Bulletin of the American Physical Society
87th annual meeting of the Southeastern Section of the APS
Volume 65, Number 19
Thursday–Friday, November 5–6, 2020; Virtual
Session C01: Poster Session |
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Chair: Nadia Fomin, University of Tennessee |
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C01.00001: Modeling of composition changes in Titan atmospheric entry plasma Nya Lampkin, Jael Stanton, Dereth Drake The Huygens mission to Titan showed us a great deal of interesting things about the atmosphere of Titan. During the atmospheric entry phase for the lander, most of the kinetic energy of the probe was lost in the form of thermal ionization of the atmosphere, i.e. a plasma is formed around the probe during entry. In this presentation we will describe the chemical composition, temperature, and pressures of the atmosphere at different altitudes. We will then show a basic gas kinetic model to determine how the composition changes during the thermal ionization process. [Preview Abstract] |
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C01.00002: Spectroscopy measurements of a plasma produced by a commercial etching system Dereth Drake, Bakari Bethea, Arthur Bui, Eric Burns, Zachary Barton, Gabriella Miles, Ashley Raulerson Plasma etching and cleaning is very common in the electronics fields. Since the 1970s, the use of etching has become standard in the development of substrates for microelectronics. Recently a number of commercial plasma etching systems have been introduced to the market. However, the systems are not commonly used in industry or in academia since there effectiveness has not be adequately verified in the literature. In this poster, we present spectroscopic measurements of the plasma produced by a commercial plasma etching system in an effort to start this verification process. [Preview Abstract] |
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C01.00003: A Plasma Physics Apparatus for Advanced Undergraduate Physics Laboratory Instruction James Morris, Garrett Terry, Sethfield Smith A low cost plasma physics apparatus was constructed for use in an advanced undergraduate physics laboratory. This apparatus was used to investigate the effects of gas pressure and electrode separation on the DC voltage required to initiate plasma formation. The experimental results were compared to the predictions of Paschen's Law. The construction details for the apparatus and the experimental tests of its operation will be presented. [Preview Abstract] |
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C01.00004: Analysis of Au-Al thin films for application in surface plasmon resonance sensing devices Molly Kate Kreider, Abdul Qadeer Rehan, Robert Kent, Mariama Rebello Sousa Dias Surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based sensing devices commonly use Au due to its robust, well-defined SPR response. Such devices aim to detect small changes in the index of refraction of a medium and thus rely on materials exhibiting a sharp, well-defined resonance dip in their reflection spectrum. The resonance dip of Au loses definition at high temperatures, making it ill-suited to application in high-temperature sensing devices. In this work, we study the SPR response of thin films of various alloys of Au and Al fabricated using the co-sputtering deposition method and characterize their optical response over a wide range of temperatures (from 25 to 200 ${^\circ}$C). We quantify three figures of merit in sensing applications: the sensitivity of the dip's location in the reflectance spectra, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) and the height of the reflectance dip. An ideal film exhibits a high sensitivity, small FWHM, and large peak height. We perform a full analysis of each of these metrics at both fixed incident angle (for wavelength-dependent sensors) and fixed incident wavelength (for angular dependent sensors), for four thicknesses. All alloys outperform their pure counterparts in sensitivity for the wavelength-dependent SPR sensor, with Au$_{\mathrm{.85}}$Au$_{\mathrm{.15}}$ being more sensitive than its pure counterparts in every configuration we examined for both angular and wavelength-dependent SPR sensors and remained relatively comparable to its pure counterparts in terms of FWHM and peak height. [Preview Abstract] |
