Bulletin of the American Physical Society
2021 Fall Meeting of the APS Division of Nuclear Physics
Volume 66, Number 8
Monday–Thursday, October 11–14, 2021; Virtual; Eastern Daylight Time
Session DL: Minisymposium: BSM Searches in Fundamental Symmetries I: EDMs |
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Chair: Ronald Fernando Garcia Ruiz, MIT Room: Georgian |
Tuesday, October 12, 2021 9:30AM - 10:06AM |
DL.00001: Precision spectroscopy of RaF molecules for fundamental physics Invited Speaker: Silviu-Marian Udrescu Compared to atoms, molecules can offer more than five orders of magnitude enhanced sensitivity to violations of fundamental symmetries, enabling the possibility to probe energy scales beyond hundreds of TeV. Containing octupole-deformed nuclei, radium monofluoride (RaF) is expected to be highly sensitive to the parity-violating nuclear anapole moment as well as to the parity- and time-reversal violating nuclear Schiff and magnetic quadrupole moments. In this talk, I will present the latest results obtained from a series of laser spectroscopy experiments performed on short-lived RaF molecules. I will first describe a measurement of the isotope shift of five RaF isotopologues, 223-226,228RaF. These results demonstrate the particularly high sensitivity of RaF to nuclear size effects, offering a stringent test of models describing the electronic density within the radium nucleus. I will then show preliminary results from high-resolution laser spectroscopy experiments of 223RaF and 226RaF. Rotational and hyperfine constants of these two isotopologues will be presented. These results represent the first of their kind performed on radioactive, short-lived molecules, opening the way for precision studies and new physics searches in these systems. |
Tuesday, October 12, 2021 10:06AM - 10:18AM |
DL.00002: Ab initio calculations of electric dipole moments of light nuclei Petr Navratil, Paul Froese In any finite system, the presence of a non-zero permanent electric dipole moment (EDM) would indicate CP violation beyond the small violation predicted in the Standard Model. Here, we use the ab initio no-core shell model (NCSM) framework to theoretically investigate the magnitude of the nuclear EDM. We calculate EDMs of several light nuclei using chiral two- and three-body interactions and a PT-violating Hamiltonian based on a one-meson-exchange model. We will present a benchmark calculation for 3He, as well as results for the more complex nuclei 6,7Li, 9Be, 10,11B, 13C, 14,15N, and 19F. Our results suggest that different nuclei can be used to probe different terms of the PT violating interaction. These calculations allow us to suggest which nuclei may be good candidates in the search for a measurable permanent electric dipole moment. |
Tuesday, October 12, 2021 10:18AM - 10:30AM |
DL.00003: Searching for Fundamental Symmetry Violation with Cold YbOH Molecules Arian Jadbabaie, Nickolas H Pilgram, Yi Zeng, Phelan Yu, Ashay N Patel, Chandler Conn, Timothy C Steimle, Nicholas R Hutzler Heavy, polar molecules in the gas-phase are sensitive experimental probes of symmetry violating physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM). The large internal fields in these molecules amplify the effects of possible Parity (P) and Time reversal (T) violating observables, such as the electron’s electric dipole moment (eEDM) or a nuclear magnetic quadrupole moment (NMQM). Recent eEDM measurements in a cold molecular beam, by the ACME Collaboration, constrain P,T violating leptonic physics at the 10 TeV scale. Molecular beam measurements of a NMQM would provide a complimentary probe in the hadronic sector. Additionally, molecular laser-cooling and trapping can improve coherence times and extend leptonic and hadronic constraints to PeV energies. Our lab is currently constructing two experiments to probe BSM physics in YbOH, a laser-coolable, polyatomic molecule. One experiment is a measurement on a cold beam of 173YbOH, which is sensitive to the NMQM of the 173Yb nucleus. The second experiment seeks to cool and trap 174YbOH, enabling measurements of the eEDM with significantly enhanced sensitivity. We present progress on the prerequisite spectroscopic study of YbOH, including characterization of the origin band of 173YbOH and the vibronically perturbed excited states of 174YbOH. |
Tuesday, October 12, 2021 10:30AM - 10:42AM |
