Bulletin of the American Physical Society
52nd Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
Volume 66, Number 6
Monday–Friday, May 31–June 4 2021; Virtual; Time Zone: Central Daylight Time, USA
Session C05: Atom InterferometryLive
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Chair: Holger Muller, University of California, Berkeley |
Tuesday, June 1, 2021 10:30AM - 10:42AM Live |
C05.00001: An atom interferometric measurement of the photon recoil frequency aboard the International Space Station Cass A Sackett, Bejoy Sen The Cold Atom Laboratory on the International Space Station provides a platform for Bose-Einstein condensation and other cold-atom physics. A recent upgrade permits the implementation of light-pulse interferometry. We have used this facility to carry out a simple measurement of the photon recoil frequency, using a condensate source and a two-pulse Ramsey interferometer sequence. The duration of the measurement is limited to about 0.5 ms by the expansion velocity of the condensate. We observe coherent phase evolution over that time scale and obtain a measurement accuracy of 2\% for the recoil frequency and 4\% for the initial atom velocity. The interferometric measurement is consistent with estimates of the Bragg laser frequency and time-of-flight measurements of the atom cloud. This marks the first application of atom interferometry to a physical measurement in a space environment. |
Tuesday, June 1, 2021 10:42AM - 10:54AM Live |
C05.00002: Optical lattice transport tools for ultracold atoms over a 100 m baseline Yijun Jiang, Mahiro Abe, Sam Carman, Ben Garber, Megan Nantel, Jan Rudolph, Hunter Swan, Thomas Wilkason, Jason Hogan We present a novel optical lattice design to transfer ultracold Sr atoms horizontally over 60 cm, and subsequently accelerate them vertically to a few 10 m/s. This is crucial for achieving several seconds of free fall time in the 100-meter-long Matter-wave Atomic Gradiometer Interferometric Sensor (MAGIS-100). The proposed horizontal transfer uses two optical lattices to launch and catch the atoms. Gravitational sag is mitigated by a small angle in both lattices. The proposed vertical acceleration uses an optical lattice formed by two near-vertical beams intersecting at a shallow angle. Both horizontal and vertical lattice systems are miniaturized and delivered from compact modules to improve thermal and vibrational stability. |
Tuesday, June 1, 2021 10:54AM - 11:06AM Live |
C05.00003: MAGIS-100: Towards atom interferometry over a 100m baseline Ben E Garber, Mahiro Abe, Samuel P Carman, Yijun Jiang, Megan Nantel, Jan Rudolph, Hunter Swan, TJ Wilkason, Jason Hogan The upcoming MAGIS-100 experiment is under construction in the MINOS access shaft at Fermilab. We plan to exploit its 100m baseline to search for ultralight dark matter candidates; it will also be a pathfinder for future gravitational wave detectors operating in the mid-band. This frequency range, from 10 mHz to 3 Hz, spans the gap in sensitivity between LIGO and LISA, and is the optimal frequency range for sky localization to support multimessenger astronomy. Furthermore, MAGIS-100 aims to search for ultralight dark matter with both scalar and vector couplings over a mass range spanning several decades. Its long baseline enables tests of macroscopic quantum mechanics at new scales, including wavepacket separation over a meter and with an interferometer duration up to 9 seconds. We will describe the design of the detector, focusing on how it will enable the pursuit of these science signals. |
Tuesday, June 1, 2021 11:06AM - 11:18AM Live |
C05.00004: Progress towards the development of a cold-atom inertial measurement unit for onboard applications Jeanne Bernard Cold atom interferometers (AIs) have proven to be extremely sensitive and accurate inertial sensors measuring gravity, gravity gradient and rotations. Unlike classical sensors, they do not require any calibration and exhibit an inherent long-term stability and accuracy : they are promising candidates for geodesy, geophysics or inertial navigation. We present our progress towards the development of a complete cold-atom inertial measurement unit, a device measuring each component of acceleration and rotation. We demonstrate two new techniques allowing to perform acceleration measurements using a Mach-Zehnder type Raman AI in a single diffraction regime, even for atoms with close to zero velocity. The first technique lifts the degeneracy between the two Raman transitions ±hkeff by using a frequency chirp on the Raman lasers. The resulting atomic sensor is hybridized with a force balanced accelerometer and we achieve a short-term sensitivity of 3.2×10-5 m.s-2/√Hz. In the second technique, we use the selection rules of the σ+σ- Raman transitions between the states F=1,mF=±1 and F=2,mF=±1 to select between one of the two possible transitions. We compare the performances and the bias induced by both methods and highlight their relevance for multiaxis inertial sensors or atom interferometry in a microgravity environment. |