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C01.00005: Development of Multisensory Gas Chromatography Experimental Apparatus for Scent Analysis Alexandra Driehaus, Vladimir Dobrokhotov, Ivan Novikov In this presentation we discuss the development of an experimental multisensory gas chromatography (MGC) apparatus in order to analyze chemicals to provide a verbal description of the scent. Scents are categorized into families, determined by common verbal descriptions. For example, notes of lemon and orange correspond to a citrus scent, in the citrus family, whereas notes of cedar and oak correspond to a woody scent, in the woody family. In ``The Atlas of Odor Character Profiles'' (1985), Andrew Dravnieks released a collection of the applicability of a number of verbal descriptors for various chemicals. The scent descriptor applicability dictates each chemical's family placement. Analyzing chemicals with known verbal descriptors using an MGC-based apparatus quantifies their scents providing a chromatogram for each test odor. A Convolutional Neural Network is used to build corresponding function between a set of verbal descriptors and a set of collected chromatograms. This project is funded by the KY NSF EPSCoR URE program. [Preview Abstract] |
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C01.00006: Investigating the Properties of GW170729 Using a Newtonian Approximation Shardool Deshpande We study the gravitational wave signal GW170729 from a binary black hole system to obtain source parameters for the event. We apply a Newtonian approximation to model the inspiral stage of the coalescence (Mathur, Brown and Lowenstein 2017). We compare the efficacy of this model with the computationally intensive general relativistic model used in more complex analyses. Using data from the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), we analyze the time-frequency evolution of the signal using a linear regression. From this regression, we obtain the key parameter of chirp mass. Using the chirp mass, we then calculate other important parameters such as the total mass of the system and the masses of the two merging black holes. We analyze the data furthermore to obtain the luminosity distance and the total energy lost in gravitational waves. We obtain a primary black hole mass of 40.9 solar masses and a secondary black hole mass of 30.2 solar masses. Our model estimates a loss of energy in gravitational waves of about 4.5 $M_{\odot}$. We calculate a luminosity distance of 1284 Mpc. All of these estimates fall within the range provided by LIGO’s O1 and O2 Catalog. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the Newtonian model in comparison to the relativistic model. [Preview Abstract] |
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C01.00007: Development of a Real Time Earthquake Plotter for Use in Monitoring LIGO Detectors Grace Johns, Scott Reid The LIGO Scientific Collaboration (LSC) is a group of scientists and researchers dedicated to studying gravitational waves, black holes, and other astrophysical phenomena, through the use of laser interferometer detectors. When two black holes collide, they release massive amounts of energy in the form of gravitational waves, which we are then able to detect. In addition to these waves, LIGO also observes everyday movement from people and vehicles, environmental movement from phenomena such as wind and earthquakes, as well as small movement within the detectors themselves. We characterize this extra movement as ``noise'' in the data. Our research involved developing and improving a program that graphs real time data from earthquake sensors. We adjusted the plotter to include a more effective filter, as well as several GUI features which allowed us to see when earthquakes which would be detrimental to our data are coming. We then have time to switch the interferometers into ``earthquake mode,'' a state that helps diminish the amount of time the LIGO detectors would be producing unusable data. [Preview Abstract] |
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C01.00008: PyGRB: Cleaning up GRB Analyses using the Burst Veto Definer Nathan Ormsby, Ryan Fisher, Michael Patel Objective: The objective of this experiment is to discover methods of improving data quality in LIGO's gamma-ray burst (GRB) offline analyses, by comparing two different versions of a method of eliminating glitches called "veto definers": one that is typically used for burst searches, and one used for searches for compact binary coalescences (CBC). Methods: The main method used was the comparison of two analyses of GRB190610A, the first using the standard PyCBC veto definer, and the second using the Burst veto definer. Other aspects of the two runs were identical. Results: The Burst veto definer outperforms the standard PyCBC veto definer in the number of glitches it vetoes from the analyses. These results are noticeable and significant when comparing both the Off-source SNR plots and the Signal Consistency plots from each run. The Burst veto definer removed glitches 15 SNR lower on average than the PyCBC veto definer. [Preview Abstract] |