DL.00004: Progress Towards the Application of Molecular Matrix Methods to Nuclear Schiff Moment Searches Nicholas Nusgart, Daniel Koch, Joseph Noonan, Jaideep T Singh Nuclear Schiff moments (NSMs) present a powerful probe into new physics through their connection to CP-symmetry violation. We are investigating the application of molecular matrix methods to NSM searches of radioactive isotopes, in particular radium-225, which has an enhanced Schiff moment resulting from its octupole deformations. These methods involve trapping polar molecules in a noble gas matrix, which is predicted to lock their orientation relative to the lattice vectors. The solid nature of the lattice allows enormous guest number densities while isolating the guests from each other. Additionally, the orientation and position-locking of the guest molecules reduces systematic effects arising from molecular motion and also allows use of oppositely-oriented guests as co-magnetometers. Polar molecules have internal electric fields that are much larger than feasible laboratory fields, which greatly increases the sensitivity. We aim to characterize the optical properties of embedded molecules using stable surrogates, and will report on the design of a high-efficiency molecular beam source. |
Tuesday, October 12, 2021 10:42AM - 10:54AM |
DL.00005: Towards Characterization of Atomic Beam Sources Using Harvested Isotopes at FRIB for Tests of Fundamental Symmetries Jaideep T Singh, Gordon Arrowsmith-Kron, Kevin Bailey, Michael N Bishof, Matthew R Dietrich, Peter Mueller, Tom O'Connor, Roy Ready, Gregory Severin Certain pear-shaped nuclei, such as Radium-225, are predicted to have exquisite sensitivity to beyond Standard Model physics which could explain the near absence of antimatter in the observable Universe. These types of isotopes will be produced in abundance in the water beam dump at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) at Michigan State University. There are plans for harvesting a wide variety of isotopes for many different applications at FRIB. Because of their favorable chemical properties, alkaline earth metals such as radium are a good case for harvesting. We aim to characterize the efficiency of forming an atomic beam from harvested isotopes using chemical surrogates for radium such as calcium or barium. A radium atomic beam is currently used to load the magneto-optical trap used in the search for the permanent atomic electric dipole moment of radium. We will report on our plans to characterize these types of atomic beams using laser-induced fluorescence. |
Tuesday, October 12, 2021 10:54AM - 11:06AM |
DL.00006: Probing fundamental symmetries of deformed nuclei in polyatomic molecules Phelan Yu, Nicholas R Hutzler Precision measurements of Schiff moments in heavy, deformed nuclei — such as radium-225 — are sensitive probes of beyond standard model T, P violation in the hadronic sector. While the most stringent limits on Schiff moments to date are set with diamagnetic atoms, polar polyatomic molecules can offer higher sensitivities with unique experimental advantages. Here, we report on continuing theoretical progress in identifying and characterizing new "designer" polyatomic ions for Schiff moment measurements (i.e. RaOH+, RaSH+, RaOCH3+), which promise to support extended trapping and interrogation times. Internally, these molecular species possess mechanical doublets of opposite parity with small splittings, leading to full polarization at low fields, internal comagnetometer states useful for rejection of systematic effects, and the ability to perform sensitive searches for T, P violation using a small number of trapped ions containing heavy exotic nuclei. |
Tuesday, October 12, 2021 11:06AM - 11:18AM |
DL.00007: Towards measurements of symmetry-violating nuclear properties using single molecular ions in a Penning trap Jonas Karthein, David P DeMille, Jens Dilling, Ronald Garcia Ruiz, Nicholas R Hutzler, Parashar Mohapatra, Scott B Moroch, Ryan J Ringle, Silviu-Marian Udrescu This contribution presents the ongoing development of a novel Penning ion trap for precision studies of single molecular ions. The strong magnetic fields of the Penning trap can be used to bring opposite-parity molecular states of trapped particles into near degeneracy. This phenomenon can be used to enhance the sensitivity to measure electroweak nuclear properties by more than 11 orders of magnitude compared to atomic systems [Altuntas, E. et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 142501 (2018)]. These so-far unknown properties are, on the one hand, critical in the understanding of the nuclear force and structure of the nuclei but also provide precise low-energy tests of the standard model of particle physics and the violation of fundamental symmetries. I will present our current developments for this tabletop-sized setup as well as plans for future studies of radioactive molecules. |
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