Bulletin of the American Physical Society
18th Biennial Intl. Conference of the APS Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter held in conjunction with the 24th Biennial Intl. Conference of the Intl. Association for the Advancement of High Pressure Science and Technology (AIRAPT)
Volume 58, Number 7
Sunday–Friday, July 7–12, 2013; Seattle, Washington
Session K4: NM.1 Superhard Materials I |
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Chair: Toshimori Sekine, Hiroshima University Room: Vashon |
Tuesday, July 9, 2013 1:45PM - 2:00PM |
K4.00001: Elastic moduli of hard c-Zr$_{3}$N$_{4}$ and $\eta $-Ta$_{2}$N$_{3}$, a tough self-healing material, via laser ultrasonics and nanoindentation Andreas Zerr, Nikolay Chigarev, Judith Bourguille, Florent Tetard, Ovidiu Brinza, Sergey Nikitin, Alexey Lomonosov, Vitalyi Gusev Bulk and shear moduli ($B_{0}$ and $G_{0})$ of the dense polycrystalline oxygen bearing c-Zr$_{3}$N$_{4}$ and $\eta $-Ta$_{2}$N$_{3}$ were determined from the laser ultrasonic (LU) measurements on highly porous samples having the volume fraction porosity of 0.23 and 0.18, respectively. Dense samples of these high-pressure (HP) materials are today not available due to their very high hardness and absence of a densification procedure. Combining the LU data with a numerical analysis of the sample porosity, the ``true'' isotropic moduli were determined to be $B_{0}=$217(20) GPa and $G_{0}=$163(9) GPa, for c-Zr$_{3}$N$_{4}$, and $B_{0}=$281(15) GPa and $G_{0}=$123(2) GPa, for $\eta $-Ta$_{2}$N$_{3}$. For both HP-nitrides the $B_{0}$ values agree with those obtained earlier via the HP compression measurements in a diamond anvil cell. Also, the self-healing behavior of $\eta $-Ta$_{2}$N$_{3}$ by mechanical polishing was confirmed by two independent methods. Finally, the results obtained for $\eta $-Ta$_{2}$N$_{3}$ via the LU method were compared with our nanoindentation measurements. The high $G_{0}$ value of c-Zr$_{3}$N$_{4}$ suggests that this material could vie with $\gamma $-Si$_{3}$N$_{4}$ for the rank of the third hardest material after diamond and c-BN. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, July 9, 2013 2:00PM - 2:15PM |
K4.00002: Industrial scale HP-HT synthesis of hard and wear resistant c-Zr$_{3}$N$_{4}$ Dmytro Dzivenko, Ralf Riedel, Takashi Taniguchi, Thierry Chauveau, Andreas Zerr We present a large scale high-pressure high-temperature (HP-HT) synthesis of hard and wear resistant cubic zirconium nitride having Th$_{3}$P$_{4}$-type structure, c-Zr$_{3}$N$_{4}$. This material, also available as well-adhesive coatings with exceptional wear resistance, represents a compound competitive to diamond and c-BN with respect to machining of low-carbon steels and other ferrous alloys. We obtained c-Zr$_{3}$N$_{4}$ powder at pressures as low as 6.5 GPa and temperatures of 1400-1600 $^{\circ}$C from nanocrystalline Zr$_{3}$N$_{\mathrm{4+x}}$ precursor using a belt-type apparatus - a static HP-HT device widely employed for the commercial production of diamond and c-BN. The HP products are characterized in details by means of powder X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and combustion elemental analysis. In addition to major polycrystalline c-Zr$_{3}$N$_{4}$, we unveil the formation of a quaternary compound c-(Zr$_{\mathrm{1-x}}$Ta$_{\mathrm{x}})_{3}$(N$_{\mathrm{1-y}}$O$_{\mathrm{y}})_{4}$ which indicates the possibility of doping of c-Zr$_{3}$N$_{4}$, thus introducing it for practical application as a multifunctional material. Moreover, we consider ways of cementing the c-Zr$_{3}$N$_{4}$ powders (similar to cemented tungsten carbides) which would allow economic fabrication of large bodies based on this compound. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, July 9, 2013 2:15PM - 2:45PM |