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C01.00009: Investigation of Nitrogen Diffusion into SRF Niobium with High Temperature Heat Treatment Nii-Boi Quartey Nitrogen doping in niobium SRF cavities is conducted by heating the cavities at high temperatures inside of a furnace in the presence of nitrogen. Depending on the temperature and nitrogen concentration, complex nitride forms on the surface of the cavity. Electropolishing is conducted to remove the unwanted nitride from the cavity surface, leaving behind some diffused nitrogen. The temperature dependence of nitrogen diffusion profile on niobium is calculated and compared with existin experimental data. The activation energy for nitrogen diffusion on niobium is extracted and compared to previously reported literature results. The activation energy varies slightly with respect to the different data set shows that the diffusion environment and niobium surface may play a role in nitrogen diffusion. [Preview Abstract] |
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C01.00010: Demonstrations with a 15-Inch Diameter ``Genesis'' Plasma Globe Garrett Terry, James Morris, Seth Smith A 15-inch diameter ``Genesis'' plasma globe from Aurora Plasma Design was used to observe the behavior of a plasma and to perform demonstrations. The plasma globe is a 15-inch diameter glass globe filled with various noble gasses. A high voltage electrode in the center creates an electric field between the electrode and the glass. This electric field is intense enough to ionize the atoms in the noble gases, and this ionization results in long, bright bands of plasma (lightning) streaming between the electrode and the glass. When a person touches the glass surface of the plasma globe, the electric field polarizes atoms in a person's skin, which results in a larger electric field in the area of contact and a single discharge stream is formed from the electrode to this area of contact. If a conducting metal is placed near the globe, the electric field will heat the metal and a match can be lit by holding it close to the metal. In addition, the plasma globe's electric field ionizes atoms in nearby spectral tubes, as well as fluorescent tubes, causing them to glow. These plasma globe demonstrations were performed and will be discussed in this presentation. [Preview Abstract] |
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C01.00011: Quadrupole Photoionization of Be M S Pindzola, J P Colgan A theoretical method is developed to solve the time-dependent Schrodinger equation on a 4D radial lattice and used to calculate the quadrupole photoionization cross section for the Be atom. At a photon energy of 500 eV cross sections are compared with previous quasiclassical simulations. [Preview Abstract] |
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C01.00012: Neutron Ionization of Ge J P Colgan, M S Pindzola Neutron-impact single and double ionization cross sections of the Ge atom are calculated. Cross sections for the single and double ionization of the 4p outer subshell are found for neutron incident energies ranging from 1.0 MeV to 4.0 MeV. The largest single and double ionization cross sections are found at 4.0 MeV with a double to single ratio of 0.021. [Preview Abstract] |
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C01.00013: Stimulation of granulosa cells via non-thermal plasma and natural products Milad Rasouli, Nadia Fallah, Omol banin Paktinat, Elaheh Amini Steroidogenesis is a process which cholesterol is converted to biologically active steroid hormones. The role of steroid hormones from fetal life to adulthood regulate by a wide variety of developmental and physiological processes. Qualitative regulation determining the type of steroid to be produced is mediated by many enzymes and cofactors. Steroidogenic enzymes fall into two groups: cytochrome P45 (CYP) or HSD enzymes and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. Granulosa cells are responsible for estrogens synthesis and essential for the development and survival of oocyte. Non-thermal plasma is a cocktail of chemical and physical factors such as short-lived reactive species, long-lived reactive species, electromagnetic field, and ultraviolet radiation. Recently, plasma has attracted attention in various fields of medicine. Here, we examine for the first time the efficiency of plasma, Crocus sativus L., and Date palm pollen (DPP) on Granulosa cells which are important and necessary for ovarian steroidogenesis. Based on our observation, we expect plasma acts ac a steroidogenesis inducer agent. [Preview Abstract] |
