as were considered in Ref. [1]) for equilibrium configurations that have substantial toroidal currents. [1] B. Coppi \& P. S. Coppi, \textit{Ann. of Phys.} \textbf{291}, 134 (2001). [2] T. G. Cowling, \textit{MNRAS} \textbf{94}, 39 (1933). [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00030: Global Magneto-Rotational Instability (MRI) in Hall MHD Jesse Pino, Swadesh Mahajan, Vinod Krishan, Parvez Guzdar We derive the radial eigenmode equation for the linear (thin accretion disk) MRI within the framework of Hall Magnetohydrodynamics (HMHD). Eigenmodes are computed with a finite-differencing method, and the stability of these are compared to global MHD modes as well as the local approximation. In both MHD and HMHD the local analysis can give misleading conditions for instability as well as for the scaling of the frequency. In general the Hall current is stabilizing, however, parameter regimes exist where the Hall current can have a destabilizing effect. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00031: Plasma (Accretion) Disks with High Magnetic Energy Densities F. Rousseau, B. Coppi ``Corrugated'' plasma disks\footnote{B. Coppi and F. Rousseau, to be published in \textit{Astroph. J.}, April 2006} can form in the dominant gravity of a central object when the peak plasma pressure in the disk is of the same order as that of the pressure of the ``external'' magnetic field, while the magnetic field resulting from internal plasma currents is of the same order as the external field. The corrugation refers to a periodic variation of the plasma density in a region around the equatorial plane. The considered structure represents a transition between a ``classical'' accretion disk and a ``rings sequence'' configuration$^2$. The common feature of the ``corrugated'' and the ``rings sequence'' configurations is the ``crystal'' structure\footnote{B. Coppi, \textit{Phys. Plasmas} \textbf{12}, 057302 (2005).} of the magnetic surfaces that consist of a sequence of pairs of oppositely directed toroidal current density filaments. The connection between the characteristics of these configurations and those of the marginally stable ballooning modes that can be found in a model accretion disk\footnote{B. Coppi and P.S. Coppi, \textit{Phys. Rev. Letters} \textbf{87}, 051101 (2001).} is pointed out and analyzed. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00032: Magnetic reconnection in nontoroidal plasmas Allen Boozer Magnetic reconnection in solar and astrophysical plasmas differs fundamentally from the formation of magnetic islands that is characteristic of reconnection in toroidal plasmas. At any instant a generic magnetic field has only point nulls, which can be shown to imply that the evolution of a generic field is consistent, near each spatial point, with being embedded in a perfectly conducting fluid Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{88}, 215005 (2002). This result implies, in doubly periodic systems, that the nonideal evolution of the magnetic field lines is localized to surfaces on which the magnetic field lines close on themselves, the rational surfaces. That is, the rational surfaces split to form magnetic islands. Rational surfaces are not a credible explanation for reconnection in non-laboratory plasmas–-different mechanisms are required. We have shown Phys. Plasmas \textbf{12}, 070706, (2005) that the exponentially increasing separation of neighboring magnetic field lines, which is generic, tends to produce rapid magnetic reconnection if the length of the field lines is greater than about 20 times the exponentiation, or Lyapunov, length. This derivation and the importance of this result will be discussed. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00033: Kink Stability of MHD Equilibria with Line Tying Evstati Evstatiev, Gian Luca Delzanno, John Finn, Giovanni Lapenta We have studied the line-tied kink stability of cylindrical equilibria for applications to solar loops and flux core spheromak formation. Our semi-analytic formulation allows in principle for plasmas or arbitrary length and arbitrary current density profiles; it involves expansion in a series of basis function which are radial eigenfunctions, some with real $k_z$ and some for which $k_z$ is complex. The boundary conditions are applied on a set of radial grid points at the ends, or alternatively integrating over selected distributed basis functions. The dispersion relation is found from the determinant of the resulting matrix. For most cases, the matrix becomes prohibitively stiff for even a moderate number of basis functions. We have modified the process so that the boundary conditions at the ends overdetermine the basis function coefcients, and we therefore satisfy the boundary conditions in a least squares sense. The effectiveness of this approach will be discussed. We also show nonlinear simulations, leading to a nonlinearly saturated kink with topological changes due to magnetic reconnection. Results with stabilization due to hollow pressure profile, possibly related to collimation of astrophysical jets, will be shown. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00034: Shearing Box Simulations of the MRI in a Collisionless Plasma P. Sharma, G.W. Hammett, E. Quataert, J.M. Stone We describe local shearing box simulations of turbulence driven by the magnetorotational instability (MRI) in a collisionless plasma. Collisionless effects may be important in radiatively inefficient accretion flows, such as near the black hole in the Galactic Center. The MHD version of ZEUS is modified to evolve an anisotropic pressure tensor. A fluid closure approximation is used to calculate heat conduction along magnetic field lines. The anisotropic pressure tensor provides a qualitatively new mechanism for transporting angular momentum in accretion flows (in addition to the Maxwell and Reynolds stresses). We estimate limits on the pressure anisotropy due to pitch angle scattering by kinetic instabilities. Such instabilities provide an effective ``collision'' rate in a collisionless plasma and lead to more MHD-like dynamics. We find that the MRI leads to efficient growth of the magnetic field in a collisionless plasma, with saturation amplitudes comparable to those in MHD. In the saturated state, the anisotropic stress is comparable to the Maxwell stress, implying that the rate of angular momentum transport may be moderately enhanced in a collisionless plasma. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00035: A Fermi mechanism for the production of energetic electrons during magnetic reconnection J.F. Drake, M. Swisdak, H. Che, M.A. Shay The production of energetic electrons has been documented in observations of solar flares, magnetic reconnection in the Earth's magnetosphere and in laboratory fusion experiments yet the understanding of these widespread observations remains poor. Simulations reveal that magnetic reconnection with a guide field leads to the growth and dynamics of multiple magnetic islands rather than a single large x-line. Above a critical energy electron acceleration is dominated by the Fermi-like reflection of electrons within the resulting magnetic islands rather than by the parallel electric fields. Particles trapped within islands gain energy as they reflect from ends of contracting magnetic islands. A Fokker-Planck equation for the distribution of energetic particles similar to that developed in shock accelertion theory is obtained by averaging over the particle interaction with many islands. Steady state solutions in reconnection geometry result from convective losses balancing the Fermi drive. Distribution functions take the form of a powerlaw whose spectral index depends on the mean aspect-ratio of the islands. We show that the energy transfered to energetic electrons is linked to the magnetic energy released during reconnection. The model is consistent with several key solar and magnetospheric observations: the production of large numbers of energetic electrons and powerlaw distributions. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00036: Physics Modeling of Storms and Substorms with Solar Wind Data M. Leila Mays, Edmund Spencer, Wendell Horton, Isidoros Doxas We construct analytic solar wind signals using data from ACE for the Wang et al. Oct. 3-6 2000 event in which a fast forward shock advanced into a preceding magnetic cloud. We examine the response of the WINDMI model, an eight dimensional model of the solar wind driven magnetosphere-ionosphere system, to our analytic signals for this event. The auroral magnetometer AL signal result from the model driven by the analytic solar wind dynamo voltage captures the 8 substorms in the main phase of the storm. The model mid-latitude magnetometer D$_{st}$ signal used to quantify magnetospheric storms has the correct qualitative feature of a sharp rise for the expansion phase and a slower decay for the recovery phase. The role of the shock can be examined by using analytic signals in which the shock feature in the density, solar wind velocity, and magnetic field are tested individually. The shock near the end of the 42 hr magnetic cloud is shown to be largely responsible for the very large region 1 field aligned current surges associated with the $-AL > 1300 $nT peaks at the end of the main phase of the storm. We are performing similar analysis to study the role of three fast forward shock events associated with halo CMEs during the April 15-24 2002 geomagnetic storm. