Bulletin of the American Physical Society
2005 Joint Spring Meeting Ohio Section of APS and the Southern Ohio Section of AAPT
Friday–Saturday, April 8–9, 2005; Dayton, OH
Session D4: Electro-Optics |
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Chair: Joe Haus Room: SC 128 |
Saturday, April 9, 2005 8:00AM - 8:12AM |
D4.00001: Optical Studies and Poling of DNA NLO Waveguides Emily Heckman, Perry Yaney, James Grote, F. Kenneth Hopkins Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), extracted from salmon sperm through an enzyme isolation process, is precipitated with a surfactant complex, cetyltrimethl-ammonium (CTMA), for application as a nonlinear optical material. Preliminary characterization studies suggest that DNA-CTMA may be suitable for use as the host material in the poled core layer of electro-optically-active waveguide devices. Poling results and techniques for poled chromophore-DNA-CTMA films will be discussed. Optical characterization studies of the DNA-CTMA films, including optical propagation losses and considerations in making DNA-CTMA an optical quality material, will be presented. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, April 9, 2005 8:12AM - 8:24AM |
D4.00002: Investigation of Marine Derived DNA for use as a Cladding Layer in Electro-Optics Joshua Hagen, Stephen Clarson, James Grote, Perry Yaney Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) extracted and purified from salmon sperm was investigated for use in electro-optic devices as a cladding layer. DNA was analyzed as a cladding material for two different chromophore systems, Disperse Red 1 (DR1), and Cheng-Larry Dalton 1 (CLD1) in a PMMA guest/host system. A baseline device, comprised only of a 1.7micron layer of PMMA, was tested for non-linearity with each chromophore, with the r33 value increasing with increasing temperature and voltage. Doublestack devices included a 1micron thick DNA film as the cladding layer with the baseline core layer above. The recorded r33 values were accurate within 5 percent of the calculated values with the DR1 chromophore, and within 20 percent with the CLD1 chromophore, hence showing good device reproducibility. In addition to the application of a cladding layer, DNA has possible applications in other electronic devices. This prospect is possible by the relationship of molecular weight to electrical resistivity, with resistivities reaching 1x10e8 Ohm*cm. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, April 9, 2005 8:24AM - 8:36AM |
D4.00003: Quenching of two-photon pumped fluorescence in an organic dye molecule David Pikas, Mark Walker, Christopher Brewer, Bala Sankaran, Loon-Seng Tan, Rachel Jakubiak, Sean Kirkpatrick, Peter Powers Organic materials exhibiting strong two-photon absorption cross-sections and subsequent up-converted fluorescence have been targeted for use in a variety of applications including optical data storage, nondestructive imaging, frequency up-converted lasing, and microfabrication. The nonlinear photophysical properties of a two-photon absorbing chromophore, AF455, were examined through the use of nonlinear fluorescence and z-scan experiments. Experiments were performed on AF455 in an assortment of solvents and it has been determined that the two-photon emission properties of the chromophore are affected by the solvent environment. The polarity of the solvent caused a shift in the fluorescence spectrum and solvent mixtures containing carbon disulfide experienced a significant quenching of the fluorescence emission. Both of these effects are consistent with what has been studied in linear fluorescence spectroscopy, however, they are not well-studied with respect to two-photon fluorescence. We will present the initial results of our work on this topic and also discuss the effect of the solvent on the nonlinear optical properties of the chromophore. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, April 9, 2005 8:36AM - 8:48AM |
D4.00004: Poling Protocols: Order Makes a Difference John Zetts, Joshua Hagen, James Grote The electric field poling process used to create noncentrosymmetric order in an amorphous polymer, thus creating an electro-optic (EO) material, is accomplished by heating the material to its glass transition temperature T$_{g}$ , applying a large voltage V$_{p}$ across it, and then holding the sample under these conditions for several minutes. Afterward, the sample is cooled to room temperature with the applied voltage still on. Previously, it was generally believed that it made no difference in the final EO activity produced in the sample as to how the material was taken from room temperature and zero applied voltage to its poling state at V$_{p}$ , T$_{g}$ . Recent studies in our labs now strongly suggest that greater EO activity can be realized by adopting the V-T poling protocol: i.e. raising the sample's voltage in increments to its final value V$_{p}$ , while keeping it at room temperature, and then increasing its temperature in increments until T$_{g}$ is reached. Compared to the opposite T-V protocol, EO coefficients some 40{\%} greater have been observed with this method. We will present data which establishes this effect and then present some elementary conduction models as to why the V-T procedure works much better than the T-V one. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, April 9, 2005 8:48AM - 9:00AM |
D4.00005: Electro-optic effective medium composite materials Brad Birchfield, Robert Nelson, Joe Haus, Perry Yaney Linear optical effective medium theory has long been applied to materials dating back to the work of Maxwell Garnett. Nonlinear optical effective medium theory however is not as well known and has been an active area of research for only the last 20 years. Application to electro-optics in particular is almost nonexistent and in this work we investigate the implications of applying effective medium theory to electro-optic materials. We present ongoing work in sample construction as well as types of samples to be attempted in the near future. The potential usefulness extends into many applications for electro-optic materials. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, April 9, 2005 9:00AM - 9:12AM |
D4.00006: Characterization of Thermo-optic and Thermal Expansion Coefficients of Semiconductors Christopher DiRocco, Glen Gillen, Shekhar Guha The functionality of any material depends on our knowledge of its fundamental properties. A better understanding of these properties can be used to predict the behavior of the material under various conditions, evaluate possible applications of the material or to classify the makeup of unidentified materials. Two valuable properties of a material are the thermo-optic and the thermal expansion coefficients. These coefficients are specifically necessary for any material used in non-linear experiments or modeling where the thermal environment is a variable. This session will describe the application of a Fabry-Perot interferometer setup in order to investigate temperature's effect on a material's optical path length between room and cryogenic temperatures and how to use this information to determine a material's thermo-optic and thermal expansion coefficients. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, April 9, 2005 9:12AM - 9:24AM |
D4.00007: Micro-Optic Waveguide on IRFPA With Reticulated Pixels Lirong Sun, Andrew Sarangan, John Devitt, Mike Garter A micro-optic waveguide design with a simple grooved notch structure above the reticulated detector gaps to deflect incoming wave towards the detector material and away from the gaps will be presented. Simulation and analysis of a Gaussian beam through the micro-optic waveguide structure by applying 3-D Finite-Difference Beam Propagation Method and 2-D Finite-Difference Time Domain Method is shown. The model shows the high waveguide efficiency away from the pixel gaps. The fill factor increases with the deep etch height or large etch angle and the narrow etch opening width which becomes smaller than the wavelength. The wavelength dependence of fill factor is also analyzed. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, April 9, 2005 9:24AM - 9:36AM |
D4.00008: Analytic, Graphical, and Geometric Solutions for the Band Edges of One-Dimensional Photonic Band Gap Materials Frank Szmulowicz The conditions for the band gap edges of one-dimensional photonic band gap (PBG) materials are presented in alternate forms that lead to new analytic, graphical, and geometric solutions and interpretations. Heretofore unavailable analytical conditions for the band edges of quarter wave/half wave and eighth wave/half wave PBG structures are derived. The graphical solution has the form of an intersection of an invariant (material dependent) figure with a straight (structure dependent) line, a convenient separation not possible with the Kronig-Penney (KP) equation. The geometric solution is represented by the sides and angles of simple triangles. The present formalism should help in visualizing the PBG band gap formation beyond the view offered by the KP equation. [Preview Abstract] |
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