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C01.00014: On-Demand Surface Electromagnetic Waves at Boundaries of Biansotropic Materials Jacob Adams, Tonilynn Holtz, Maxim Durach We extend the method of the inverse problem for finding the effective parameters of materials that propagate desired plane waves [Mulkey, Dillies, Durach, Opt. Lett., 43, 1226 (2018)] to design boundaries of bianisotropic materials (BAM) which propagate desired surface electromagnetic waves (SEWs). We show that an arbitrary choice of 3 SEWs which includes 2 inhomogeneous waves in the BAM with arbitrary polarizations provides the effective medium parameters of the BAM-vacuum interface that supports these waves. We discuss how a selection of SEWs for this SEW inverse problem affects the entire spectrum of SEWs propagating at the BAM-vacuum boundary. [Preview Abstract] |
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C01.00015: Fabri-Perot Resonances in Ultrathin Layers of Tri- and Tetra-Hyperbolic Bianistropic Materials Robert Williamson, Maxim Durach Multi-hyperbolic metamaterials support high-k plane waves with hybridization of electric and magnetic fields [Durach, Williamson, Laballe, Mulkey, Appl. Sci., 10(3), 763 (2020); Durach, Optics Communications, 476, 126349 (2020)]. In this work we introduce Fabri-Perot resonances (FPRs) based on these high-k waves in deeply subwavelength layers. Due to the hybridization the FPRs feature enhanced magnitudes of both magnetic and electric fields. [Preview Abstract] |
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C01.00016: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy of Metal Organic Framework Compounds Addie Wilson, Brandon Yost, Bradley Gibbons, Laurie McNeil Metal organic framework compounds (MOFs) have crystalline structures that are highly porous at the molecular level and have large surface areas that are advantageous to catalysis, such as for the decontamination of chemical warfare agents. UiO-66 is a MOF with a zirconium metal center and benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate (BDC) linkers. We have used Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to characterize the vibrational modes of UiO-66 as a function of defect density, where the defects may be missing linkers or missing metal clusters. We have found that as the defect density increases, there is a characteristic broadening in some of the infrared bands. We have also determined from our FTIR spectra that the modulator used to synthesize the UiO-66 is not completely removed after synthesis. This was determined by identifying the presence of Trifluoroacetic Acid (TFA) in a sample that was created using a TFA modulator. We will also report on changes in the spectrum after exposing the UiO-66 samples to formic acid, which can also be used as a modulator. [Preview Abstract] |
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C01.00017: Surface Energy Density Enhancement in Coupled Gold Nano-Antennae ENZ Materials Anna Shelton, Mariama Rebello Sousa Dias Epsilon Near Zero (ENZ) materials show promise in nonlinear optics due to their ability to confine high levels of energy along their surfaces at the point that the real part of their permittivity crosses zero. However, to observe such effects, bare ENZ thin films require a higher power light source. By coupling the localized surface plasmon polariton (LSPP) of gold nano-antennae onto the surface of ENZ materials, the incident light enhances the electric field in its vicinity, resulting in higher surface energy density. In this work, we simulated six different ENZ materials both with and without strongly-couple gold nano-antennae around their ENZ regime through the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. We find that by coupling tuned gold nano-antennae onto the surface of the ENZ materials, the surface energy density increases more than two order of magnitude of the incident light. As a comparison, bare ENZ materials exhibits enhancement of less than 80{\%} of the incident light energy. By enhancing light absorption at the ENZ materials via LSPP, the energy required to observe nonlinear effects is achieved. This makes ENZ metamaterials exceptional candidates to realize theoretical perfect lenses and improve hologram technology. [Preview Abstract] |