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00037: Ideal $m=1$ internal kink mode in line-tied screw pinch Yi-Min Huang, Ellen G. Zweibel, Carl R. Sovinec It is well known that the radial displacement of the $m=1$ internal kink mode in a periodic screw pinch has a steep jump at the resonant surface where $\mathbf{k} \cdot \mathbf{B}=0$. In a line-tied system, relevant to solar and astrophysical plasmas, the resonant surface is no longer a valid concept. It is then of interest to see how line-tying alters the result for a periodic system. If the line-tied kink also produces a steep gradient, it may lead to strong heating even with weak dissipation. Numerical solution of the eigenmode equations finds that the fastest growing kink mode in a line-tied system still possesses a jump in the radial displacement at the location coincident with the resonant surface of the fastest growing mode in the periodic counterpart. However, line-tying thickens the inner layer and reduces the growth rate. As the system length $L$ approaches infinity, both the inner layer thickness and the growth rate approach the periodic values. In the limit of small $\epsilon \sim B_\phi/B_z$, the critical length for instability $L_c \sim 1/\epsilon^3$. The relative increase in the inner layer thickness due to line-tying scales as $(1/\epsilon)(L_c/L)^{2.5}$. The nonlinear equilibrium after the onset of the kink instability is of greater interest. Work is in progress to solve the new equilibrium by a magnetofrictional relaxation method. To avoid reconnection due to numerical resistivity, we take a Lagrangian approach formulated in Clebsch coordinates. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00038: Ideal and resistive Suydam-like modes driven by axial and poloidal flows in a cylinder V.I. Pariev, V.V. Mirnov, S.C. Prager Experimental observation of magnetorotational instability (MRI) in high temperature lab plasmas is difficult because the strong magnetic field suppresses the MRI. However, in the vicinity of rational surfaces with $k_\parallel = 0$ magnetic perturbations are small, allowing for excitation of the modes similar to MRI. They are driven by the flow shear and stabilized by the magnetic shear that determines strong radial localization of perturbations. We consider a plasma cylinder with helical magnetic field and two different flows: pure axial flow $u_z (r)$ and pure poloidal (rotational) flow $u_\theta (r)= r\Omega(r)$. We reduce marginal stability criteria~[1] for the case of the large flow gradient and find that $u_\theta (r)$ can drive both a resonant compressible mode, if $r^2 |d\Omega/dr| \simeq c_s$, and an MRI-like mode, if $r^2 |d\Omega/dr| \simeq v_A$, while axial flow can generate only compressible instability, when $r |du_z /dr| \simeq c_s$ (the unstable band is very narrow). These results suggest that the instability from axial flow can possibly be observed in the Madison Symmetric Torus (MST) experiment if flow is driven (for example by biased electrodes). We also report results on resistive analog of this instability that becomes important if the flow is ideally stable. [1]~A. Bondeson, R. Iacono, and A. Bhattacharjee, Phys. Fluids, 30 (7), 2167 (1987). [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00039: Ion heating and velocity fluctuation measurements in a high-temperature laboratory plasma D.A. Ennis, D. Craig, D.J. Den Hartog, G. Fiksel, S. Gangadhara, S.C. Prager In many astrophysical and laboratory plasmas the magnetic field and plasma temperature are affected by magnetic fluctuations. In the Madison Symmetric Torus we study the redistribution of magnetic field by correlated velocity and magnetic field fluctuations (the MHD dynamo, $<$v x b$>)$ and ion heating during magnetic reconnection. Emission from neutral beam-induced charge exchange recombination is collected by a high-throughput spectrometer yielding localized measurements of impurity ion temperature and velocity with high time resolution. We find poloidal velocity fluctuations correlated with magnetic fluctuations for a range of wavenumbers and the phase implies a contribution to the MHD dynamo. The correlation is greatest near resonant surfaces, where the wavenumber parallel to the magnetic field vanishes. During reconnection events, fluctuation amplitudes increase, the stored magnetic energy decreases, and strong ion heating is observed. The heating mechanism is unclear, but the increase in ion energy is comparable to the decrease in stored magnetic energy. Measurements of both bulk and impurity ions suggest the impurities are more strongly heated than the bulk and the heating source is global. Work supported by U.S.D.O.E. and N.S.F. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00040: Effects of line-tied boundary conditions on internal current-driven kink mode V.V. Mirnov, C.B. Forest, C.C. Hegna MHD kink instabilities caused by current passing though high temperature plasma in magnetic field is a topic of importance to astrophysical and lab plasmas. Recent theoretical study of external kink mode stability in line-tied geometry[1] has shown the existence of complex axial wave numbers k$_{z}$ in spatial spectrum of the system. Similar to the external kink mode complex k$_{z}$ were found in numerical calculations performed at LANL for line-tied internal kink instability. We are developing an analytical model for internal mode in line-tied cylindrical geometry to follow transition from the case of periodic cylinder where all axial wave numbers are real to line-tied boundary conditions (BC). The model allows us to determine whether line-tying BC change axial modes globally or their effect is ``shielded'' in long systems in the vicinity of the end-plates. This is important for mode structure and, specifically, for perturbed current profile (``current sheet'') which is localized on the resonance surface in periodic case and is broadened due to superposition of ``quasi-resonances'' in line-tied geometry. [1] V.V.Mirnov et al., Bull. of the APS, v.50, No 8, p.238, DPP Meeting, Oct. 24-28, 2005 [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00041: NIMROD Simulations of Reconnection in MRX and SSX Nicholas Murphy, Carl Sovinec Two-fluid effects are known to influence magnetic reconnection rates through non-MHD communication between the reconnection layer and surrounding magnetic field topology [1]. To examine the interrelationship between the local reconnection physics and the global magnetic field arrangement, we perform simulations of the Magnetic Reconnection Experiment (MRX) and the Swarthmore Spheromak Experiment (SSX) using the NIMROD extended MHD code. The presence of dual flux cores makes the grid of MRX nontrivial, and the steps to account for a logically non-rectangular grid in NIMROD are outlined. For MRX, we show simulations of co- and counter-helicity push and pull reconnection and discuss the characteristics of the reconnection sheet. For SSX, we show simulations of reconnection during counter-helicity spheromak merging. We compare single-fluid and two-fluid simulations to gauge the importance of two-fluid effects. These results are compared to the recent detection of the quadrupole field resulting from two-fluid collisionless reconnection in both SSX [2] and MRX [3].\newline 1.~~Biskamp, Schwarz, and Drake, Phys. Plasmas 4, 1002 (1997).\newline 2.~~Matthaeus, Cothran, Landreman, and Brown, Geophys. Rev. Lett., 32 (2005).\newline 3.~~Ren, Yamada, Gerhardt, Ji, Kulsrud, and Kuritsyn, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 (2005). [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00042: Study of Magnetorotational Instability and Hydrodynamic Stability at Large Reynolds Numbers in a Short Couette Flow Hantao Ji, Michael Burin, Ethan Schartman, Jeremy Goodman, Wei Liu Rapid angular momentum transport in accretion disks has been a longstanding astrophysical puzzle. Molecular viscosity is inadequate to explain observationally inferred accretion rates. Since Keplerian flow profiles are linearly stable in hydrodynamics, there exist only two viable mechanisms for the required turbulence: nonlinear hydrodynamic instability or magnetorotational instability (MRI). The latter is regarded as a dominant mechanism for rapid angular momentum transport in hot accretion disks ranging from quasars and X-ray binaries to cataclysmic variables. The former has been proposed mainly for colder protoplanetary disks, whose Reynolds numbers are typically large. Despite their popularity, however, both candidate mechanisms have been rarely demonstrated and studied in the laboratory. In this paper, I will describe a laboratory experiment in a short Taylor-Couette flow geometry intended for such purposes. Based on the results from prototype experiments and simulations, the apparatus containing novel features for better controls of the boundary-driven secondary flows has been constructed. Initial results on hydrodynamic stability have shown, somewhat surprisingly, robust quiescence of the Keplerian-like flows with million Reynolds numbers, casting questions on viability of the nonlinear hydrodynamic instability. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00043: Diagnostics of Weibel Turbulence by Anisotropic Radiation Spectra Sarah Reynolds, Mikhail Medvedev It has recently been realized that the Weibel instability plays a major role in the formation and dynamics of astrophysical shocks of gamma-ray bursts and supernovae. Thanks to technological advances in the recent years, experimental studies of the Weibel instability are now possible in laser- plasma interaction devices. We, thus, have a unique opportunity to model and study astrophysical conditions in laboratory experiments -- a key goal of the Laboratory Astrophysics program. At this stage, accurate diagnostic techniques are of great demand. In this presentation, we will discuss the properties of radiation emitted by electrons (e.g., an electron beam) moving through the Weibel-generated magnetic fields, referred to as the jitter radiation. We'll demonstrate that the jitter radiation field is anisotropic with respect to the direction of the Weibel current filaments and that its spectral and polarization characteristics are determined by microphysical plasma parameters. We stress that the spectral analysis will provide accurate diagnostics of the plasma conditions in laboratory experiments and in astrophysical shocks. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00044: Current Sheet Formation Near a Hyperbolic Magnetic Neutral Line in a Variable Density Plasma Bhimsen Shivamoggi, David Rollins \textit{Current-sheet formation} near a \textit{hyperbolic} magnetic neutral line has been investigated by including the effects of sweeping and shearing of the magnetic field lines by the plasma flow and \textit{exact} solutions of the MHD equations appropriate for these situations were given by Shivamoggi [1], [2]. The \textit{current-sheet} evolution described by this solution is in agreement with laboratory experiments (Kirii et al [3]). For the case with no \textit{shearing} of the field lines, this solution exhibits a \textit{finite-time} singularity. The \textit{shearing} of the magnetic field lines tends to \textit{impede} the \textit{current-sheet} formation. Investigation of the \textit{integrability} aspects of the system of nonlinearly-coupled differential equations governing these dynamics has been made (Rollins and Shivamoggi [4]) which indicated the possibility of shear-induced chaotic evolution in the dynamical system in question. The investigation is extended to include the effects of density variation of the plasma (Shivamoggi and Rollins [5]). The \textit{current-sheet formation }process is found to \textit{speed up} in the presence of a plasma density \textit{build-up} near the current sheet in agreement with the numerical simulation of Brunnel et al. [6] which described an enhanced reconnected magnetic flux when there is plasma density build up near the magnetic neutral point. This plasma density \textit{build-up} produces a new \textit{finite-time} singularity in the \textit{variable-density} MHD solution. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00045: COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS POSTERS |
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D1.00046: Mapping Phase Boundaries of 3-Component Model Membrane by Monte Carlo Simulation M.R. Ali, J. Huang Three-component model membrane constituted of two phospholipids and cholesterol is a useful system to study many cell membrane phenomena, such as lipid raft formation and phase separation. Extracting the molecular interactions from the existing experimental membrane data or to extend further to predict new phenomena poses lot of challenges. The problem demands correct computational methodologies along with relevant thermodynamics of model system. In this work, we will present Monte Carlo simulation results of three-component model membranes. The detailed computational methodologies to simulate phase separations in the ternary system will be presented. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00047: Unconditionally Stable Lattice Boltzmann Schemes for 3D MHD Brian Keating, George Vahala, Jonathan Carter, Min Soe, Linda Vahala, Jeffrey Yepez Thus, there are several fundamental advantages to using a kinetic representation (like the Lattice Boltzmann scheme) over the standard coarse-grained macroscopic representation. First, simple trajectories in a high-dimensional space can be accurately followed in time, and yet these trajectories can appear chaotic and space-filling when projected onto a lower dimensional space. Second, at the kinetic level, one is treating turbulent and thermodynamic fluctuations concurrently, leading to a more systematic coarse-graining procedure. Moreover, in LB research (A) we have an extremely powerful yet simple simulation code for turbulence that scales almost ideally with the number of PEs, and (B) we have a kinetic model that can yield conceptually better turbulence closure models when DNS cannot be used due to the limitations on PE memory due to the exceptationally large grids required. Here we extend our 3D MHD-LB code, that ran over 26 TFlops on 4800 PEs on the Earth Simulator, to handle significantly lower transport coefficients using the renormalized relaxation parameter technique of Li et. al. [1]. We then discuss how to incorporate boundary conditions into the model. [1] Y. Li, et. al. J. Fluid Mech \textbf{519}, 273 (2004). [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00048: Discrete Particle Noise and Its Effects on Particle-in-Cell Simulations of Plasma Turbulence G. Hammett, W. Nevins, A. Dimits, D. Shumaker, W. Dorland In order to understand the differences between gyrokinetic particle simulations and gyrokinetic continuum simulations of Electron Temperature Gradient (ETG) turbulence, we have investigated the role of discrete particle noise. A detailed theory of the spectrum of noise fluctuations in a gyrokinetic particle simulation has been developed. With no free parameters, this theory agrees very well both with the fluctuation spectrum and the transport levels observed at late times in gyrokinetic particle simulations when noise dominates. The theory also matches the simulations well as the average squared weight (and thus the fluctuation energy) is varied by a factor of 500 in noise restart tests. The theory is based on Krommes' calculation of the gyrokinetic noise spectrum\footnote{J.A. Krommes, Phys. Fluids B {\bf 5}, 1066 (1993).}, extended to include the effects of numerical filtering, finite-size particles, and a resonance-broadening type of renormalization of the dielectric shielding and of the test particle trajectories. The noise builds up in time in present $\delta f$ algorithms and eventually becomes large enough in typical particle simulations to suppress ETG turbulence, thus explaining why they give lower transport levels at late times than observed in continuum simulations. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00049: Molecular potential energy surfaces for interstellar chemistry and fusion applications Bastiaan J. Braams, Xinchuan Huang, Zhong Jin, Zhen Xie, Xiubin Zhang, Joel M. Bowman, Amit Raj Sharma, Ralf Scheider In the Born-Oppenheimer approximation the electronic Schr\"odinger equation is solved given the nuclear positions as parameters, and this defines the potential energy surface. We have used computational invariant theory and the MAGMA computer algebra system as an aid to develop representations for the potential energy and dipole moment surfaces that are fully invariant under permutations of like nuclei, extending an approach that for 3-body and 4-body systems has a long history, e.g. [J. N. Murrell et al. Molecular Potential Energy Functions, Wiley, 1984]. A many-body (cluster) expansion is used to describe reaction complexes. The methods have been applied in an almost routine way for systems of up to 7 nuclei, including several molecules that are of interest for interstellar chemistry and for the issue of hydrocarbon breakdown in fusion edge plasma: H$_5^+$, CH$_5$, CH$_5^+$, C$_2$H$_3^+$, and their fragments, with C$_2$H$_5^+$ on the way. The mathematical and computional methods and the hydrocarbon applications will be presented. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00050: ACCELERATOR SYSTEMS POSTERS |
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D1.00051: Two methods of injection/matching at the University of Maryland Electron Ring (UMER) J. Tobin*, S. Bernal, R. Kishek, M. Walter, B. Quinn, G. Bai*, D. Stratakis*, C. Papadopoulos*, M. Holloway*, T. Godlove, M. Reiser*, P.G. O'Shea* Intense charged particle beams are of great interest to many wide areas of applications ranging from high-energy physics to free-electron lasers. The University of Maryland Electron Ring (UMER) is a scaled model to investigate the physics of such intense beams. It uses a 10-keV electron beam along with other scaled beam parameters that model the larger machines but at a lower cost. In order to have full current transport of the electron beam, and to increase the number of turns of the beam around the ring, injection of the beam from the straight section into the ring becomes crucial. Careful injection of a matched beam will also minimize emittance growth and halo formation around the ring. In this work, we describe and analyze two methods of injection of the electron beam from the straight section into the ring. In one of the methods, the two injection quads are fixed to a preset value, while in the other both the injection quads are switched off. The injection and matching of a space charge dominated beam by these two methods is analyzed and the same is repeated with an emittance dominated beam. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00052: BEAM PHYSICS POSTERS |
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D1.00053: Computation of Transfer Maps from Surface Data with Applications to Wigglers Chad Mitchell, Alex Dragt Simulations indicate that the dynamic aperture of the proposed ILC Damping Rings is dictated primarily by the nonlinear properties of their wiggler transfer maps. Wiggler transfer maps in turn depend sensitively on fringe-field and high-multipole effects. Therefore it is important to have a detailed and realistic model of the interior magnetic field, including knowledge of high spatial derivatives. Modeling of these derivatives is made difficult by the presence of numerical noise. We describe how such information can be extracted reliably from 3-dimensional field data on a grid as provided, for example, by various 3-dimensional finite element field codes (OPERA-3d) available from Vector Fields. The key ingredients are the use of surface data and the smoothing property of the inverse Laplacian operator. We describe the advantages of fitting on an elliptic cylindrical surface surrounding the beam. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00054: TESTS OF PHYSICS LAWS POSTERS |
