Bulletin of the American Physical Society
16th Annual Meeting of the Northwest Section of the APS
Volume 60, Number 6
Thursday–Saturday, May 14–16, 2015; Pullman, Washington
Session B2: Nuclear Physics and Particle Physics |
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Chair: Francesca Sammarruca, University of Idaho Room: Smith Center for Undergraduate Education (CUE) 207 |
Friday, May 15, 2015 1:30PM - 2:00PM |
B2.00001: \textit{Ab Initio} Unified Approach to Nuclear Structure and Reactions Invited Speaker: Petr Navratil In recent years, a significant progress has been made in developing \textit{ab initio} many-body approaches capable of describing bound and scattering states in light nuclei employing Hamiltonians constructed within chiral effective field theory. One of these approaches is the No-Core Shell Model with continuum (NCSMC) [1]. I will introduce the NCSMC and present calculations of resonances of exotic nuclei $^{6,7}$He [1,2] and $^{11}$N, of five- and six-nucleon scattering [3,4], and of the role of chiral three-nucleon interactions in the structure of $^{9}$Be [4] and $^{11}$Be. Further, I will discuss applications to reactions important for astrophysics, such as $^{3}$He($\alpha $,$\gamma )^{7}$Be and $^{3}$H($\alpha $,$\gamma )^{7}$Li radiative capture. Finally, I will highlight our ongoing efforts to describe transfer reactions including the $^{3}$H($d$,$n)^{4}$He fusion. \\[4pt] [1] S. Baroni, P. Navratil, and S. Quaglioni, Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{110}, 022505 (2013); Phys. Rev. C \textbf{87}, 034326 (2013). \\[0pt] [2] Carolina Romero-Redondo, Sofia Quaglioni, Petr Navratil, Guillaume Hupin, Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{113}, 032503 (2014). \\[0pt] [3] Guillaume Hupin, Sofia Quaglioni, Petr Navratil, Phys. Rev. C \textbf{90}, 061601 (2014). \\[0pt] [4] G. Hupin, S. Quaglioni, P. Navratil, arXiv:1412.4101 [nucl-th]. \\[0pt] [5] Joachim Langhammer, Petr Navratil, Sofia Quaglioni, Guillaume Hupin, Angelo Calci, Robert Roth, Phys. Rev. C \textbf{91}, 021301(R) (2015). [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, May 15, 2015 2:00PM - 2:12PM |
B2.00002: Shifted COCG Method in Nuclear Physics Shi Jin, Aurel Bulgac, Kenneth Roche Solving the 3-dimensional Schr\^odinger equations in nuclear many-body problems is always costly in time and resources. Recently, the Shifted Conjugate-Orthogonal-Conjugate-Gradient(COCG) Method has been widely used to calculate the Green's function of a many-electron Hamiltonian. Using this method, we find an approach to solving the density of nuclear matter and energy-levels. Performed in parallel, it can be very fast and with high accuracy. This is quite useful in the calculation of deformed nuclei, and the shell corrections in nuclear binding energy. In this work, we applied COCG method to a 3d Wood-Saxon Hamiltonian with pairing and calculate the density distribution of nuclear matter. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, May 15, 2015 2:12PM - 2:24PM |
B2.00003: The Nucleon-Nucleon interaction in Chiral Effective Field Theory Yevgen Nosyk, Ruprecht Machleidt We will discuss the basics of Chiral Effective Field Theory for the nucleon-nucleon interaction and present recent results developed within this framework, as well as outline the directions for future research. In the past few decades, Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the current fundamental theory of the strong interactions, was successfully applied and verified for high-energy processes. However, for the low energies typical for nuclear physics, QCD defies standard methods of analytical solution, which are applicable for Quantum Electrodynamics and high-energy QCD. Recent attempts to numerically solve the equations of QCD in the low energy limit are increasingly successful (``lattice QCD''). However, due to the high complexity, only simple systems consisting of very few quarks can be calculated that way. The alternative approach is Chiral Perturbation Theory, which is based on the symmetries of the original theory (QCD). I will present the current status of this approach up to sixth order. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, May 15, 2015 2:24PM - 2:36PM |