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C01.00018: Progress towards a fermionic triangular lattice quantum gas microscope Jirayu Mongkolkiattichai, Liyu Liu, Jin Yang, Peter Schauss Ultracold atoms in triangular optical lattices are well-suited to study the phase diagram of the triangular-lattice Hubbard model. In particular, there are indications for a chiral spin-liquid phase between the superfluid (SF) and a Mott insulator (MI). Ultracold atoms feature unique tunability of atomic interaction via Feshbach resonances, density, and spin-imbalance allowing to study a wide parameter range in the phase diagram. Here, we report on how we implemented a projected triangular lattice for lithium-6 atoms and demonstrate that we reach a lattice depth that should allow for single-atom imaging via Raman sideband cooling. To evaluate our lattice structure, we perform Kapitsa-Dirac scattering and Raman sideband spectroscopy to calibrate the lattice depth. To confirm that we have a degenerate quantum gas, we measured the temperature of Fermi gases by in-situ absorption imaging. Once we obtain single-atom imaging, we plan to study quantum magnetism and investigate conductivity, diffusion, and compressibility in the triangular lattice. [Preview Abstract] |
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C01.00019: Detection of Breast and Colon Cancer Via Fractal Dimension Liam Elkington, Prakash Adhikari, Prabhakar Pradhan Cancer, a leading cause of death in the world, can affect many regions of the body with serious, lethal effect. Breast and Colon cancers are two of the most prevalent cancer types in the world. Despite their lethality rates, these cancers are easily treated if diagnosed at early stages. This leads to a necessity for early, accurate diagnosis methods. One method for diagnosing these cancers involves quantifying a tissue sample's fractal dimension. Fractals are structures exhibiting self-similarity in their mass distribution. Fractals appear in many natural structures including tissues which are a spatially heterogenous medium. In cells/tissues, the presence of cancer alters the fractal dimension by increased cell replication. The heightened replication causes cell density in a tissue to increase which increases the fractal dimension so as the stage of cancer increases, so does fractal dimension. Breast and colon tissue samples are imaged using commercially available paraffin embedded tissue microarray (TMA) slides arranging multiple samples on one slide. Light transmission intensity patterns through the thin samples are analyzed as they are proportional to the mass density pattern which affects the fractal dimension. This quantitative method's results show a correlation between increasing stages of cancer and increasing fractal dimension. The ease and accuracy of this test shows great potential for improving cancer diagnosis in the future. [Preview Abstract] |
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C01.00020: Potential of Dental CT Imaging in Diagnosis of Osteoporosis Meta Zhou Osteoporosis is a disease in which the bones become increasingly fragile, with low bone mass, deterioration of bone tissue, disruption of bone microarchitecture, and compromised bone strength. It affects 1 in 3 women over the age of 50, and 1 in 5 men. The current standard for clinical diagnosis of osteoporosis is dual X-ray absorptiometry devices. Recommended testing is once every two years. However, most people do not get tested this often. Most people, especially elder people at risk for osteoporosis, visit their dentist on a much more regular basis. Thus, the goal of this project is to determine the potential of dental CT imaging technology in the detection and diagnosis of osteoporosis. I reviewed existing scientific literature on studies using dental X-rays for potentially diagnosing osteoporosis, and their advantages and limitations. Based on this, I identified the requirements for using dental CT to diagnose osteoporosis. There is a limited number of studies on using 2D X-rays and CT to diagnose osteoporosis. Their sensitivity and reliability need improvement in order for this technique to be used. [Preview Abstract] |
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C01.00021: Using Convolutional Neural Networks to Segment Images of Packed Epithelial Cell Layers for Inferring Cellular Forces Nilai Vemula, M. Shane Hutson Cellular force inference is a powerful tool that provides insights into the growth and morphogenesis of epithelial cell layers. To infer intercellular tensions and pressures between cells, it is mandatory to first segment a microscope image of the packed epithelial cell layer with its cell borders marked, for example by using a fluorescent protein such as E-cadherin-GFP. Current procedures depend on guided watershed algorithms. Here we present, CS-Net, a novel convolutional neural network based on a modified U-Net structure to transform a raw microscope image to a mask of pixels defining cell boundaries and cell interiors. Our neural network has an accuracy of 90\% with an AUC-ROC of 0.86. CS-Net is made accessible through an accessible web API, and it is designed to be used in conjunction with a Python-based cellular force inference tool. [Preview Abstract] |
