Bulletin of the American Physical Society
2006 8th Annual APS Northwest Section Meeting
Friday–Saturday, May 19–20, 2006; Tacoma, Washington
Session C1: Poster Session |
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Room: Wheelock Student Center Lobby, 5:30pm - 6:30pm |
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C1.00001: The Evergreen State College Cyclotron Project Christopher Small, Amandeep Dhillon, Paul Lessard We have designed a cyclotron device capable of performing a variety of experiments. The first stage in our construction is to make our device useable as a FT-ICR spectrometer. To this end we shall mount an array of induction coils to the floor of the orbit chamber to monitor ions. Applying the Fourier transform to the signal from this array will yield the cyclotron frequencies of all species orbiting in the chamber. From these frequencies, and their corresponding amplitudes, we can determine the charge to mass ratio and relative abundance of species in our sample. We will use the device to perform radio isotopic dating, beginning with carbon 14 dating, as a measure of our device's accuracy. During the second stage we will install an exit port for an accelerated particle beam. We have designed a new beam extraction method that may better suit our particular application than the standard methods. At this stage we will use the signal coming from the induction array to determine the frequency at which we should switch the potential between the cyclotron chamber halves. This allows us to synchronize the accelerating voltage and the particle's orbit in such a way that we can effectively accelerate particles to relativistic speeds. [Preview Abstract] |
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C1.00002: The Evergreen State College Cyclotron Project Amandeep Dhillon, Paul Lessard, Chris Small We have designed a multipurpose cyclotron device, which may be used to conduct a variety of experiments. We are building our device in stages. Our first stage is a FT-ICR spectrometer, which uses an array of induction coils to monitor orbits in the chamber. We will then take the signal and subject it to the Fourier transform, yielding the cyclotron frequencies of all species orbiting in the chamber. Once we have these frequencies, and amplitudes, we can determine the charge to mass ratio, and relative abundance of our species. This type of spectroscopy can distinguish between species with similar masses. We will then use the radio isotopic dating ladder, which requires higher and higher accuracies, beginning with carbon 14 dating, as a measure of our success. Stage two consists of installing an exit port for the accelerated particle beam. For this we have designed a new extraction method that may better suit our particular application rather than the standard methods. At this stage we will use the signal coming from the induction array to determine the frequency at which we oscillate the potential across the gap. This allows us to synchronize the accelerating voltage and the particles orbit such that we can effectively accelerate particles even when at relativistic speeds. [Preview Abstract] |
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C1.00003: Internet Based Open Access Crystallographic Databases Girish Upreti, Bjoern Seipel, Morgan Harvey, Will Garrick, Peter Moeck Two freely accessible crystallographic databases are discussed: the Crystallographic Open Database (COD, http://crystallography.net) which contains over 37,000 crystal structures, and the Nano-Crystallography Database (NCD, http://nanocrystallography.research.pdx.edu) which we recently started to support image-based nanocrystallography and (nano) materials science education. Both databases collect crystallographic relevant information in a standardized format; the Crystallographic Information File (CIF). CIF is the standard file format adopted by the International Union of Crystallography (http://iucr.org) for the archiving and distribution of crystallographic information. A subset of the COD, the Predicted Crystallographic Online Database, allows for 3D structural displays of structural polyhedra and wireframes of approximately 2,600 entries. Since electron microscopist are interested in simple, yet technologically important materials, the crystallographic information for those materials will be included in our database. At our NCD site, entries in the COD and the NCD can be visualized in three dimensions (3D) along with (2D) lattice fringe fingerprints plots. The latter supports the identification of unknown nanocrystal phases from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images. Morphological crystal information from the database ``Bestimmungstabellen f\"ur Kristalle/ ???????????? ??????????,'' (A.K. Boldyrew and W.W. Doliwo-Dobrowolsky, Zentrales Wissenschaftlichers Institute der Geologie und Sch\"urfung, Leningrad/ Moscow, 1937/1939) will also be included in the NCD to support image-based nanocrystallography in 3D. [Preview Abstract] |
