Bulletin of the American Physical Society
21st Biennial Conference of the APS Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter
Volume 64, Number 8
Sunday–Friday, June 16–21, 2019; Portland, Oregon
Session J2: ERM: Novel energetic molecules and formulations |
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Chair: Mike Grapes, LLNL Room: Grand Ballroom II |
Tuesday, June 18, 2019 11:00AM - 11:15AM |
J2.00001: Investigation of Explosive Spin Crossover Complexes for On-Demand Initiation Sensitivity and Energetic Polymers for Additive Manufacturing Thuy-Ai Nguyen, David Chavez, Alexander Mueller, Bryce Tappan, Jacqueline Veauthier Enhanced safety, with the ability to control detonation behavior, while maintaining energy output are highly desirable characteristics for new high explosive (HE) materials. The use of switchable explosive spin crossover (ExSCO) compounds is a potentially powerful strategy to access on-demand mechanical sensitivity. Spin crossover is a transition between the low spin (LS) and high spin (HS) state electron configurations in a metal complex. We present our variable temperature impact sensitivity results on high nitrogen Fe(II) ExSCO compounds and compare their mechanical sensitivity in the LS vs HS states. In addition, we describe the synthesis and properties of energetic polymers that will be used to develop tunable custom materials for use in the additive manufacturing of explosive parts. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, June 18, 2019 11:15AM - 11:30AM |
J2.00002: Recent advances in the development of FATP as a photoactive energetic material Christopher Snyder, Patrick Bowden, Kathryn Brown, Michael Bowden, Steven Clarke Iron(II) tris(3-amino-6-pyrazolyl-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4,5]-tetrazine) perchlorate (FATP) is an energetic material that has low sensitivity to mechanical stimuli [impact, electrostatic discharge (ESD), and friction] and is also capable of being readily ignited with a low-level 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser pulse, making FATP a potential candidate as a photoactive initiator material. Previous studies have shown that FATP is capable of detonating a PETN acceptor charge. However, the detonability of FATP itself has not been reported. Additionally, low thermal stability has been observed in FATP in both differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and vacuum thermal stability (VTS) measurements. Herein, we report a modified procedure for the synthesis of FATP that results in improved thermal stability and also report detonability studies of this material. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, June 18, 2019 11:30AM - 11:45AM |
J2.00003: The Promise and Challenge of Extended Solids of Nitrogen Jennifer Ciezak-Jenkins, Timothy Jenkins, Jonathan Bennion The response of nitrogen to extreme conditions has attracted great interest since the predictions that nitrogen would transform into a nonmolecular phase at pressures less than 1 Mbar. Nitrogen is of particular interest due to its promising potential as a high-energy-density material and it has been suggested its energy release may be roughly three times that of a traditional energetic materials. In an effort to increase the metastability of the extended solid, recent studies have focused on mixing, or doping, the nitrogen with small amounts of secondary gases, such as hydrogen or carbon monoxide. It was been postulated the secondary gas would passivate the terminal ends thus increasing the stability of the nitrogen extended solid. Our group was the first to demonstrate such an approach could be used successfully to decrease the transition pressure for the formation of the nitrogen extended solid through doping with hydrogen. Although recent studies on nitrogen/hydrogen mixtures by other research groups have also observed several non-molecular nitrogen/hydrogen structures, recovery of these materials to ambient conditions has not yet been demonstrated. In this talk, I will describe our progress in the study of the synthesis, characterization, and recovery of extended solids of nitrogen from high pressure conditions from nitrogen/carbon monoxide mixtures. I will also detail results from our closely coupled modeling and simulation efforts and discuss how these results help guide our experimental efforts. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, June 18, 2019 11:45AM - 12:15PM |
J2.00004: Development of Promoters for Hypergolic Reactions with Hydrogen Peroxide Invited Speaker: Michael Gozin Energetic Ionic Liquids (EILs) were reported as promising hydrazine-replacement fuels for hypergolic rocket propulsion. However, many of these EILs were ignited by corrosive and hazardous concentrated fuming nitric acid. Significant efforts were recently made to utilize highly-concentrated H$_{2}$O$_{2}$ as a "green" alternative to the fuming nitric acid and N$_{2}$O$_{4}$ oxidizers. Although "rocket grade" H$_{2}$O$_{2}$ is more challenging for use and less safe for storage than commercially-available H$_{2}$O$_{2}$ (70%), the latter was not considered as a viable oxidizer for hypergolic propulsion. In our work, we focused on the development of novel iodine-rich promoters, capable to initiate hypergolic ignition reactions between a typical EIL fuel – 3-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium cyanotrihydroborate and H$_{2}$O$_{2}$. Among prepared and evaluated promoters, the top performing [FcCH$_{2}$NEtMe$_{2}$$^{+}$]$_{2}$[B$_{12}$I$_{12}$$^{2–}$] showed ignition delay times of 45 msec in reaction of the tested EIL with H$_{2}$O$_{2}$ (70%) and 17 msec with H$_{2}$O$_{2}$ (95%). We also developed four novel iodocuprate-containing ionic liquids (CuILs), which exhibited capability to efficiently promote hypergolic reactions between EIL fuels and H$_{2}$O$_{2}$. The most promising promoter of CuIL-type has high decomposition temperature, was found to be stable in promoter-in-fuel formulation for weeks and showed ignition delay times of 14 msec. We believe that our findings provide a platform for the development and utilization of H$_{2}$O$_{2}$ as potential "green" oxidizer for space propulsion. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, June 18, 2019 12:15PM - 12:30PM |
J2.00005: Anisotropic Thermal Conductivity and Elasticity of RDX Using Impulsive Stimulated Thermal Scattering John Lazarz, Shawn McGrane, Romain Perriot, Cindy Bolme, Kyle Ramos Anisotropy of single crystals plays an integral role in meso-scale dynamic behavior of materials. Specifically in energetic materials, the anisotropy of thermal conductivity and elasticity is important in hot spot generation under dynamic compression, leading to deflagration and detonation. High-precision measurements of these anisotropic parameters are needed to validate predictive models of these materials during low-strain rate (\textasciitilde 10$^{\mathrm{-3}})$ scenarios. We are investigating the anisotropic thermal diffusivity of single crystal orthorhombic 1,3,5- trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) as a function of pressure using impulsive stimulated thermal scattering (ISTS). We will present results of the experimentally determined thermal diffusivity and its comparison with the anisotropic values predicted by atomistic simulations. [Preview Abstract] |
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