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C01.00022: Crystalline phase development and stability in CeO$_{\mathrm{2}}$-SiO$_{\mathrm{2}}$ nanofibers derived from electrospun precursors Rachel Day, Isaac Crouch, Courtney Severino, Andrei Stanishevsky Ceria (CeO$_{\mathrm{2}})$ is a preferred catalytic material in applications found across many industries, including its use in water-gas shift reactions, automotive catalytic converters, and the removal of VOCs. Ceria nanofibers (NF) are attractive in such applications, but there are few reports on CeO$_{\mathrm{2}}$-based NF fabrication, phase development, and performance. One major obstacle in the development of CeO$_{\mathrm{2}}$ NF is their thermal stability and lack of sustainable production. It has been seen that CeO$_{\mathrm{2}}$ NF frequently disintegrate at increased temperatures. In the present study, a high-yield synthesis of CeO$_{\mathrm{2}}$ composite nanofibers with SiO$_{\mathrm{2}}$ was attained using alternating force electrospinning. Analyses of CeO$_{\mathrm{2}}$ NF crystallization process and resulting NF morphologies and structures were performed using TGA, FESEM/EDS, and XRD. CeO$_{\mathrm{2}}$-SiO$_{\mathrm{2\thinspace }}$NF with Ce:Si molar ratios from 1:4 to 4:1 were stable up to 1000 $^{\mathrm{o}}$C. They consisted of nanocrystalline CeO$_{\mathrm{2}}$ and amorphous SiO$_{\mathrm{2}}$, with no compound formation observed. Crystallization of SiO$_{\mathrm{2}}$ and CeO$_{\mathrm{2}}$ was noted at 1200\textdegree C, accompanied by the significant shrinkage and loss of fibrous structure. The obtained results demonstrate the improved thermal stability of complex oxide nanocrystalline CeO$_{\mathrm{2}}$-based nanofibrous ceramics. [Preview Abstract] |
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C01.00023: Magnetic Field Control of Ferroelectric Domain Memories in Multiferroic BTO/CFO Janus Nanofibers. Saba Arash, Bryan Chavez, Matthew Bauer, Jennifer S. Andrew, Thomas Crawford, Yanwen Wu Composite multiferroic (MF) materials such as BTO-CFO Janus nanofibers with high magnetoelectric coupling coefficient at room temperature are potentially promising candidates for a new generation of memory devices. To perceive how the memory evolves in each constituent phase of this specific geometry, it is crucial to develop an understanding of the magnetoelectric coupling dynamics in these composite MF materials. Here we demonstrate and analyze the optical read-out of electric domains in non-magnetic BTO~using a magnetic polarization-resolved second harmonic generation measurement technique. We also propose a physical interpretation explaining how the electric domains can be well predicted and controlled by a magnetic field. The demonstration of these memory dependent changes in these nanofiber ensembles represents a major step toward the practical nanoscale MF memory devices. [Preview Abstract] |
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C01.00024: Radical-lanthanide ferromagnetic interaction in a DyIII bis-phthalocyaninato complex Robert Stewart, Dorsa Komijani, Miguel Gakiya, Mike Shatruk, Alberto Ghirri, Claudio Bonizzoni, Svetlana Klyatskaya, Eufemio Moreno-Pineda, Mario Reuben, Marco Affronte, Stephen Hill Lanthanide complexes with radical organic ligands display a unique magnetic coupling mechanism between the delocalized spin density of the radical on the ligand with the localized 4f moment of the lanthanide ion. This mechanism can be used to mediate magnetic coupling between normally isolated lanthanide ions, a highly desired property for several applications such as single molecule (SMMs), spin chain systems and molecular qubits. In this study high-field/high-frequency Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) measurements were performed on a Dysprosium bis-phthalocyaninato metalorganic complex [Dy Pc2] to investigate the interaction between the radical ligand and the Dy ion. Double axis measurements on a single crystal reveal the easy-axis nature of the Dy(III) moment for each orientation within the unit cell and the magnetic coupling strength between the ion and the radical is measured. [Preview Abstract] |