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D1.00055: On the Correct Formulation of the First Law of Thermodynamics Temur Z. Kalanov The critical analysis of the generally accepted formulation of the first law of thermodynamics is proposed. The purpose of the analysis is to prove that the standard formulation contains a mathematical error and to offer the correct formulation. The correct formulation is based on the concepts of function and differential of function. Really, if internal energy $U$of a system is a function of two independent variables $Q=Q(t)$ (describing of the thermal form of energy) and $R=R(t)$ (describing non-thermal form of energy), then the correct formulation of the first law of thermodynamics is: $\frac{dU(Q,R)}{dt}=\left( {\frac{\partial U}{\partial Q}} \right)_R \frac{dQ}{dt}+\left( {\frac{\partial U}{\partial R}} \right)_Q \frac{dR}{dt}$, where $t$ and $-{\left( {\frac{\partial U}{\partial R}} \right)_Q } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\left( {\frac{\partial U}{\partial R}} \right)_Q } {\left( {\frac{\partial U}{\partial Q}} \right)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\left( {\frac{\partial U}{\partial Q}} \right)}_R $ are time and measure of mutual transformation of forms of energy, correspondingly. General conclusion: standard thermodynamics is incorrect. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00056: The Second Law of Thermodynamics: Mathematical Error Temur Z. Kalanov The critical analysis of the generally accepted foundations of thermodynamics is proposed. Within the framework of the work [1], the following statement is proved: Gibbs's quantum canonical distribution $f_n =f_0 \exp \,(-{E_n } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{E_n } {T)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {T)}$ (where$E_n $, $n=0,\;1,\;\ldots $, $f_n $, $T$ are the energy of the subsystem, probability, and temperature, respectively) defines the correct relation of the thermal energy $Q$ of the subsystem to the entropy $S$ of the subsystem and the temperature $T$. This relation has the form: $S=Q \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {Q T}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} T$ and $\mathop {\lim }\limits_{T\to \,0\,} S=0$ (where $Q\equiv \sum\limits_{n=0}^\infty {E_n } f_n $, $S\equiv \sum\limits_{n=0}^\infty {S_n f_n } $, $S_n \equiv {E_n } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{E_n } {T=-\ln \,({f_n } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{f_n } {f_0 )}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {f_0 )}}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {T=-\ln \,({f_n } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{f_n } {f_0 )}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {f_0 )}})$. Consequence: the second law (i.e. $dS={dQ} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{dQ} T}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} T)$ of thermodynamics represents mathematical error. Ref.: [1] T.Z. Kalanov, ``On the main errors underlying statistical physics.'' Bulletin of the APS, Vol. 47, No. 2 (2005), p. 164. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00057: The Problem of the SETI: A Methodological Error in Cosmology and Astrophysics Temur Z. Kalanov As is known, the problem of the Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence (SETI) is not solved till now. The fact is that ``Cosmos keeps silence.'' In this connection, within the framework of the approach [1], a new analysis of the problem of the SETI is proposed. The new theoretical results are as follows. (1) The problem of the SETI cannot be solved within the framework of the special sciences (physics, astrophysics, biology, etc.), since this problem is a philosophical problem [1]. (2) The philosophical problem of the SETI is formulated as follows: What is essence of the Universe? This problem can be solved only within the framework of the new philosophy and gnosiology [1] based on formal logic, dialectics, system approach, and information theory. (3) The main statement of the new philosophy and gnosiology is that information is essence of the Universe, and material objects and processes are manifestation of essence. (4) The Universe is controlled by means of information. (5) Human Reason and development of Mankind is consequence of existence of Supreme Reason (in other words, existence and development of Mankind is the main proof of existence of Supreme Reason). Consequence: the generally accepted idea of the SETI is a methodological error in cosmology and astrophysics. Ref.: [1] T.Z. Kalanov, Bull. APS, Vol. 48, No. 2 (2003), pp. 154--155. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00058: On the Hypothesis of Universe's ``System Block'' Temur Z. Kalanov The hypothesis of Universe's ``system block'' is proposed. The hypothesis is based on the new philosophy and gnosiology [1--3] according to which information is essence of the Universe, and material objects are manifestation of the essence. The hypothesis is formulated as follows: (1) the Universe represents the unity of opposites: essence and phenomenon (i.e. manifestation of essence). This unity exists as unity of matter states (i.e. as Universe structure); (2) ``physical vacuum'' is the lowest state defined by absolute zero of information and, consequently, energy; (3) ``material objects'' are the highest state defined by nonzero information and, consequently, energy; (4) there exist intermediate state between the lowest and highest states. It is called ``dark matter''; (5) there is no physical interaction between the ``material objects'' and the ``dark matter''; (6) interaction between the ``material objects'' and the ``dark matter'' represents informational interaction; (7) ``material objects'' is controlled by the ``dark matter'', i.e. the ``dark matter'' is Universe's ``system block'' (i.e. Supreme Reason). This hypothesis explains correctly the phenomena occurring in the Universe and shows that the generally accepted idea of the SETI is a methodological error in cosmology and astrophysics. Ref.: [1] T.Z. Kalanov. Bull. APS, Vol. 48, No. 2 (2003), pp. 154--155; [2] T.Z. Kalanov. Bull. APS, Vol. 50, No. 2 (2005); [3] T.Z. Kalanov, http: // www.wbabin.net. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00059: Bose's Method: A Logical Error Temur Z. Kalanov The critical analysis of Bose's method---starting-point of Dirac's method of secondary quantization---is proposed. It is proved that Bose's method for derivation of Planck's formula stated by S.N. Bose in the article ``Planck's law and light quanta hypothesis'' (1924) contains logical errors (i.e. errors in definition of concepts). The main logical error is as follows [1]: the method does not take into explicit consideration an interaction between radiation and substance, i.e. the subsystem ``photon gas'' (radiation) is defined as the isolated subsystem which does not interact with the subsystem ``molecule gas'' (substance). (Such definition of concept ``photon gas'' represents a logic error because presence of radiating substance is an essential condition of existence of temperature and thermal radiation). Conclusions: firstly, this error leads to the incorrect statement that photon gas (quantum gas) is characterized by temperature; secondly, this error puts obstacles in the way of correct definition of the important concepts ``phase cell'' and ``empty phase cell'' which concern substance; thirdly, this error enters into the starting-point of Dirac's method of secondary quantization and, hence, into the standard theory of physical vacuum (i.e. the theory of ``empty phase cell''). Ref.: T.Z. Kalanov, ``On statistics of photon gas'', Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR (Russia), Vol. 316, No. 1 (1991), p. 100. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00060: Dirac's Theory of Physical Vacuum: Continuation of Bose's Logical Errors Temuz Z. Kalanov The critical analysis of Dirac's theory of physical vacuum is proposed. The purpose of the analysis is to prove that the foundations of Dirac's theory include Bose's logical errors. The proof is based on the following statements: (a) a material object has physical states, and physical states are the inseparable characteristics of a material object and belong only to a material object; (b) the problem of physical meaning of the formalism of secondary quantization can be solved only by means of the correct quantum-statistical description of the subsystem ``photon gas'' representing the inseparable part of the system ``molecule + photon gas + thermostat.'' The main result of the analysis is as follows: both the ``phase cell'' and the ``state of photon gas'' are defined by not photons with energy $h\nu _{nm} $, but substance: namely, the expression $\left| {E_n -E_m } \right|$, $n\ne m$ where $E_n $and $E_m $are the energy levels of the molecule emitting and absorbing photons. The general conclusion: since it is supposed in Bose's method and Dirac's theory that both the ``phase cell'' and the ``state of photon gas'' are defined by photons with energy $h\nu _{nm} $, both Bose ``empty phase cell'' and Dirac ``vacuum state of photon gas'' are not a characteristic of material object, have no physical meaning and, hence, represent logical error. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00061: Bose-Einstein Statistics and Fermi-Dirac Statistics: A Logical Error Temur Z. Kalanov The critical analysis of Bose-Einstein statistics and Fermi-Dirac statistics---consequence of Bose's method---is proposed. The main result of the analysis is as follows. (1) In accordance with the definition, Bose-Einstein (B-E) and Fermi-Dirac (F-D) distribution functions $f_{(B-E)}^s $, $f_{(F-D)}^s $ are the average values of the random quantity: $f^s\equiv {\varepsilon ^s} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\varepsilon ^s} {\varepsilon _1^s }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\varepsilon _1^s }$, $\varepsilon ^s\equiv \sum\limits_r {\varepsilon _r^s p_r^s } $, $p_r^s =p_0^s \,\exp \,\left[ {-\,(\alpha +\beta \varepsilon _1^s )r} \right]^$, $r=0,\;1,\;\ldots {\kern 1pt}\quad (B-E)$, $r=0,\;1\quad (F-D)$ where $f^s$ is the average number of the noninteracting monoenergetic identical quantum particles in the $s$-layer cell; $\varepsilon _1^s $ is energy of one particle of kind $s$; $p_r^s $ is the probability that energy takes on the value $\varepsilon _r^s =\varepsilon _1^s r\equiv {(\alpha +\beta \varepsilon _1^s )r} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{(\alpha +\beta \varepsilon _1^s )r} \beta }} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} \beta $; $1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 {\beta \equiv T}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\beta \equiv T}$ is temperature; $\alpha \equiv -\beta \mu $ is degeneration parameter; $\mu $ is chemical potential. (2) In accordance with the logic law of identity, $p_r^s \equiv p_r^s $, $\varepsilon _r^s =\varepsilon _1^s r\equiv {(\alpha +\beta \varepsilon _1^s )r} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{(\alpha +\beta \varepsilon _1^s )r} \beta }} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} \beta $. Hence, $\alpha \equiv 0$. Thus, $\mu \equiv 0$ and, consequently, Bose-Einstein statistics and Fermi-Dirac statistics represent logical error. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00062: On the Correct Analysis of the Maxwell Distribution Temur Z. Kalanov The critical analysis of the Maxwell distribution is proposed. The main results of the analysis are as follows. (1) As is known, an experimental device for studying the Maxwell distribution consists of the following basic physical subsystems: (a) ideal molecular gas enclosed in a vessel (gas is in the equilibrium state); (b) molecule beam which is emitted from the small aperture of the vessel (the small aperture is a stochastic source of quantum particles). (2) The energy of the molecule of the beam does not represent random quantity, since molecules does not collide with each other. In this case, only the set of the monoenergetic molecules emitted by the stochastic source is a random quantity. This set is called a quantum gas. The probability $p_k $ that the quantum gas has the energy $E_n k$ is given by the Gibbs quantum canonical distribution: $p_k =p_0 \,\exp \,(-{E_n k} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{E_n k} {T)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {T)}$, $k=0,\;1,\;\ldots $ where $k$ is the number of molecules with energy $E_n $; $T$ is temperature of the molecule in the vessel. (3) The average number of the molecules with energy$E_n $ represents the Planck distribution function: $f=\sum\limits_{k=0}^\infty {kp_k } \equiv f_{(Planck)} $. (4) In classical case, the expression $E_n f_{(Planck)} $ represents the Maxwell distribution function: $f_{(Maxwell)} \sim E_n \,f_{(Planck)} \sim v^2\,\exp \;(-{mv^2} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{mv^2} {2T)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {2T)}$. Consequently, the generally accepted statement that the Maxwell distribution function describes gas enclosed in a vessel is a logical error. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00063: ``Hidden Kinetic Energy'' and ``Mass-Electric'' Principle Philip Chu A hypothesis is proposed which suggests another fundamental energy equation of Special Relativity. Another relativistic variance is described which gives self-consistent definition of Lagrange Function for both classical and relativistic dynamics. This hypothesis leads to a new ``Hidden Kinetic Energy'' concept as well as a new ``Mass-Electric'' Principle. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00064: On a New Theory of the Black Hole Temur Z. Kalanov In connection with the fact that the special theory of relativity and, hence, the general theory of relativity is incorrect [1], a new theory of black hole is proposed. This theory is methodologically connected with the new theory of physical vacuum [2] and based on the following philosophical statements: (1) information is essence of the Universe, and material objects are manifestation of essence; (2) extermination of essence leads to extermination of manifestation of essence; (3) material object cannot be exterminated without extermination of its essence. Consequently, black hole is an exterminated object (in other words, black hole and exterminating object is one and the same). The theory based on these statements explains correctly the processes occurring in the Universe. Ref.: [1] T.Z. Kalanov, ``On logical errors underlying the special theory of relativity.'' Journal of Theoretics (USA), Vol. 6-1, 2004 (http://www.journaloftheoretics.com); [2] T.Z. Kalanov, ``On a new theory of physical vacuum.'' Bulletin of the APS, Vol. 50, No. 2 (2005). [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00065: Lorentzian geometry in four extended spatial dimensions David Birrell A vector space defined as inertial 4 space (I$^4$) is described as an extension of Minkowski four dimensional spacetime (M$^4$). I$^4$ shares metric signature (- + + +) with M$^4$ and is also shown as a subspace of a non-temporal symmetrical vector space defined as primary 4-space (P$^4$) where the momentum of mass is manifested as a wave. The collective 4-space geometry where $\exists P^4:P^4\to I^4\to M^4$ is shown to be compatible with special relativity. In the 4-space system, the three spatial dimensions in an M$^4$ subspace can be considered a modified 3-brane embedded in a 4 dimensional bulk. The 4$^{th}$ special dimensions is occupied by the wave property of mass resulting in the creation of a time dimension and the suppression of a space dimension. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00066: On a New Approach to the Solution of the Problem of Quantization of Energy Temur Z. Kalanov In connection with the fact that foundations of quantum mechanics contain logical errors [1], the correct approach to the solution of the problem of quantization of energy is proposed. The correct approach is based on the following key idea: (1) properties of a particle do not exist separately of a particle; (2) energy is inalienable property of a particle; (3) energy levels of an object arise and disappear only as a result of absorption and emission of a particle, correspondingly. Hence, quantization of energy of an object is not the Shroendinger problem of eigenvalues and is the problem of absorption and emission of particles. Within the framework of work [2], this idea opens a way to new understanding of the problem of quantization of the energy of an object as the unified problem of quantization, of elementary particles, and of gravitation. Ref.: [1] T.Z. Kalanov, ``On the correct theoretical analysis of the foundations of quantum mechanics.'' Bulletin of the APS, Vol. 50, No. 2 (2005); [2] T.Z. Kalanov, ``On a new basis of quantum theory.'' Bulletin of the APS, Vol. 47, No. 2 (2002). [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00067: Time-dependent solutions to the Dirac equation Khin Lay Win, Athanasios Petridis The time-evolution of Dirac spinors is studied using the numerical staggered-leap-frog method. This technique is shown to be very precise, stable, and fast. Numerical results regarding the zitterbewegung of the expectation values and standard deviations of the spin and the position are obtained and found to be in agreement with analytical calculations whenever those are possible. The time-development of the decay of near-resonance spinors initially set inside a potential well is studied and compared to non-relativistic results. The decay of states away from resonance is also examined. All the calculations are performed using an average personal computer. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00068: Mirror Numbers and Wigner's ``Unreasonable Effectiveness'' Alexander Berezin Wigner's ``unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics in physics'' can be augmented by concept of mirror number (MN). It is defined as digital string infinite in both directions. Example is ({\ldots})5141327182({\ldots}) where first 5 digits is Pi ``spelled'' backward (``mirrored'') and last 5 digits is the beginning of decimal exp1 string. Let MN be constructed from two different transcendental (or algebraically irrational) numbers, set of such MNs is Cantor-uncountable. Most MNs have contain any finite digital sequence repeated infinitely many times. In spirit of ``Contact'' (C.Sagan) each normal MN contains ``Library of Babel'' of all possible texts and patterns (J.L.Borges). Infinite at both ends, MN do not have any numerical values and, contrary to numbers written in positional systems, all digits in MNs have equal weight -- sort of ``numerological democracy''. In Pythagorean-Platonic models (space-time and physical world originating from pure numbers) idea of MN resolves paradox of ``beginning'' (or ``end'') of time. Because in MNs all digits have equal status, (quantum) randomness leads to more uniform and fully ergodic phase trajectories (cf. F.Dyson, Infinite in All Directions) . [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00069: Exposing the Fallacy of Bell's Inequality N. Glenn Gratke The essential flaw of Bell's Inequality involves the mischaracterization of classical spin and classical polarization, the correction of which reveals that EPR experiments have been systematically misinterpreted. This poster session will show the specific mathematical details that expose the error of Bell's Inequality. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00070: Measurement Can't Influence the Nature Pankaj Sinha Science does not govern the nature rather it has been laid to describe the various facts of the nature. This straightly leads us to state some ``categorical'' facts/clarification about the nature. 1) The speed of light (even in vacuum) has not the same constant value in each frame of reference. It encourages us to think uniformity of physical laws in all inertial frames, constancy of speed of light and/or Maxwellian laws of electromagnetism are incoherent. 2) All natural processes do have same consequences in all inertial frames of reference. It's only law of Physics which may have different-different forms depending on frames of reference. 3) Measurement can't influence the natural processes{\ldots}! Different measurements after all can be considered only as different rates of the happening of the nature. 4) Kinetic Energy of a particle is same in each inertial frame of reference and is ``truly'' defined by classical mechanics. The total energy of a particle is defined as \textbf{E}$_{i}$\textbf{ = K.E. + P.E. + Work done} 5) Energy and entity of a particle are equivalent, i.e., they are just two modes of existence - in a particular sort of conditions we see a particle existing in forms of energy or with entity-features or in both. We strongly feel that the postulates of `Special Theory of Relativity' are totally wrong and only ``willful'' assumptions. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00071: PARTICLES AND FIELDS POSTERS |