B2.00004: Analysis of Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) Prototype of International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER)$^{\ddagger}$ Tim Hester, Bogdan Maglich, Dan Scott TFTR \textit{produced world record of 10 million watts of controlled fusion power} [1] (CFP-1994) was summarized in \textit{Review} [1]. We present evidence [2] that: (1) TFTR input vs. output was 40 to 10 MW i.e. a power \underline {loss}. (2) Review claims no \underline {experimental} evidence for thermonuclear CFP production (only a calculation). (3) Ultra-high vacuum (UHV) required for $\tau_{\mathrm{E}} \quad =$ 0.2 s is 10$^{-9}$ torr. TFTR had no UHV pumps, resulting in 10$^{-3}$ torr, restricting $\tau_{\mathrm{E}}$ \textless 10$^{-6}$ s, \textless \textless thermalization time; 0.1 s., hence DT plasma did not occur. (4) Carbon ions were presented as D-T plasma. (5) Unknown neutron detector on unexplained neutron diamagnetic effect, measured ``fusion neutron power'' without particle energy identification, energy or coincidence. (6) 8 of 9 parameters claimed were inferred not measured. Quadratic test of TFTR data results [2] in \underline {zero thermonuclear fusion power contribution} to 10 MW: SFP $=$ (0 $\pm$ 1){\%}. $^{\ddagger}$Submitted to \textit{Physics of Plasmas} $^{\dag}$Deceased\\[4pt] [1] McGuire K.M., et al.: Review of D-T results from TFTR, \textit{Phys. Plasmas} \underline {2}, 2176 (May, 1995)\\[0pt] [2] T. Hester, D.W. Scott, B.C. Maglich, Absence of Exp. Evi. Thermo. Power Production TFTR, \underline {http://world-scientific-education.net} [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, May 15, 2015 2:36PM - 2:48PM |
B2.00005: Elephant in the room: overlooked plasma-destroying reaction with cross section10$^{12}$ times that for fusion necessitates redesign of ITER* Bogdan Maglich, Dan Scott, Tim Hester Existence of \textit{charge transfer} collisions (CT) was overlooked in ITER design [1,2] although CT cross section [3], $\sigma_{\mathrm{CT}}$ $\sim$ 10$^{9}$ b, is $\sim$ 10$^{12}$ times that for fusion, $\sigma_{\mathrm{DT}}$ $\sim$ mb, at T $=$ 10 KeV. CT de-confines plasma by neutralizing ions. Since $\sigma _{\mathrm{CT}} = $ 100 $\sigma_{\mathrm{IO}}$, ion $\tau _{\mathrm{CT}}$ $\sim$ $\tau_{\mathrm{E}} = $ 3x10$^{-7}$ s \textless \textless thermalization time $\sim$ 0.1 s; \underline {plasma cannot form}. $\tau _{\mathrm{E}}$ $\sim$ 1 s requires operating vacuum p $\sim$ 10$^{-9}$ torr, base 10$^{-11}$ torr. CT oversight brings 4 serious but corrigible errors: --Operating at T $=$ 10-30 KeV below Critical ion energy [4,5] E$_{\mathrm{c}}$ $\sim$ 200 KeV, CT prevents plasma formation [6]. Above E$_{\mathrm{c}}$, ion dominates $\tau_{\mathrm{E}} = $ 24 s achieved [8] with 700 KeV D$^{+}$.--No UHV system; base 10$^{-7}$ torr$^{2}$. Based on tenet that $\sigma _{\mathrm{CT}}$/$\sigma_{\mathrm{io}}$ $\sim$ 10$^{2}$, opposite to measured [3] $\sigma _{\mathrm{CT}}$/ $\sigma_{\mathrm{io}}$ $\sim$ 10$^{2}$, ionization \textit{by itself}, acts as UHV ion pump; data show it is compressor.--Neutral injection of 10$^{22}$ D/T s$^{-1}$ will result in pressure $\sim$ 1 torr, a ``poison.''--ITER goal n$\tau $ $\sim$ 10$^{20}$ m$^{-3}$ s$^{-1}$ presented as Lawson [9] is ``1{\%} burn-up'' criterion; real n$\tau $ $\sim$ 10$^{22}$ m$^{3}$s$^{-1}$. *Preprint presented to Fusion Energy Sci. Committee, USDOE 11/11/14. $^{\dag}$Deceased [1] Nucl. Fusion \underline {49} 065012 (2009). [2] \textit{Pumping Systems for ITER}, 3/01 (2001). [3] Physics Scripta, 23, 143 (81). [4] Evid. Crit. Energy, \underline {www.world-scientific-education.net} [5] Ibid Am. Phys. Soc. March Meeting 2015, Abstract T34.00004. [6] Exp. Evidence Absence Thermonuc. Fus. Power prod. In TFTR, \underline {www.world-scientific-education.net}. [7] \textit{Phys. Rev. Lett.} \underline {54}, 769 (85). [8] NIM A 271 1-288 (88). [9] Proc. Phys. Soc. B70, 6, (57). [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, May 15, 2015 2:48PM - 3:00PM |
B2.00006: A Belle II Custom Photomultiplier Tube Derek Fujimoto Belle II is a next generation particle detector with the aim to probe for new physics via precision measurements and rare decays. As the yet in-progress upgrade to the Belle experiment, Belle II hopes to start physics measurements on the SuperKEKB $e^+$$e^-$ accelerator in Tsukuba, Japan, by late 2018. In this presentation, a brief overview of the detector will be presented, along with some of the contributing work done at TRUIMF on a custom photomultiplier tube developed by Hamamatsu, within the context of the Canadian contribution to this upgrade. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, May 15, 2015 3:00PM - 3:30PM |
B2.00007: Break |
Friday, May 15, 2015 3:30PM - 4:00PM |
