Bulletin of the American Physical Society
52nd Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
Volume 66, Number 6
Monday–Friday, May 31–June 4 2021; Virtual; Time Zone: Central Daylight Time, USA
Session H09: Matter-Wave Optics and InterferometryLive
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Chair: Edward Moan, UVA |
Wednesday, June 2, 2021 8:00AM - 8:12AM Live |
H09.00001: Continuously-trapped atom interferometry in drive-tunable Floquet-Bloch bands Ethan Q Simmons, Alec J Cao, Roshan Sajjad, Jeremy Tanlimco, Hector Mas, David Weld Atom interferometry is a powerful and proven sensing technology. However, freefall-based techniques impose fundamental limitations on performance, forcing physics-limited tradeoffs between sensitivity, compactness, and bandwidth. Many of these can be overcome by continuous trapping of the atoms. We report on the experimental development of an interferometer composed of continuously-trapped ultracold atoms in the drive-tunable Floquet-Bloch bands of a 1D optical lattice. We experimentally demonstrate synthesis and characterization of large-spacetime-area interferometric loops by tuning the lattice modulation, which allows for nearly arbitrary splitting and recombination of atomic populations at partially avoided interband crossings. We discuss the use of “magic” band structures to cancel to first order the sensitivity to trap amplitude fluctuations, and conclude with a discussion of the scalability and potential applications of this platform. |
Wednesday, June 2, 2021 8:12AM - 8:24AM Live |
H09.00002: Analytic Theory for Diffraction Phases in Bragg Interferometry Jan-Niclas Siemß, Florian Fitzek, Ernst M Rasel, Naceur Gaaloul, Klemens Hammerer High-fidelity Bragg pulses operate in the quasi-Bragg regime. While such pulses enable an efficient population transfer essential for state-of-the-art atom interferometers, the diffraction phase and its dependence on the pulse parameters are currently not well characterized despite playing a key role in the systematics of these interferometers. |
Wednesday, June 2, 2021 8:24AM - 8:36AM Live |
H09.00003: Tractor atom interferometer Georg A Raithel, Alisher Duspayev We present a theoretical discussion of tractor atom interferometry (TAI). The interferometer is based on three-dimensional tight confinement and transport of split atomic wave-function components in programmable tractor traps. Using Crank-Nicolson simulations of scalar and spinor wave-function evolution, we confirm validity of the path-integral formalism over the pre-determined tractor trajectories, quantify projected gravimeter sensitivity, and study robustness of scalar and spinor TAI matter-wave splitters against non-adiabatic effects. We discuss the advantages of TAI over other matter-wave interferometers and address aspects for future experimental realizations of TAI for acceleration and rotation sensing. |
Wednesday, June 2, 2021 8:36AM - 8:48AM Live |
H09.00004: Multi-path Landau-Zener-Stuckelberg Interferometry with Bose-Einstein Condensates in Optical Lattices Tahiyat Rahman, Anna Wirth-Singh, Andrew Ivanov, Daniel Gochnauer, Subhadeep Gupta We report on multi-path Landau-Zener-Stuckelberg (MPLZS) interference effects in the transport of ultracold atoms in a tilted optical lattice, resulting in periodic modulations and resonances in band populations as a function of tilt. These effects are a result of coherent splitting of the atomic wavefunction at each encountered avoided crossing of bands, where either a Bloch oscillation or a Landau-Zener (LZ) tunneling event is possible. We use a {^174}Yb Bose-Einstein condensate subjected to an accelerating lattice made of two counter-propagating laser beams with tunable frequency difference. While earlier work studied 2-path LZS interferometry with two avoided crossings [1,2], our work extends to multi-path (2^(N-1)) geometries with N up to 100. We also model diabatic losses at large lattice depths where the LZ formula breaks down. Our observations can inform the choice of atom optics used in atom interferometric sensors and expands on our earlier work applying a quantum transport approach to precision atom interferometry [3,4]. These investigations can be applied towards a contrast interferometer in a vertical geometry for a precision measurement of the fine-structure constant [5]. |
Wednesday, June 2, 2021 8:48AM - 9:00AM Live |
H09.00005: Grating-Based Inelastic Free Electron Interferometry Cameron W Johnson, Amy Turner, Javier Garcia de Abajo, Ben J McMorran Recent progress in the spatial and temporal structuring a free electron's wavefunction is driving interest in the use of free electron matterwaves to probe quantum mechanics at the nanoscale. Spatial structuring with nanoscale diffraction gratings specifically have enabled interferometric techniques capable of direct phase sensitivity with atomic resolution. We construct a scanning 2-grating free electron Mach-Zehnder interferometer in a transmission electron microscope. The input grating was optimized to create 2 probes which could be rastered to image a sample while maintaining a constant relative phase between the recombined probes in the interferometer output. With this we produce coherent superpositions of free electrons inelastically scattered from a localized plasmon resonance of a single 30 nm radius metallic nanoparticle from probe locations that are spatially separated by 80 nm. We show interference between these spatially separated inelastically scattered electrons in the output of the interferometer that are spectrally resolved with an electron energy loss spectrometer. The experimentally measured interference of the inelastically scattered electrons differ from their elastic counterpart due to the spatial distribution of the nanoparticle's plasmonic modes with excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. |