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D1.00072: Search for the $B^0$ meson decay to $a_1\rho$ Katherine George We present a search for the decay $B^0 \to a^+_1 \rho^-$. The data set analyzed consists of approximately 110 million $B\overline{B} $ pairs produced in electron-positron annihilation at the PEP-II collider and recorded by the BaBar detector. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00073: Family Structure of Leptons and Their Currents of An Axial - Vector Nature Rasulkhozha S. Sharafiddinov Each of neutrinos has a non - zero mass and regardless of whether it is a Dirac or a Majorana mass, can possess both anapole and electric dipole moments. Between their form factors appears a connection, for example, at the longitudinal neutrinos scattering on spinless nuclei. We discuss a theory, in which a Dirac mass consists of vector and axial - vector components responsible for separateness of leptonic current into the vector and axial - vector parts of the same charge or dipole moment. Such a model can explain the absence of truly neutral neutrinos vector interactions and the availability of an axial - vector structure of a Majorana mass. Thereby it relates the two neutrinos of a different nature. We derive an equation which unites the masses to a ratio of the anapole and electric dipole form factors of any lepton and its neutrino as a consequence of their unification in families of doublets and singlets. This testifies in favor of the existence of the right - left dileptons and paradileptons of the axial - vector currents. Each of them together with formation of a kind of system of the vector nature answers to conservation of charge and any lepton flavor. Therefore, an axial - vector mass, anapole and electric dipole moment of the neutrino become proportional respectively to an axial - vector mass, anapole and electric dipole moment of a particle of the same families. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00074: SLHC Detector Upgrade R\&D Studies for the CMS Hadron Calorimeter Firdevs Duru, U. Akgun, A.S. Ayan, Y. Onel The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is designed to provide a beam energy of 7 TeV and a luminosity of $\cal {L}$ = $10^{34}$ $cm^{-2} s^{-1}$. Future LHC upgrade scenarios include increasing the luminosity to $\cal {L}$ = $10^{35}$ $cm^{-2} s^{-1}$. We refer to this upgraded LHC as the SuperLHC (SLHC). An increase in luminosity would require some upgrades to the CMS detector as well because of the very high radiation environment that would be created. In this report we summarize an ongoing $R\&D$ effort to upgrade the CMS Endcap Hadronic Calorimeter by replacing the scintillator tiles with quartz. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00075: GEANT4 Simulations for a Quartz Plate Calorimeter Prototype Ugur Akgun, A.S. Ayan, E.A. Albayrak, F. Duru, Y. Onel Cerenkov calorimeters are effective solutions to the high radiation environments typical of future hadron colliders. The University of Iowa HEP group has designed a prototype Cerenkov calorimeter that consists of 20 layers of quartz plates separated by iron absorber. In this report we present the details of the design and a GEANT4 simulation of this prototype. The energy resolution, signal collection uniformity, and linearity of the calorimeter are simulated for electron and pion beams. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00076: On the Operator connecting the Witten 3-Vertex and the CSV 3-Vertex A. Abdurrahman The half-string approach to string field theory is used to construct the ghost conformal operator connecting the ghost part of the Witten interaction three vertex and the standard ghost vertex due to Caneschi, Schwimmer and Venziano. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00077: NEW PRECISION MEASUREMENT METHODS POSTERS |
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D1.00078: Demonstration Cold Atom Fountain Electron Electric Dipole Moment (EDM) Experiment Harvey Gould, Jason M. Amini, Charles T. Munger A demonstration cold-atom-fountain electron EDM experiment has been operated at LBNL. The apparatus is free of static magnetic fields (B < 1 nT) which reduces sensitivity to motional magnetic field effects. Electric-field quantization, state preparation and detection in field-free regions, fractional-cycle pulses, active motional magnetic field nulling, multiple-quantum transitions, and web based, unattended operation of the experiment will be discussed. Our results support the premise that a fountain experiment can detect (or rule out) an electron EDM far smaller than the present experimental limits. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00079: NMR and ICR for precision measurements Xiang Fei High-precision comparison of the NMR signals of macroscopic samples and the ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) of charged particles in the Penning traps could yield important information on the fundamental properties of matter. For example, the magnetic moment ratio of the shielded helion to the nuclear magneton could be measured by comparing the helium- 3 NMR frequencies with the proton cyclotron frequencies in the ion cyclotron – nuclear magnetic resonance (IC-NMR) scheme$^{1} $. Cylindrical ion traps (or orthorhombic ion traps) with compensation electrodes$^{2}$ may be used to contain the NMR measurement probe structure. Vertical and radial asymmetric electrical potentials in longitudinally and azimuthally segmented electrodes can move a charged particle (e.g. a proton) away from the center of a Penning trap for 3D magnetic field gradient measurements approximately over the volume of the NMR probe. Magnetic perturbations due to the experimental setup and environment should be carefully studied$^{3}$. The magnetic effect of the NMR probe structure to its sample inside may be measured by a smaller NMR probe that can be readily inserted into and extracted from the measurement probe. $^{1} $X. Fei, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 50, No.2, L1 2 (2005). $^{2}$X. Fei, W.M. Snow, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 425, 431 (1999). $^{3} $X. Fei, V.W. Hughes, R. Prigl, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 394, 349 (1997). [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00080: Coherent population trapping with a train of pulses via the continuum and its application to excited-state suppression of pumping radiation in laser crystals Elena Kuznetsova, Roman Kolesov, Olga Kocharovskaya Coherent population trapping via the continuum using a train of ultrashort pulses is considered theoretically. It is shown that it can result in complete suppression of population transfer to the continuum. This technique can be applied to suppression of excited-state absorption of pumping radiation in laser crystals. As an example, a Ti3+:YAlO3 is considered, which has a fluorescence band in the 550 -- 750 nm range and thus can be a solid-state analog of dye laser if the excited-state absorption of pump radiation is reduced. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00081: FEW-BODY SYSTEMS POSTERS |
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D1.00082: Quantum Energy Level Calculations of Molecules Using Weyl-Heisenberg Wavelets and Classical Phase Space Richard Lombardini, Bill Poirier New methods are examined regarding the quantum-mechanical calculations of the nuclear dynamics of polyatomic systems. The first of these, introduced earlier in a series of articles, involves compact orthogonal wavelets as the basis set which is subsequently truncated using the guidance of a classical phase space picture of the system. This poster presents the first application of this technique to real molecular systems, more specifically, the calculation of the rovibrational energy levels of the neon dimer. The second technique involves further optimizations of the latter method using phase space region operators which improve the efficiency $K/N$ of the basis set where $N$ represents the number of basis functions needed to calculate $K$ eigenvalues at a desired accuracy. Finally, for systems that produce sparse Hamiltonian matrices in the wavelet basis, a new parallel algorithm for matrix diagonalization is introduced which uses the subspace iteration method. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00083: HISTORY OF PHYSICS POSTERS |