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C01.00025: High-Field EPR Study of the Spin-Crossover Transitions in a Mn(III) Schiff-Base Complex Brittany Grimm, Irina Kuehne, Conor Kelly, Grace Morgan, Stephen Hill Spin crossover (SCO) transitions from a high-spin (HS) to a low-spin (LS) state occur in certain molecular complexes of octahedrally coordinated 3d$^{\mathrm{4}}$ to 3d$^{\mathrm{7}}$ transition metals and can be induced using temperature, pressure, or optical perturbations.$^{\mathrm{[1]}}$ It has been observed that not all SCO complexes exhibit a complete transition, resulting in mixed LS/HS phases.$^{\mathrm{[2]}}$ Such situations are difficult to characterize experimentally due to the inhomogeneous nature of the mixed phase.$^{\mathrm{[2]}}$ The Mn(III) Schiff-base complex considered in this investigation, [Mn((3-MeO-5-NO$_{\mathrm{2}}$-sal)$_{\mathrm{2}}$323)]PF$_{\mathrm{6}}$, exhibits a complete transition from a pure HS ($S$~$=$~2) to a pure LS ($S$~$=$~1) state below a relatively sharp transition (T$_{\mathrm{1/2}} \quad =$ 51~K, with \textless 10~K hysteresis). Using continuous-wave high-field (0 to 14.5~T) EPR spectroscopy on a powder sample, the zero-field splitting parameters were characterized for both the LS ($D \quad =$ $+$20.8~cm$^{\mathrm{-1}})$ and HS states ($D \quad =$ -4.80 cm$^{\mathrm{-1}}$, $E \quad =$ 2.175 cm$^{\mathrm{-1}})$. References: 1. Kahn, O., and C. Jay Martinez. ``Spin-Transition Polymers: From Molecular Materials Toward Memory Devices.'' \textit{Science}, vol. 279, no. 5347, 2 Jan. 1998, pp. 44--48., doi:10.1126/science.279.5347.44. 2. Capel Berdiell, Izar, et al. ``Frontispiece: An Incomplete Spin Transition Associated with a Z$\prime =$1$\to $Z$\prime =$24 Crystallographic Symmetry Breaking.'' \textit{Chemistry - A European Journal}, vol. 24, no. 20, 7 Nov. 2017, pp. 1--5., doi:10.1002/chem.201882065. [Preview Abstract] |
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C01.00026: Collimator optimization for BL3: Next generation neutron beam lifetime experiment Paul Harmston The BL3 experiment intends to accurately measure the lifetime of the free neutron via the beam method. Previous beam experiments were limited by statistics. A primary goal of BL3 is to reduce statistical and systematic uncertainties to resolve the discrepancy between beam and bottle methods with greater confidence. To evolve our knowledge of systematic effects a solid understanding of the neutron beam spot size on the detector is needed to verify near complete detection. A series of simulations in the ray tracing software MCstas was performed to verify spot size and maximize both the neutron flux and count rate. [Preview Abstract] |
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C01.00027: Development of a Novel Jet Tagging Technique for LHC Collisions Elliott Kauffman The ATLAS Experiment attempts to discover new phenomena through proton collisions performed by the LHC. I present a new search method for new phenomena in LHC events with a jet $+ \quad \gamma $ using the metric ``Energy Movers Distance'' (EMD), which quantifies the difference between jets. By tagging anomalous jets, new physics could be uncovered. EMD appears promising in that it is model-independent and involves a CWOLA (Classification without Labels) search between mass bins, instead of using simulations. This study analyzes the distribution of this metric for events with a jet and a photon, comparing events grouped by the combined jet$+\gamma $ mass based on the EMD values. The sensitivity of an EMD study is tested through two methods. The first uses the average EMD value in a particular mass bin. The second uses a k-nearest neighbors approach. These are tested on simulated ATLAS data, then injecting anomalous jets into the data at various ratios to determine whether observing them is possible. I conclude that a more sensitive approach to the analysis of signal injection is needed. This will include a more in-depth statistical analysis, using different injection samples or applying these strategies to ATLAS data directly to determine how different jets need to be for them to be tagged. [Preview Abstract] |
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C01.00028: Developing S.T.E.M. Outreach in Younger Generations During a Pandemic Amanda Kennell, Manvi Sharma, Rebecca Wilcox Developing interests and skills associated with STEM careers (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) in young people can have a significant impact on the intellectual growth of the individual and community. Unfortunately, even though schools recognize the value of STEM development, some schools struggle to meet their student's needs. This is especially true in rural and urban school systems. The University of Alabama has established a program called STEM Outreach (STEMO) to provide the youth of Birmingham opportunities to develop scientific thought and critical thinking through mentoring on STEM-based activities with STEM-field professionals. Previously STEMO volunteers partnered with middle school students from Freedom Reign Academy, John Herbert Phillips Academy, and the Eureka Program at Girls, Inc. Now with the pandemic, the need for distance-learning activities is clear to maintain relationships with these schools. As such STEMO members are designing experiments with walk-through videos and written instructions. Each participant receives their STEM experiment free-of-charge mailed in a box. The hope of the STEMO volunteers is to provide young people fun opportunities to develop interest and discover their place in the STEM community. [Preview Abstract] |