K4.00003: Shock Syntheses of Novel Nitrides and Biomolecules Invited Speaker: Toshimori Sekine High-pressure spinel nitride of Si3N4 was discovered more than 10 years ago. Since then there have been many studies on the spinel nitrides and related materials including oxynitrides. We have developed shock synthesis method to investigate their structural, mechanical, chemical, physical, and optical properties. At the same time we tried to synthesize carbon nitrides from the organic substances. And later we extended to shock synthesis of ammonia through the Haber-Bosch reaction under shock in order to apply geochemical subjects related to the origin of life. The simplest amino acid of glycine, as well as animes (up to propylamine) and carboxylic acids (up to pentanoic acid), has been synthesized successfully in aqueous solutions through meteoritic impact reactions. Recently we are trying to make more complex biomolecules for implications of biomolecule formation for the origin of life through meteorite impacts on early Earth's ocean. These results of shock syntheses may imply significant contributions to materials science and Earth and planetary sciences. This research is collaborated with National Institute for Materials Science and Tohoku University. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, July 9, 2013 2:45PM - 3:00PM |
K4.00004: Structural change in hBN coexisting with hydrogen gas under pressure Atsuko Nakayama, Shotaro Taguchi, Shohei Mitsuya, Takashi Taniguchi, Satoshi Nakano, Ayako Ohmura, Fumihiro Ishikawa, Yuh Yamada Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has the layered structure as graphite, while the magnitude of band gaps is very large ($\sim$0.59 eV). It is thought that hBN hardly causes charge transfer interaction with any atoms or molecules. On the other hand we examined pressure-induced structural-changes in multi-walled carbon-nanotubes (MWCNTs) and meso-carbon micro-beads (MCMBs) coexisting with hydrogen gas using a diamond anvil cell (DAC) at room temperature. Both of them showed abnormal pressure dependence of in-plane graphite-structure, suggesting intercalation of hydrogen. Then we thought hBN has also possibility to cause the intercalation of hydrogen using pressure. In this study x-ray diffraction of hBN coexisting with hydrogen was carried out at room temperature to investigate the pressure-induced intercalation of hydrogen from the point of view of structural study. Not only the interlayer distance but also the a-axis length show abnormal pressure dependence up to 1.5 GPa. In particular the a-axis length increases with increasing the pressure in the range between 1 and 1.5 GPa. According to the relatively-low quantitative-reproducibility of change, it is thought that the hBN-hydrogen system takes an un-steady and non-equilibrium state. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, July 9, 2013 3:00PM - 3:15PM |
K4.00005: Table-top Generation and Spectroscopic Study of $\sim$10 TPa High-Energy Density Materials with C$_{60}^{+}$ Hypervelocity (v $\sim$ 100 km/s) Impact Young Bae Intense bursts of soft x-rays were discovered by Bae et al. in hypervelocity (v $\sim$ 100 km/s) impact of bio and water nanoparticles at the Brookhaven National Lab (BNL) in 1994. In the experiment, the nanoparticles were directly impacted on and detected by Si particle detectors that also detected the soft x-rays. Energy deposition measurements through thin films revealed that the impact generated pressures were $\sim$10 TPa, and the photon energies in the range of 75-100 eV for Si targets. The conversion efficiency from the kinetic energy to the radiation energy was unexpectedly high, $\sim$38\%, which was attributed to Dicke Superradiance of collective quantum states in High-Energy Density Materials (HEDM), Metastable Innershell Molecular States (MIMS). This talk presents recent experimental results obtained in a table-top apparatus completely different from and orders of magnitude smaller than that at BNL. In the new setup, hypervelocity (v~100 km/s) C60+ ions impacted on Al targets, and the impact generated soft x-rays were detected off-axis and analyzed using three Si photodiode detectors with selective energy response curves. The photon energy was determined to be $\sim$70 eV with the kinetic-energy to photon-energy conversion efficiency of $\sim$35\% in confirmation of the results by Bae et al. at BNL. The present results demonstrate a new way of generation and spectroscopic study of HEDM with pressures exceeding 10 TPa, and show the pathway to scaling up the soft x-ray generation method for a wide range of applications from lithography to inertial fusion. [Preview Abstract] |
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