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C1.00004: Spinning Tubes: An Authentic Research Experience in a Three-Hour Laboratory Arnold Sikkema, Steven Steenwyk, John Zwart We present a three-hour lab exercise which is a microcosm of physics research, starting with the discovery of an intriguing and mysterious phenomenon, and including participation in ``research conferences'' and the interplay of theory and experiment. Students are given a small segment of PVC pipe marked at opposite ends with different symbols and instructed to observe what happens when it is placed on a horizontal surface and one end pushed downward by thumb to initiate a rotation. Most students immediately recognize the amazing result that the symbol at one end is visible while the other is not, and set about trying to discover why. Working in pairs initially, they are provided with opportunities to request equipment from a ``granting agency'' and conferences and collaborations are encouraged. The main objective of the lab, to experience the scientific enterprise, is achieved without difficulty as the students are quickly caught up in their search for explanations, usually culminating in a full-class effort with significant contributions coming from all quarters. [Preview Abstract] |
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C1.00005: Radiation Detection Material Discovery Initiative at PNNL Brian Milbrath Today's security threats are being met with 30-year old radiation technology. Discovery of new radiation detection materials is currently a slow and Edisonian process. With heightened concerns over nuclear proliferation, terrorism and unconventional warfare, an alternative strategy for identification and development of potential radiation detection materials must be adopted. Through the Radiation Detection Materials Discovery Initiative, PNNL focuses on the science-based discovery of next generation materials for radiation detection by addressing three ``grand challenges'': fundamental understanding of radiation detection, identification of new materials, and accelerating the discovery process. The new initiative has eight projects addressing these challenges, which will be described, including early work, paths forward and the opportunities for collaboration. [Preview Abstract] |
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C1.00006: Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of He-3 Gas Transport Richard Jacob, Kevin Minard Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has long been used to quantify fluid flow, a technique that has widespread medical use in angiography. Gas flow imaging in pulmonary airways, however, is much more challenging, because of low MR signals received from conventional gases and because of the high diffusivity of gases. Here, we show the feasibility of quantifying gas flow in major airways of adult rats by using hyperpolarized He-3 flowing through a straight tube at physiological flow rates. Measured maps of axial flow and diffusion are accurately predicted using a simple transport model that describes the statistical dynamics of He-3. Since the model is generally applicable to any flow conduit, results provide a basis for gas transport studies with noninvasive He-3 MRI. [Preview Abstract] |
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C1.00007: Two Photon Spectroscopy of Rubidium Using a Grating-Feedback Diode Laser Evan Carlson, Abraham Olson, Shannon Mayer We describe an experiment for investigating the 5S 1/2 to 5D 5/2 two-photon transition in rubidium using a grating-feedback diode laser operating at 778.1 nm. Tuning of the laser frequency over 4 GHz allows for the clear resolution of the Doppler-free spectral features and accurate measurement of the hyperfine ground-state splitting. A direct comparison between Doppler-broadened and Doppler-free spectral features is possible because both are distinctly evident in the spectra. By modifying the polarization state of the two laser fields, the impact of electric dipole selection rules on the spectra is investigated. This experiment is a valuable addition to the advanced laboratory; it uses much of the same equipment as the single-photon saturated absorption spectroscopy experiment performed on the 5S 1/2 to 5P 3/2 transition in rubidium at 780.24 nm and provides students with an opportunity to investigate characteristics of atomic spectra not evident in the single-photon experiment. Moreover, rubidium two-photon transitions are of interest as new optical frequency standards due to their transition wavelength and narrow linewidth. [Preview Abstract] |
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C1.00008: To the Photon Acceleration Effect Russell Moon, Victor Vasiliev Using the principles of the Vortex Theory, it was theorized that when a photon encounters an electromagnetic field, both the velocity and the frequency of the photon will increase. To prove this revolutionary idea an experiment was devised using a laser interferometer and two electromagnets. The electromagnets were arranged so that when the beam splitter divided the initial beam of laser light into two secondary beams; one of the two secondary beams passed back and forth between the two magnets. It was determined that this new effect was a phenomenon created by the increasing frequency of the laser light whose velocity is increasing as it passes between the expanding electromagnetic field of the magnets. Because it is a new phenomenon in science revealing that the speed of light is not a constant but indeed can be varied, it possesses great historical significance. It is called the Photon Acceleration Effect. . . Konstantin A. Gridnev, Russell G. Moon, Victor V. Vasiliev. Experiment that discovered the Photon Acceleration Effect, Book of abstracts International Symposium on Origin of Matter and Evolution of Galaxies (OMEG05), New Horizon of Nuclear Astrophysics and Cosmology, November 8-11, 2005, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, p. 77. [Preview Abstract] |
