Bulletin of the American Physical Society
2007 Ohio Section APS/SOS/AAPT Joint Fall Meeting
Volume 52, Number 15
Friday–Saturday, October 19–20, 2007; Oxford, Ohio
Session C5: Nanomaterials and Optics |
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Chair: Jan Yarrison-Rice, Miami University Room: Culler Hall 218 |
Saturday, October 20, 2007 8:30AM - 8:42AM |
C5.00001: Fabrication of a Photonic Band Gap (PBG) Wavelength Demultiplexing Device Siwei Cao, Meron Tekeste, Jan Yarrison-Rice We successfully modeled a two and three channel wavelength demultiplexer based on photonic band gap crystals,\footnote{M.Y Tekeste and J.M.Yarrison-Rice, \textit{Opt. Exp}. \textbf{14}, 7931-7942 (2006).} assembled the optical characterization setup and initialized the device fabrication process. This PBG device is being fabricated in a 200 nm thick Si$_{3}$N$_{4}$ core planar waveguide on SiO$_{2}$ cladding layer using air pores with 150 nm diameter and 213 nm pitches. Fabrication steps include Cr wet etching after PMMA e-beam exposure, and final plasma etching of airpores in Si$_{3}$N$_{4}$. To date we have successfully exposed the device pattern with e-beam lithography and obtained airpores and coupling cavities within specification. After wet etching the Cr, AFM results are presented in which we study the hard Cr mask which will be used for plasma etching of final device. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, October 20, 2007 8:42AM - 8:54AM |
C5.00002: High resolution optical imaging of single nanostructures for optical spectroscopy Joshua Nohle, Melodie Fichenscher, Howard Jackson, Leigh Smith, Jan Yarrison-Rice, Y.-J. Choi, K.-J. Choi, J.-G. Park We have fabricated two types of solid immersion lenses (SIL) to significantly increase the optical spatial resolution of a microscope objective.~~~In the first type, we grind and polish a single 5 mm BK7 sphere to a hemisphere and directly image small 300 and 900 nm polystyrene spheres on the flat part of the hemisphere to show that the optical resolution of a 0.5NA microscope objective changes from 1 micron in air to 0.6 microns with the SIL.~ To gain more flexibility, we replace the hemisphere with two separate parts:~ the first part is a 1 mm microscope slide made of BK7, and the hemisphere is completed by placing a 1.5 mm thick truncated section of a 5 mm diameter BK7 sphere.~ In this way, the truncated SIL can be moved across the surface of the microscope slide allowing a number of different nanostructures to be directly imaged across the back of the microscope slide.~ As a final test of this technique, we directly image Raman scattered light from a 3 x 30 micron CdS nanosheet which is 50 nm thick. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, October 20, 2007 8:54AM - 9:06AM |
C5.00003: Two-Dimensional Crystallization of Microspheres by Drop-Drying Lindsay Sanzenbacher, Terry Bigioni When a drop of colloidal solution is dried, nearly all of the particles are deposited at the drop's edge, due to fluid flows inside the evaporating drop. The remaining particles typically form disordered deposits inside the drop's perimeter. My research studies the mechanism involved in the opposite effect, formation of a uniform and highly-ordered monolayer of colloidal spheres, namely, 800 nm polystyrene microspheres. For a monolayer to form, two key conditions must be achieved. First, the particles must be transferred from the bulk of the drop to the liquid-air interface. The interface must in turn be sticky enough to trap the particles, enabling 2D array formation. This interfacial stickiness is due to surface tension. Interfacial interactions are well understood for microspheres, but the evaporation kinetics are not. I have altered the kinetics in various ways to bring the particles in contact with the liquid-air interface, by changing the evaporation rate and drying drops upside down. Some strategies have resulted in interfacial particles, but a highly-ordered monolayer has not yet been achieved. Further study of these methods will be done to determine the best way to promote 2D crystallization and to gain a more complete understanding of the mechanism. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, October 20, 2007 9:06AM - 9:18AM |
C5.00004: Use of Glauber P distributions to characterize entanglement Jeff Hyde, Perry Rice Engangled states are a rich part of quantum mechanics that may have use in various computational and communication schemes, but for mixed or multipartite systems there is no good measure of entanglement, or a cirteria to deterime if a state is entangled or not. Nonclassical states always have a Glauber P distribution that takes on a negative value. We explore joint distribution properties to try and find ways to characterize the amount or presence of entanglement. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, October 20, 2007 9:18AM - 9:30AM |