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C01.00029: Implementing and Evaluating the Efficiency of a Quantum Linear Systems Algorithm Dhruv Yalamanchi We demonstrate the advantage quantum computers bring to solving computationally intensive tasks by presenting the results of determining the solutions to large systems of linear equations using both a quantum algorithm and a classical, deterministic algorithm. In the quantum approach, we implement the Harrow-Hassidim-Lloyd (HHL) algorithm for solving linear systems using a quantum programming language called Qiskit. HHL fundamentally operates using a method called eigenvalue inversion. For the classical algorithm, we implement a Python algorithm that computes the exact solution to the input system of equations using Gaussian elimination with partial pivoting, one of the most efficient classical algorithms. We then feed randomly generated square matrix equations representing $n$ by $n$ linear systems into these two algorithms and record how internal properties such as matrix condition number and sparsity impact metrics such as runtime and solution fidelity. Scaling $n$ enables us to experimentally determine the respective time complexities of the algorithms and compare their efficiencies. We show that, unlike Gaussian elimination, HHL has a strong dependence on condition number and sparsity and scales logarithmically in $n$, providing a noticeable speedup for sufficiently large systems. [Preview Abstract] |
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C01.00030: Six-body van der Waals interactions Jianing Han Van der Waals interactions are dipole-dipole interactions. In this article, we focus on three-dimensional few-body van der Waals interactions. Specifically, we focus on six dipoles interacting through pair-wise van der Waals interactions. This study has many potential applications. For example, the result may be applied to physics, chemistry, chemical engineering, and other fields of sciences and engineering, such as breaking molecules. [Preview Abstract] |
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C01.00031: Application of Clustering ML Algorithms on Neutron Lifetime Data Eli Carter The BL2 experiment is an absolute counting experiment that hopes to experimentally find the neutron lifetime using the beam method. In BL2, different classes of events are recorded by the system. These can include multiple protons being trapped at once, neutrons decaying outside the trapping area, and cosmic rays interfering. Previously, mathematical transformations and filters were used to separate out the true and multiple hits from noise. These methods can still leave ambiguity between different types of events and require a user to determine which filter to apply. This paper will explore the application of clustering algorithms to the data, using it to group the different types of events. The KMEANS, DBSCAN, and HDBSCAN algorithms will be applied to the data, analyzed, and the best will be tested on generated pseudo data to find its accuracy. [Preview Abstract] |
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C01.00032: Decision Theory for the Mass Measurements at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams Jesse Farr Nuclear physics facilities, like the Facility for Rare Isotopic Beams (FRIB), have access to thousands of isotopes ready to be researched. Like the name FRIB suggests, rare isotopes are of significant interest, especially ones that have not yet been experimentally observed. However, creating these rare isotopes comes with a cost, both monetary costs and time. Thus, it is advantageous to quantify the amount of information gained by studying a specific isotope in comparison with its beam time, cost, and human effort that will go into the experiment. Decision theory can achieve this goal by maximizing a utility function. We are choosing to analyze only nuclear mass measurements at FRIB, and are assuming that the most costly element is the beam time required to perform the mass measurement. In the simplest form, the information gained by a mass measurement is the change in the information content of the probability distribution of all nuclear masses. In this work, we model the information gain obtained by nuclear mass measurements from two perspectives: first from the perspective of theoretical mass models as understood by mass tabulations, and the second from the perspective of r-process nucleosynthesis. [Preview Abstract] |
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