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C1.00009: Controversy surrounding the Experiment conducted to prove the Vortex Theory Victor Vasiliev, Russell Moon Great controversy surrounds the discovery of the photon acceleration effect. Using the principles of the Vortex Theory, it was theorized that when a photon encounters an electromagnetic field, both the velocity and the frequency of the photon will increase. However, according to contemporary 20$^{th}$ century science, the effect is believed to be created only by an increase in the wavelength of light. To resolve the controversy, a second experiment must be conducted. The magnets used to conduct the original experiment must be placed in the stream of the laser light of an instrument capable of measuring the speed of light to a value of at least plus or minus 10 meters per second. Since the mathematics reveal that these magnets should increase the speed of light by 4800 mps such an instrument should be capable of resolving the conflict. 1. Konstantin A. Gridnev, Russell G. Moon, Victor V. Vasiliev. Experiment that discovered the Photon Acceleration Effect, Book of abstracts International Symposium on Origin of Matter and Evolution of Galaxies (OMEG05), New Horizon of Nuclear Astrophysics and Cosmology, November 8-11, 2005, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, p. 77. [Preview Abstract] |
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C1.00010: A New Solution for Einstein Field Equation in General Relativity Sadegh Mousavi There are different solutions for Einstein field equation in general relativity that they have been proposed by different people the most important solutions are Schwarzchild, Reissner Nordstrom, Kerr and Kerr Newmam. However, each one of these solutions limited to special case. I've found a new solution for Einstein field equation which is more complete than all previous ones and this solution contains the previous solutions as its special forms. In this talk I will present my new metric for Einstein field equation and the Christofel symbols and Richi and Rieman tensor components for the new metric that I have calculated them by GR TENSOR software. As a result I will determine the actual movement of black holes which is different From Kerr black hole's movement. Finally this new solution predicts, existence of a new and constant field in the nature (that nobody can found it up to now), so in this talk I will introduce this new field and even I will calculate the amount of this field. \textbf{SADEGH MOUSAVI,} Amirkabir University of Technology. [Preview Abstract] |
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C1.00011: Tidal Locking Of The Earth Michael Koohafkan The Moon's orbit and spin period are nearly synchronized, or tidally locked. Could the Moon's orbit and the Earth's spin eventually synchronize as well? The Moon's gravitational pull on the Earth produces tides in our oceans, and tidal friction gradually lengthens our days. Less obvious gravitational interactions between the Earth and Moon may also have effects on Earth's spin. The Earth is slightly distorted into an egg-like shape, and the torque exerted by the Moon on our equatorial bulge slowly changes the tilt of our spin axis. How do effects such as these change as the Moon drifts away from Earth? I will examine gravitational interactions between Earth and Moon to learn how they contribute to the deceleration of the Earth's rotation. My goal is to determine the amount of time it would take for the Earth's rotational speed to decelerate until the period of a single rotation matches the period of the Moon's orbit around Earth -- when the Earth is ``tidally locked'' with the Moon. I aim to derive a general mathematical expression for the rotational deceleration of the Earth due to Moon's gravitational influences. [Preview Abstract] |
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C1.00012: LITE Effects in the Interpretation of Eclipse Times of the Binary System 44i-Bootes Scott Henderson, Kasandra Jorgensen, Thomas Olsen Observers, including ourselves, have collected data on the eclipse times of the eclipsing binary star system 44i-Bootes. The binary system is gravitationally bound to a third star, forming a visual binary. To infer the time of eclipse in the frame of the eclipsing binary system, one must account for the varying travel time of the light on its way to the Earth: the Light Time Effect (LITE). In this work we find that LITE alters the apparent rate at which the period between eclipses is slowly increasing from 10.5 $\frac {\mu s} {orbit}$ to 8.5 $\frac {\mu s} {orbit}$. [Preview Abstract] |
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C1.00013: Recent Observations of the Eclipsing Binary Star System: 44i-Bootes Christina Thompson, Scott Henderson, Satomi Sugaya, Thomas Olsen We report results from summer 2005 in an ongoing study of the eclipsing binary star system: 44i-Bootes. Light curves, representing the intensity of illumination received from the system over the course of a night were measured for a number of clear nights. The observation system has been improved with the introduction of a computer-guided 16" Ritchie-Chretien reflector. From this data, the time of eclipse is inferred. The period between eclipses has been slowly increasing since observations began, nearly a century ago. Residuals computed after the lengthening period is taken into account suggest an oscillation with a 60+ year period. [Preview Abstract] |