Wednesday, June 2, 2021 9:00AM - 9:12AM Live |
H09.00006: Quantum state engineering of quantum gases in orbit Annie Pichery, Matthias Meister, Naceur Gaaloul, Nicholas P Bigelow
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Wednesday, June 2, 2021 9:12AM - 9:24AM Live |
H09.00007: Radio Frequency AC Zeeman Trapping on an Atom Chip Andrew P Rotunno, Shuangli Du, William Miyahira, Seth Aubin We demonstrate a novel spin-specific trap for ultracold neutral rubidium-87, utilizing the AC Zeeman effect near radio frequency (rf) currents on an atom chip. To our knowledge, this is the first rf AC Zeeman trap for neutral atoms, a significant step towards arbitrary state-specific trapping and manipulation. This method works at arbitrary DC magnetic field, can target any hyperfine sub-state, traps DC high- and low-field seekers, and introduces two new parameters for trap control: frequency and phase. Circularly polarized AC magnetic near-fields generate structures along with the trap that are useful as spin-targeting tools in other contexts: linear gradient regions, saddle-points, co-located traps/minima with any of these, and more. The rf trap demonstrated here (20 MHz) discriminates between hyperfine manifolds by polarization, trapping F=2 and F=1 separately, while inter-manifold transitions (6.8 GHz) would gain detuning isolation for further state targeting. We demonstrate forced evaporation in this trap, opening a path to condensation in any hyperfine sub-state or background DC magnetic field. Additionally, we present multiple techniques for imaging rf fields with atoms, and microstrip chip geometries which could serve as trapped spin-state atom interferometers. This work is funded by DTRA, NSF, VMEC, and W&M |
Wednesday, June 2, 2021 9:24AM - 9:36AM Live |
H09.00008: Large array of Schrödinger cat states facilitated by an optical waveguide Wui Seng Leong Quantum engineering using photonic structures offer new capabilities for atom-photon interactions for quantum optics and atomic physics, which could eventually lead to integrated quantum devices. Despite the rapid progress in the variety of structures, coherent excitation of the motional states of atoms in a photonic waveguide using guided modes has yet to be demonstrated. Here, we use the waveguide mode of a hollow-core photonic crystal fibre to manipulate the mechanical Fock states of single atoms in a harmonic potential inside the fibre. We create a large array of Schrödinger cat states, a quintessential feature of quantum physics and a key element in quantum information processing and metrology, of approximately 15000 atoms along the fibre by entangling the electronic state with the coherent harmonic oscillator state of each individual atom. Our results provide a useful step for quantum information and simulation with a wide range of photonic waveguide systems. |
Wednesday, June 2, 2021 9:36AM - 9:48AM Live |
H09.00009: Attosecond Measurements via Quantum-Enhanced Interferometry Spencer J Johnson, Colin P Lualdi, Kristina Meier, Paul G Kwiat We report on our work towards attosecond-level temporal resolution via quantum interferometry. Unlike classical interference, Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) two-photon interference is robust against dispersion, optical noise, and unbalanced loss. However, high-resolution HOM interferometry is challenging, requiring either very high photon bandwidth or flux. As reported in the literature, a solution is to perform HOM interference with frequency-entangled photon pairs. In the entangled case, the resolution is dominated by the detuning between the two involved frequency modes. By utilizing a highly non-degenerate spontaneous parametric down-conversion source, we achieve a detuning of 1110 THz (810 and 1550 nm), two orders of magnitude greater than previous work. We discuss our dual-wavelength interferometer designed to attain a time resolution below 10 attoseconds with 104 photon pairs, an improvement of approximately two orders of magnitude over the current state-of-the art for this technique. Our system will enable sensing on the attosecond (nanometer) scale via HOM interference without the need for ultra-broadband sources while benefitting from robustness against dispersion, noise, and loss. |
Wednesday, June 2, 2021 9:48AM - 10:00AM Live |
H09.00010: A compact atom-chip apparatus for Sagnac interferometry Cass A Sackett, Edward R Moan, Marybeth Beydler Sagnac interferometers using trapped atoms offer several potential advantages for rotation sensing, since it is possible to achieve long measurement times and large enclosed areas without requiring a large free-fall distance. We describe a new compact apparatus suitable for Sagnac measurements, which uses an atom chip to achieve rapid condensate production and a stable magnetic trap for interferometry. To our knowledge, this is the first implementation of a time-orbiting potential (TOP) trap using an atom chip. The ac fields of a TOP trap reduce the interferometer’s sensitivity to stray environmental fields. However, the fields can induce eddy currents in the chip, which must be controlled. The atom chip is based on direct-bonded copper on aluminum nitride, which provides excellent thermal and mechanical properties. The chip will be integrated into a novel vapor cell architecture that provides the required optical access as well as a long vacuum lifetime. We will describe the apparatus performance and recent interferometry results. |
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