Bulletin of the American Physical Society
2007 APS March Meeting
Volume 52, Number 1
Monday–Friday, March 5–9, 2007; Denver, Colorado
Session X21: General Theory |
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Sponsoring Units: DCOMP Chair: David Tanner, University of Florida Room: Colorado Convention Center 106 |
Friday, March 9, 2007 8:00AM - 8:12AM |
X21.00001: ABSTRACT WITHDRAWN |
Friday, March 9, 2007 8:12AM - 8:24AM |
X21.00002: Topological Characterization of Time Reversal Invariant Systems Rahul Roy We study $Z_2$ invariants for time reversal invariant systems in two and dimensions and discuss in particular the novel fourth $Z_2$ invariant in three dimensions. We present heuristic as well as rigorous arguments justifying the invariance of the $Z_2$ topological numbers and discuss the consequences of the formulation in terms of the Chern numbers to the surface state spectrum. We also present and discuss models in which the various 3d topological phases can be seen. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, March 9, 2007 8:24AM - 8:36AM |
X21.00003: Renormalization of QED at Finite Temperatures. Samina Masood Renormalization of QED at different temperatures is studied in the background of real particles. It is explicitly shown that the second order thermal modifications to electromagnetic properties of a hot medium are nonzero at temperatures below the electron mass. However the second order contributions are smaller than the first order contribution at these temperatures which ensures the renormalization of QED in this situation. However, the situation changes at high temperatures. The overlap of hot infrared singularities in Lorentz invariance breaking formalism with usual cold ultraviolet divergences of vacuum has to be handled in a special order to avoid un-removable singularities. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, March 9, 2007 8:36AM - 8:48AM |
X21.00004: A Black Body Radiation Law in a Gravity Free Vacuum Clarence A. Gall The interpretation of black body radiation in terms of Planck's quantum hypothesis in 1900 largely defined the science of the twentieth century. Einstein was one of the vocal few in opposition to this approach because it led to the rejection of strict causality in science. He sought without success a solution of the radiation problem without light quanta, a problem he viewed as incredibly important as well as difficult. His approach appears to have involved `the energy principle.' This paper proposes a solution to this problem that is considered to meet Einstein's criteria. It uses an apportioning function developed on the basis of Einstein's energy-mass principle $(E=mc^{2})$ that distributes the total thermodynamic Stefan-Boltzmann energy over the entire wavelength range. This black body distribution function $\left( I_{\lambda }d\lambda =\frac{\sigma T^{6}}{w^{2}}\lambda e^{-\frac{T}{w}\lambda }d\lambda \right) $ also results in a new temperature scale with units of reciprocal wavelength, which unifies the thermodynamic and colour scales. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, March 9, 2007 8:48AM - 9:00AM |
X21.00005: Einstein's Obscure 1918 Special Relativity Paper Tom Morton Few people are aware of the existence of Einstein's 1918 paper ``Dialogue about Objections to the Theory of Relativity.'' In 1918 he attempted to resolve some perceived asymmetry issues in Special Relativity but did not reach any sufficiently satisfactory conclusion. This presentation reviews Einstein's 1918 efforts. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, March 9, 2007 9:00AM - 9:12AM |
X21.00006: What are the Sands of Titan Telling Us About Gravity? Jerry Jensen The mass distributions of Mars and Venus are determined by carefully measuring the perturbations of our orbiting probes. All volcanic peaks on the planet Mars exhibit positive Bouguer gravity anomalies. Mars chasma exhibit negative Bouguer gravity anomalies. The exact opposite is true of Venus: Our orbiting probes indicate Venus mountains exhibit negative Bouguer gravity anomalies while all Venus chasma exhibit positive gravity anomalies. These incongruencies can be identified as artifacts, if the Newtonian equivalence principle incorrectly predicts the masses of orbiting bodies. The curious spectra and surface features of Titan and other moons are better explained if much greater masses can be assigned to the outer planetary systems. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, March 9, 2007 9:12AM - 9:24AM |
X21.00007: Unifying the Geometry of General Relativity with the Virtual Particle Nature of Quantum Theory John Laubenstein General Relativity (GR) and Quantum Electro-Dynamics (QED) utilize different underlying assumptions regarding the nature of vacuum and space-time. GR requires the actual geometry of space-time to change in the presence of mass resulting in gravitation. QED operates within flat space-time and propagates forces through the exchange of virtual photons. Efforts to unify these theories are -- despite their mathematical elegance -- complex, cumbersome and incomplete. The inability to achieve unification may suggest a need to re-think basic conceptual models. The IWPD Research Center has found evidence suggesting that time -- as a unique degree of freedom -- may be illusionary. Our research suggests that time may be ``embedded'' within a spatial dimension through a geometric manipulation of the light cone in Minkowski space-time. This interpretation of space-time provides predictions that are experimentally verifiable and suggests a conceptual path for the unification of GR and QED. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, March 9, 2007 9:24AM - 9:36AM |
X21.00008: Rotational and Vibrational Kinetic Energies Should be Included in Mass-Energy Calculations Stewart Brekke Conversion of mass to energy involves more than rest mass. At the subatomic, nuclear, atomic and molecular levels there are rotational, spin and vibratory kinetic energies although small may account for some discrepancies between theory and experiment. In pair annhilation spin and vibratory kinetic energies should be included in calculations. Thus, $[ E_0 = 2m_0c^2 + .5I \omega^2_r_p + .5\omega^2_r_e + (n + 1/2) \hbar \omega_v_p + (n + 1/2) \hbar \omega_v_e + 1/2mv^2_p + 1/2mv^2_e ]$ if the positron and electron are going slowly. The $\omega_r$ and the $\omega_v$ are the rotational angular velocity iand vibrational angular frequency. The mass energy equation for a nucleus and a molecule is therefore $[E_0 = m_0c^2 +1/2I\omega_r^2 + (n +1/2)\hbar \omega_v + 1/2mv^2]$. On a universal scale planets, stars, galaxies and galactic groups will have rotational Orbital and vibrational factors which should be included in any mass-energy conversions. Some of the energy attributed to binding energy on a nuclear level may actually be vibrational and rotational kinetic energy. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, March 9, 2007 9:36AM - 9:48AM |
X21.00009: Electricity from Gravity Roy Masters Einstein's cosmological constant as gravity, will unify quantum mechanics to general relativity and link gravity to electromagnetism. Then, an electromagnetic vacuum engine driven by the force that spins, moves, and sustains mass at the subatomic level, will do free, what generators cannot. Flowing outward-bound sinusoidally from its source, this gravity force assumes a three-dimensional spherical universe. Lines of force intersect, spinning into gyroscopic particles and passes as time-present, with a \textit{compression} gravity of space-time curvature continuum unifying all mass. The spaces between approaching masses suffer a decrease of right-angled \textit{vacuum} \textit{energy}, increasing external pressures, \textit{pushing }them together. Ubiquitous gravity now interacts electromagnetically with mass. Gravity's ``heat energy'' operates below absolute zero and squeezes mass into thermonuclear ignition of stars. Creation needs a gravity field for the propagation of light that will make sense of its wave/particle behavior. Creation from a white hole recycles down through a black one, into new beginnings of galaxies. ``Vacuum energy'' will light cities and factories; faster than light spacecraft will raise silently from the ground utilizing the very gravity it defies, propelling us to the stars. [Preview Abstract] |
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