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C1.00014: Theoretical modeling of the catch-slip bond transition in biological adhesion Kim Gunnerson, Yuriy Pereverzev, Oleg Prezhdo The mechanism by which leukocytes leave the blood stream and enter inflamed tissue is called extravasation. This process is facilitated by the ability of selectin proteins, produced by the endothelial cells of blood vessels, to form transient bonds with the leukocytes. In the case of P-selectin, the protein bonds with P-selectin glycoprotein ligands (PSGL-1) produced by the leukocyte. Recent atomic force microscopy and flow chamber analyses of the binding of P-selectin to PSGL-1 provide evidence for an unusual biphasic catch-bond/slip-bond behavior in response to the strength of exerted force. This biphasic process is not well-understood. There are several theoretical models for describing this phenomenon. These models use different profiles for potential energy landscapes and how they change under forces. We are exploring these changes using molecular dynamics. We will present a simple theoretical model as well as share some of our early MD results for describing this phenomenon. [Preview Abstract] |
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C1.00015: Characterizing Strength of Chaotic Dynamics and Numerical Simulation Relevant to Modified Taylor-Couette Flow with Hourglass Geometry Yu Hou, Adam Kowalski, Kjell Schroder, Andrew Halmstad, Thomas Olsen, Richard Wiener We characterize the strength of chaos in two different regimes of Modified Taylor-Couette flow with Hourglass Geometry: the formation of Taylor Vortices with laminar flow and with turbulent flow. We measure the strength of chaos by calculating the correlation dimension and the Kaplan-Yorke dimension based upon the Lyapunov Exponents of each system. We determine the reliability of our calculations by considering data from a chaotic electronic circuit. In order to predict the behavior of the Modified Taylor-Couette flow system, we employ simulations based upon an idealized Reaction-Diffusion model with a third order non-linearity in the reaction rate. Variation of reaction rate with length corresponds to variation of the effective Reynolds Number along the Taylor-Couette apparatus. We present preliminary results and compare to experimental data. [Preview Abstract] |
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C1.00016: Energy Transitions of Single Bubble Sonoluminescence Sarah Neal, Chris Casasnovas, Matthew Eggers Acoustic cavitation and collapse of a solitary gas bubble in an otherwise degassed liquid medium results in photon emissions. The mechanism triggered by this collapse, which leads to the emission, is unknown. This photon emission lasts only pico- seconds and is often very faint. If the light emitting transition occurs on the surface of the bubble rather than the bubble cavity, then the polarity and surface tension properties of the medium will effect the emission. Light data will be collected via a photo-multiplier tube to mathematically isolate the effects for varying surface properties of bubbles in varying mediums. We intend to measure energy transitions of the medium via spectroscopy and temperature differentials using an experimental design described by Hiller and Barber in the article ``Producing Light from a Bubble of Air'' in Scientific American, Feb. 1995. [Preview Abstract] |
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C1.00017: Quantum Thermoelectrics at Carnot Efficiency Eric Hoffmann Advancements in chemical beam epitaxy growth techniques have lead to heterostructured nanowires with very sharp interfaces. With these precise growth techniques, it is possible to engineer nanowires with very specific quantum mechanical properties. Nanoscale quantum---mechanically---engineered devices have the potential to achieve what macroscale devices cannot. In particular, recent theory predicts heterostructured nanowires might be capable of transporting electrons adiabatically, ultimately leading to the creation of microscopic thermoelectric devices which operate at a higher efficiency than any macroscopic thermoelectric. [Preview Abstract] |
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C1.00018: What makes a good spark plug? Andrew Yu The quality and condition of spark plugs play a key role in achieving peak efficiency of a gasoline internal combustion engine. Since the first mass-produced spark plug, the design has remained constant, but the materials used in making them have changed. The original copper and nickel center and ground electrodes have been replaced with materials such as platinum and iridium. I will study the thermal and electrical conductivity and resistance to corrosion of a variety of spark plugs, and compare their performance to manufacturer's claims. [Preview Abstract] |
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C1.00019: Fix Weak Link to Sustainable Energy with Amorphous H-Filter J.A. Van Vechten Guanidine is a practical carbon-neutral fuel that can be made from H, N, and CO2 to supply H to fuel cells or NH3 to ICEs. Wind energy is now economic. The weak link is H-filters for electrolysis of water. A dense random packing of hard spheres type amorphous metal film is a much better H-filter than the present art. DRPHS type a-metals, e.g. GdCoMo films in magnetic bubble memories, are effectively jellium with extreme atomic density and Fermi energy. As expected for jellium, they have a large work function, good stability, malleability, and strength and are diffusion barriers to everything but protons, which diffuse rapidly. Films made by sputtering from mischmetal, Fe, and Cr are affordable. They can also serve in H fuel cells. (J. A. Van Vechten, R. J. Gambino, J. J. Cuomo, IBM J. Res. Devel. 23 278 (1979)) [Preview Abstract] |
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