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D1.00084: Ideas of Flat and Curved Space in History of Physics Alexander A. Berezin Since ``everything which is not prohibited is compulsory'' (assigned to Gell-Mann) we can postulate infinite flat Cartesian N-dimensional (N: any integer) space-time (ST) as embedding for any curved ST. Ergodicity raises quest of whether total number of inflationary and/or Everett bubbles (mini-verses) is finite, countably infinite (aleph-zero) or uncountably infinite (aleph-one). Are these bubbles form Gaussian distribution or form some non-random subsetting? Perhaps, communication between mini-verses (idea of D.Deutsch) can be facilitated by a kind of minimax non-local dynamics akin to Fermat principle? (Minimax Principle in Bubble Cosmology). Even such classical effects as magnetism and polarization have some non-local features. Can we go below the Planck length to perhaps Compton wavelength of our ``Hubble's bubble'' (h/Mc = 10 to minus 95 m, if M = 10 to 54 kg)? When talking about time loops and ergodicity (eternal return paradigm) is there some hysterisis in the way quantum states are accessed in ``forward'' or ``reverse'' direction? (reverse direction implies backward causality of J.Wheeler and/or Aristotelian final causation). [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00085: ASTROPHYSICS POSTERS |
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D1.00086: Prediction of electric and magnetic anomalies in gaseous planets, stars, galaxies, galactic groupings and universe Stewart Brekke Due to the dynamic nature of interiors of gaseous planets, anomalous electric fields are created in various places. Moving electric fields create magnetic fields as well. Therefore, gaseous planets probably have electric and magnetic anomalies thoughout the layers of the planetary gaseous mass. Stars are gaseous bodies with dynamic layers of gaseous mass and have magnetic and electric anomalies such as sunspots. The moving charged gaseous material prabably creates sunspots which are anomalous magnetic masses. Galaxies have been found to have electric fields associated with them. Since Galaxies are irregular collections of stars in motion, galaxies will have anomalous electric and magnetic fields as well. Since galactic groups are collections of moving electric and magnetic fields ssociated with individual galaxies, each galactic grouping will have magnetic and electric anomalies associated with them. Therefore, the universe itself will have magnetic and electric anomalies resulting from the different groups of galaxies having magnetic and electric fields associated with them. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00087: Solving the Transfer Equation for Arbitrary Flows in Static Spacetimes Bin Chen, R. Kantowski, E. Baron, Sebastian Knop We describe the derivation of the radiative transfer equation for arbitrary stationary relativistic flows in static spacetimes. We show that the standard characteristics method of solution developed by Mihalas and used throughout the radiative transfer community can be significantly simplified in that the characteristics always coincide with geodesics and can always be specified by constants. Thus, the direct integration of the characteristics is not required, since they are (in principle) known for a specified metric. We give details for both flat and static spherically symmetric spacetimes. This work has direct application in 3-dimensional simulations of supernovae, gamma-ray bursts, and AGN, as well as in modeling neutron star atmospheres. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00088: The GLAST Science Support Center's Role in Supporting the User Community Tom Stephens, David Davis The GLAST Science Support Center (GSSC) is GLAST's interface with the scientific community and is responsible for scheduling the science observations to be performed by the GLAST mission. The GSSC will provide GLAST mission data, analysis software and documentation to the general community. In addition, the GSSC will administer the guest investigator program for NASA HQ and will provide proposal preparation tools to assist proposers in assessing the feasibility of observing sources of interest. Here we present an overview of the GSSC responsibilities and services to be provided to the users. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00089: The Auger Star Monitor Johana Diaz, David Nitz, Brian Fick The Auger Star Monitor (ASM) is designed to automatically measure the total vertical atmospheric extinction above the Auger Observatory. The system continually takes wide-field CCD images of the night sky through a Johnson U-Band filter. Photometry is performed on the star images. The change in recorded star brightness as a function of zenith angle is used to obtain values for the integrated density of atmospheric scattering components. The MTU group has installed two ASMs; one at the Southern Observatory atop the Los Leones Fluorescence Detector building and one at the future site of the Northern Observatory in Colorado. Both of these units have been routinely operating during the past year. Much of our effort has turned to developing better data-reduction algorithms and automated software. Significant work has done to perfect the algorithms for image processing, star identification and photometry. Partial results of extinction coefficients obtained by the ASM will be presented. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00090: Three-dimensional Particle Acceleration in Electromagnetic Dominated Outflows with Background Plasma and Clump Koichi Noguchi, Edison Liang The effect of background plasma on particle acceleration via Poynting fluxes, which may explain the high-energy tail of $\gamma$-ray bursts and astronomical jets, is studied in 3D PIC simulation of electron-positron and ion-electron plasmas. When strongly magnetized plasma at the center expands to background low-temperature electron-positron plasma, EM wave front accelerates background plasma and a low-density clump, and captures them in the Ponderomotive potential well. In electron-positron case, we do not observe any instability, and the momentum distribution of background and clump forms a power law of slope close to -1 with a sharp peak in the middle. In the ion-electron background and clump case, strong charge separation decelerates the wave propagation. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00091: A variability and localization study of the Galactic Center gamma-ray source 3EG J1746-2851 Martin Pohl I have studied the variability properties and localization of 3EG~J1746-2851 based on EGRET data of the observing periods 1--4. Using corrections for know systematic problems and performing various consistency checks I find no evidence of variability with an amplitude exceeding 30\% with the possible exception of viewing period 429, for which a strong soft excess is observed. 3EG~J1746-2851 is displaced from the exact Galactic Center towards positive Galactic longitudes. Sgr A$^\ast$, the center of Sgr A East, the pulsar J1747-2958, and the TeV gamma-ray source observed with HESS seem to be excluded as possible counterparts at the $> 95\%$ level. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00092: 3D MHD Simulations of Large-Scale Structures of Magnetic Jets Hui Li, Masanori Nakamura, Shengtai Li Extragalactic radio jets represent a significant amount of magnetic energy (and perhaps magnetic flux) flow from supermassive black holes inside massive galaxies to the intergalactic medium (IGM). We will present 3D MHD simulations of the formation of large scale magnetic jets/``towers,'' evolved from an isolated and idealized initial state where magnetic fields are injected in a small volume. We will present a detailed analysis of the ``tower'' structure, collimation mechanisms, instabilities, and flux conversion processes. We will also compare our simulation results with astrophysical jet observations. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00093: Modeling the Rotational Dynamics of Spiral Galaxies with Plasmas, Molecular Hydrogen, and Numerical Mass Distributions (Elliptical plus Disk) C.F. Gallo The early evolution of Spiral Galaxies is modeled with electromagnetic plasma interactions which cause the initial coalescence, rotation, wispy spirals, filamentary structures and magnetic pinches to initiate clumps. As time progresses, the interstellar plasma density decreases, EM plasma effects become weaker and gravitational effects become stronger. Stars are gravitationally formed from the clumps initiated by magnetic pinches. Simultaneously, the galactic temperature decreases and molecular species form in the cooler regions. The model includes the presence of molecular hydrogen at a level similar to the densities observed by the European Space Agency's infrared space telescope, ISO. The mass distribution in the galaxy is modeled with the sum of ellipsoidal and thin disk distributions. The resulting dynamics compare favorably with the mass distribution required to produce the rotational characteristics encountered in mature Spiral Galaxies with low plasma density. (References: A. Peratt on Plasma Effects, and L. Marmet on Gravitational Models at http://www.marmet.ca/louis/galaxy/index.html). [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00094: Effects of density fluctuations on supernova neutrinos. Tanvir Rahman We have studied the effects of density fluctuations on supernova neutrinos by computing the expected neutrino flux from a future galactic supernova explosion. Our results show that for the most recent neutrino parameter space constraints, the expected neutrino flux is affected by possible stellar density fluctuations. Possible phenomenological implications are discussed. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00095: Expected Upper and Lower Limits on Pulsars Astrophysical Parameters from LIGO II data* G. Santostasi The current LIGO observatories are collecting data on the strength of possible gravitational waves from different sources in terms of the dimensional strain parameter h. Among the possible sources there are rotating neutron stars. The strain h that can be converted in terms of fundamental parameters that are characteristics of the neutron stars physical properties. In particular the ellipticity of the neutron star can be derived from the strain when certain other parameters are know as the rotation frequency, spin-down and distance as in the case of known pulsars. At the moment the LIGO observatories are setting upper limits on ellipticity on few of the known pulsars. All these upper limits (with the exclusion of the limit on the Crab Pulsar) can be derived with more stringent way with other methods as for example the Energy Conservation method where the observed spin-down of the pulsar is attributed solely to the emission of gravitational waves and the strength of the wave is derived from calculating the resulting loss of energy due to this emission process. The situation is quite different when LIGO II data will be available in the future. In this case, the upper limit from direct observation will be better for a large number of know pulsars. Furthermore, once the Energy Conservation limit is beaten then other interesting lower and upper limits on astrophysical parameters can be derived from the data. The methods and results of the extraction of these parameters are discussed in this work. *Shearman Grant 2005. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00096: Using GEANT4 to model the photonic component of cosmic ray air showers. J. Bench, S. Nutter The CREST (Cosmic Ray Electron Synchrotron Telescope) project uses a high altitude balloon to carry a cosmic ray detector into Earth's upper atmosphere. The purpose of the project is to understand more about the local galactic sources that produce high-energy electron cosmic rays by detecting the linear pattern of synchrotron radiation emitted as the electrons are diverted by Earth's magnetic field. While this pattern is very distinct, there is a possibility that a similar pattern could be mimicked by cosmic ray air showers, which also produce temporally and spatially correlated photons. To estimate the background event rate due to air showers at balloon altitudes, GEANT4 is used to simulate cosmic ray air showers. The simulation entails modeling the composition and structure of earth's atmosphere by representing it as hundreds of variable density layers, along with reproducing the cosmic ray incident energy spectrum and composition. Information about photons is recorded as they pass through different depths in the atmosphere. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00097: Particle acceleration and magnetic field generation in SNR shocks M. Suslov, P.H. Diamond, M.A. Malkov We discuss the diffusive acceleration mechanism in SNR shocks in terms of its potential to accelerate CRs to 10$^{18}$ eV, as observations imply. One possibility, currently discussed in the literature, is to resonantly generate a turbulent magnetic field via accelerated particles in excess of the background field. We analyze some problems of this scenario and suggest a different mechanism, which is based on the generation of Alfven waves at the gyroradius scale at the background field level, with a subsequent transfer to longer scales via interaction with strong acoustic turbulence in the shock precursor. The acoustic turbulence in turn, may be generated by Drury instability or by parametric instability of the Alfven (A) waves. The essential idea is an A$\rightarrow$A+S decay instability process, where one of the interacting scatterers (i.e. the sound, or S-waves) are driven by the Drury instability process. This rapidly generates longer wavelength Alfven waves, which in turn resonate with high energy CRs thus binding them to the shock and enabling their further acceleration. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00098: Nonlinear Diffusive Shock Acceleration in Fast Regime M.A. Malkov, P.H. Diamond We suggest a physical mechanism whereby the acceleration time of cosmic rays by shock waves can be significantly reduced. This creates the possibility of particle acceleration beyond the knee energy at $10^{15}$ eV. The acceleration results from a nonlinear modification of the flow ahead of the shock supported by particles already accelerated to the knee momentum. The particles gain energy by bouncing off converging magnetic irregularities frozen into the flow in the shock precursor and not so much by re-crossing the shock itself. The acceleration rate is thus determined by the gradient of the flow velocity and turns out to be formally independent of the particle mean free path. The velocity gradient is, in turn, set by the knee-particles. The acceleration rate of particles above the knee does not decrease with energy, unlike in the linear acceleration regime. The knee forms because particles above it are effectively confined to the shock while they are within limited domains in the momentum space, while other particles fall into ``loss-islands,'' similar to the ``loss-cone'' of magnetic traps. This also maintains the steep velocity gradient and high acceleration rate. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00099: MaxEnt Power Spectrum of the Solar Magnetic Cycle from a Wavelet Analysis of Sunspots R. W. Johnson The power spectrum of the solar magnetic cycle is calculated from a wavelet analysis of the de-rectified yearly sunspot Wolf index for the years 1700-1995. Boundary edge effects in the cone-of-influence are treated via reflection of the data, with comment on such technique's validity. Broad peaks are sharpened using maximum entropy. The $\sim $22 year Hale cycle is shown to have variability in its period as a function of time. Evidence for the excitation of harmonics is seen during times of greater amplitude of the fundamental. The yearly solar magnetic power is compared with records of global temperature. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00100: Further Investigations Into the Formation Mechanisms for Kuiper Belt Binaries Ray Nazzario, Truell Hyde Recent observations and theoretical studies show that multiple-member groupings of Kuiper Belt objects exist. Although their creation presents problems in current models, the inclusion of a massive third body (ex. one of the outer planets or a forming protoplanet) often provides the necessary conditions for the formation of such objects. The presence of a perturbing body can also provide clearing of the primordial Kuiper Belt while producing more stable, longer-lived multiple-member groupings of Kuiper belt objects. In this work, a fifth order Runge-Kutta algorithm is employed to numerically examine the situation described. It is shown that the interparticle gravitational interaction creates one of several effects; scattering into the Oort cloud, collisions with nearby growing protoplanets, formation of up to quartenary systems of Kuiper Belt objects, or creation of a single Kuiper belt object. Additionally, it is seen that the initial location of the precursors of the Kuiper belt objects can also have a significant effect on binary formation with objects near resonances tending not to form mutli-member groupings. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00101: Single-Sided Charge-Sharing CZT Strip Detectors for Gamma Ray Astronomy Burcin Donmez, James Ryan, John Macri, Mark McConnell, Tomohiko Narita, Louis-Andre Hamel We report progress in the study of thick single-sided charge-sharing cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) strip detector modules designed to perform gamma-ray spectroscopy and 3-D imaging. We report laboratory and simulation measurements of prototype detectors with 11$\times$11 unit cells (15$\times$15$\times$7.5mm$^3$). We report measurements of the 3-D spatial resolution. Our studies are aimed at developing compact, efficient, detector modules for 0.05 to 1 MeV gamma measurements while minimizing the number and complexity of the electronic readout channels. This is particularly important in space-based coded aperture and Compton telescope instruments that require large area, large volume detector arrays. Such arrays will be required for the NASA's Black Hole Finder Probe (BHFP) and Advanced Compton Telescope (ACT). This design requires an anode pattern with contacts whose dimensions and spacing are roughly the size of the ionization charge cloud. The first prototype devices have $125 \mu$m anode contacts on $225 \mu$m pitch. Our studies conclude that finer pitch contacts will be required to improve imaging efficiency. [Preview Abstract] |
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D1.00102: How S-S' di quark pairs signify an Einstein constant dominated cosmology, and lead to new inflationary cosmology physics Andrew Beckwith We review the results of a model of how nucleation of a new universe occurs, assuming a di quark identification for soliton-anti soliton constituent parts of a scalar field. Initially, we employ a~false vacuum ~potential system; however, when cosmological expansion is dominated by the Einstein cosmological constant at the end of chaotic inflation,~the initial di quark~scalar field~is not consistent w.r.t a semi classical consistency condition we analyze as the potential changes to the chaotic inflationary potential utilized by Guth~. We use Scherrer's derivation of a sound speed being zero during initial inflationary cosmology,~and obtain a sound speed approaching unity ~as the slope of the scalar field moves away from a thin wall approximation. All this is to aid in a data reconstruction problem of how to account for the initial origins of CMB due to dark matter since effective field theories as presently constructed require a cut off value for applicability of their potential structure. This is often at the cost of, especially in early universe theoretical models, of clearly defined baryogenesis, and of a well defined mechanism of phase transitions. [Preview Abstract] |
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