Tuesday, June 1, 2021 11:18AM - 11:30AM Live |
C05.00005: Matterwave interferometry in a shaken optical lattice designed by reinforcement learning Liang-Ying Chih, Catherine LeDesma, Dana Z Anderson, Murray J Holland We design an interferometer to measure acceleration in one dimension with high precision using ultracold atoms moving in an optical lattice. We utilize a branch of machine learning, reinforcement learning, to generate the shaking protocols needed to realize lattice-based analogs of elementary optical components, including a beam-splitter, a mirror, and a recombiner. The performance of these protocols is determined through fidelity measures that compare with ideal optical components. The interferometer's ability to measure acceleration is quantitatively evaluated using a Bayesian approach applied to measurements of the momentum distribution, and comparison is made with standard Bragg interferometers, demonstrating the potential for the application of reinforcement learning algorithms to these kinds of quantum sensing tasks. |
Tuesday, June 1, 2021 11:30AM - 11:42AM Live |
C05.00006: The Consortium for Ultra Cold Atoms in Space: experiments aboard the International Space Station Nicholas P Bigelow, Naceur Gaaloul, Matthias Meister Following the 2011 NRC decadal report ``Recapturing a Future for Space Exploration,'' NASA installed of the Cold Atom Laboratory (CAL) aboard the International Space Station (ISS). In 2018 space-based Bose-Einstein condensates were successfully created and later in 2018, peer-reviewed investigator-driven experiments began. In this talk, our team, the Consortium for Ultra Cold Atoms in Space (CUAS) will provide an overview of our experiments on quantum control and deep “delta-kick” cooling collimation of a Rb condensate in which we achieve mm-scale transport distances with residual oscillation velocities of hundredths of a µm/s. In subsequent experiments using delta-kick collimation, we have achieved temperatures of a few tens of picokelvin on orbit. More recently we have demonstrated a shear-Ramsey as well as a Mach-Zehnder atom interferometer. Details of these results will be presented at this DAMOP conference. |
Tuesday, June 1, 2021 11:42AM - 11:54AM Live |
C05.00007: On-orbit production of quantum gases in NASA's Cold Atom Lab (CAL) David Aveline, Jason Williams, Ethan Elliott, Leah Phillips, Jim Kellogg, Jim Kohel, Rob Thompson We report on the successful commissioning and on-going operation of the Cold Atom Lab (CAL), a first-of-its-kind atomic physics research facility studying quantum gases in low-Earth orbit aboard the International Space Station (ISS). This presentation will discuss the instrument and highlight results published in Nature on June 11, 2020 [1], reporting the first Bose-Einstein condensates produced and manipulated in orbit. In the microgravity environment of the ISS, we are able to observe novel evaporation regimes and by-products, as well as decompression-cooled condensates. Achieving sub-nanoKelvin temperatures and minimal center-of-mass motion allows extended observation of freely expanded clouds over one second following their release from the atom trap. We will also discuss the confinement of spin-zero atoms based on the quadratic Zeeman effect. Now approaching three years in orbit, Bose-Einstein condensates of rubidium-87 have been created by the instrument hundreds of times per day. With routine BEC production, ongoing operations support long-term investigations of fundamental physics studies, as well as development of advanced atom cooling techniques, novel atom-laser sources, and quantum sensor technology. |
Tuesday, June 1, 2021 11:54AM - 12:06PM Live |
C05.00008: Atom interferometric measurements aboard the International Space Station Matthias Meister, Naceur Gaaloul, Nicholas P Bigelow Atom interferometers based on Bose-Einstein condensates are expected to be exquisite systems for quantum sensing applications like Earth observation, relativistic geodesy, and tests of fundamental physical concepts. Since the sensitivity of most atomic sensors scales quadratically with the interrogation time, it is beneficial to extend the free fall time by working in a microgravity environment. |
Tuesday, June 1, 2021 12:06PM - 12:18PM Live |
C05.00009: Modelling of Precision Light-Pulse Atom Interferometers with Distorted Wavefronts Stefan Seckmeyer, Florian Fitzek, Tim Kovachy, Yiping Wang, Ernst M Rasel, Naceur Gaaloul Wavefront aberrations are one of the leading systematics in current state-of-the-art atom interferometry experiments. We simulate the impact of different wavefront aberrations at every interrogation pulse on the final phase of an atom interferometer with two different models. One is based on Feynman’s path integral method to find analytical dephasings for simplified scenarios. It was extended by taking into account the change in the transferred momentum and the imprinted laser phase caused by the wavefront aberrations. |
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