C5.00005: Cavity QED with Quantized Center of Mass Motion Felipe Andrade, Perry Rice We consider the photon statistics and conditioned field measurements for a driven optical cavity with a two-level atom inside, with a trapping potential for the atom that results in quantized center of mass motion. Previous work has focused on weak driving fields and has been restricted to the Lamb-Dicke regime. We relax those constraints in this work. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, October 20, 2007 9:30AM - 9:42AM |
C5.00006: Real-time measurement of the complex refractive index of turbid colloidal suspensions Samir Bali, William Calhoun, LM Bali, Michael McClimans, Sharmishtha Roy We demonstrate the simultaneous measurement of the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index of turbid colloidal suspensions by measurement of the intensity reflected from the turbid sample of an incident laser beam. The entire reflectance curve for a range of incident angles around the critical angle for total internal reflection is obtained in real time. We find that the reflectance data can be fit very well using a simple plane-wave Fresnel theory. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time good agreement between the reflection data and theory has been demonstrated for turbid samples. For our turbid samples we use milk, and Liposyn which is a tissue-simulating liquid phantom that is widely used in investigations of the scattering of light in human tissue. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, October 20, 2007 9:42AM - 9:54AM |
C5.00007: Quantum trajectory simulation of a quantum teleportation protocol based on collective spontaneous emission Richard Wagner, James Clemens Recently a conditional quantum teleportation protocol has been proposed by Chen, {\it et al.} [{\it New J. Phys.} {\bf 7}, 172 (2005)] which is based on the collective spontaneous emission of a photon from a pair of quantum dots. We formulate a similar protocol for collective emission from a pair of atoms, one of which is entangled with a single mode of an optical cavity. We focus on the performance of the protocol as characterized by the fidelity of the teleported state and the overall success probability. We consider strategies employing temporally resolved photodetection, spatially resolved photodetection, and both in combination, of the emitted photon in order to distinguish superradiant from subradiant emission on the basis of a single detected photon. We find the fidelity approaches unity for all of the strategies as the spacing of the atoms becomes much smaller than the emission wavelength with a success probablity of 0.25. The fidelity remains above the classical limit of 2/3 for spatially resolved detection for arbitrary atomic separations with the ultimate limit of performance coming from the spatial resolution of the detectors. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, October 20, 2007 9:54AM - 10:06AM |
C5.00008: Investigation of atom and photon transport in optical lattices using intensity correlation measurement Matthew Briel, Sam Bish, Ben Agyare, Samir Bali An optical lattice consists of cold atoms trapped and organized in crystal-like fashion in a periodic structure of potential wells induced by the interference of several laser beams. We describe how intensity correlation measurement of the light scattered from laser-cooled atoms (at temperatures of a few microKelvin) may be used as a sensitive indicator of radiation trapping in the cold atomic sample, and also as a non-invasive probe of the atomic transport between adjacent potential wells of the optical lattice. Experimental progress is reported. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, October 20, 2007 10:06AM - 10:18AM |
C5.00009: Observation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in Rubidium using the Hanle Effect Samir Bali, Iris Zhang We have observed strong EIT signals in room temperature Rubidium vapor using an especially simple experimental setup involving just a single linearly polarized light beam and a collinear magnetic field. The use of a magnetic field to split the linearly polarized light into two effective beams of opposite circular polarization, and induce a Dark state between the Zeeman sublevels of the ground state is known as the Hanle configuration for EIT. We have also observed preliminary signatures of electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA). [Preview Abstract] |
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