B2.00008: Nuclear Forces from Quantum Chromodynamics Invited Speaker: Martin Savage I will discuss the state-of-the-art Lattice QCD calculations of quantities of interest in nuclear physics, the binding of light nuclei, their magnetic moments and polarizabilities and a recent calculation of np radiative capture. Also, I will discuss progress that is expected in the near future, and the anticipated impact. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, May 15, 2015 4:00PM - 4:12PM |
B2.00009: Quarkonium and the Belle II Experiment Bryan Fulsom A heavy quark and its anti-quark counterpart bound by the strong force form a well-understood system known as ``quarkonium.'' The study of this system has experienced a recent renaissance thanks to results mainly from e$+$e- collider experiments that may include indications of states consisting of four quarks. The Belle II Experiment, now under construction and expected to start in the coming years, will collect at least an order of magnitude more data than the existing B-Factory samples, and can further explore this area. This talk will focus on some experimental results, the upgrade of the Belle Experiment, and opportunities that will be available at Belle II. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, May 15, 2015 4:12PM - 4:24PM |
B2.00010: Partial reconstruction technique on e$+$ e- collision data from Belle experiment Vikas Bansal Belle experiment collected 772 million B meson-anti B meson pairs at KEKB asymmetric energy e$+$ e- collider. This enormous data among other things also shed light on rare decay process of B mesons. Many reconstruction techniques have been successfully employed to study B meson decay involving neutrinos. Quality measurements with high-resolution demands high signal purity and hence hamper reconstruction efficiency. Partial reconstruction technique can be used on a subset of data where it promises higher efficiency while not deteriorating signal purity. I will discuss these techniques in general and show some preliminary estimates of partial reconstruction for a specific leptonic B meson decay. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, May 15, 2015 4:24PM - 4:36PM |
B2.00011: Generalized Pure Density Matrices and the Standard Model Carl Brannen We consider generalizations of pure density matrices that have $\rho\rho=\rho$, but give up the trace=1 requirement. Given a representation of a quantum algebra in $N\times N$ complex matrices, the elements that satisfy $\rho\rho=\rho$ can be taken to be pure density matrix states. In the Standard Model, particles from different ``superselection sectors'' cannot form linear superpositions. For example, it is impossible to form a linear superposition between an electron and a neutrino. We report that some quantum algebras give symmetry, particle and generation content, gauge freedom, and superselection sectors that are similar to those of the Standard Model. Our lecture will consider as an example the $4\times 4$ complex matrices. There are 16 that are diagonal with $\rho\rho=\rho$. The 4 with trace=1 give the usual pure density matrices. We will show that the 6 with trace=2 form an $SU(3)$ triplet of three superselection sectors, with each sector consisting of an $SU(2)$ doublet. Considering one of these sectors, the mapping to $SU(2)$ is not unique; there is an $SU(2)$ gauge freedom. This gauge freedom is an analogy to the $U(1)$ gauge freedom that arises when converting a pure density matrix to a state vector. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, May 15, 2015 4:36PM - 4:48PM |
B2.00012: Classical and Quantum Spin Angular Momentum Robert Close Classical (orbital) angular momentum density (${\bf r} \times {\bf p}$) is defined in terms of momentum density ($\bf p$) relative to an arbitrary choice of origin (${\bf r} = 0$). It is also possible to define a classical spin angular momentum density (or spin density) as the field whose curl is equal to twice the momentum density of incompressible motion ($\nabla \times {\bf S} = 2{\bf p}$). Integration by parts shows that the two definitions of angular momentum density yield equivalent results for total angular momentum and kinetic energy. Applying classical spin density to the description of elastic waves yields a nonlinear Dirac equation whose momentum and angular momentum operators are equivalent to those found in relativistic quantum mechanics. Particle-like solutions of this equation would have physical properties similar to matter. [Preview Abstract] |
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