Bulletin of the American Physical Society
49th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics APS Meeting
Volume 63, Number 5
Monday–Friday, May 28–June 1 2018; Ft. Lauderdale, Florida
Session D06: Focus Session: Precision Measurements for New Physics Searches |
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Sponsoring Units: GPMFC Chair: Dmitry Budker, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Germany and University of California, Berkeley, USA Room: Grand G |
Tuesday, May 29, 2018 2:00PM - 2:30PM |
D06.00001: Searches for exotic spin-dependent interactions Invited Speaker: Derek F. Jackson Kimball The existence of exotic bosons are hypothesized by a variety of theories proposed to solve the mysteries of dark matter, dark energy, the hierarchy problem, and the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe. Interactions mediated by such exotic bosons can be searched for in laboratory experiments by measuring spin-dependent energy shifts in atoms and molecules. We review our efforts to detect such exotic spin-dependent interactions, including a search for a monopole-dipole coupling between the mass of the Earth and rubidium nuclear spins [Jackson Kimball et al., Phys. Rev. D {\textbf{96}}, 075004 (2017)] and searches for dipole-dipole couplings by analyzing helium fine-structure [Ficek et al., Phys. Rev. A {\textbf{95}}, 032505 (2017)], studying J-coupling in deuterated molecular hydrogen [Ledbetter et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. {\textbf{110}}, 040402 (2013)], and investigating the interaction between trapped strontium ions [Kotler et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. {\textbf{115}}, 081801 (2015)]. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 29, 2018 2:30PM - 3:00PM |
D06.00002: Fundamental Physics with Liquid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Invited Speaker: John Blanchard I will discuss recent progress by our group focused on the application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques to various problems in fundamental physics, including searches for ultralight dark matter, exotic spin couplings, and molecular parity violation. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 29, 2018 3:00PM - 3:12PM |
D06.00003: Directional detection of dark matter using spectroscopy of crystal defects Ronald Walsworth, Surjeet Rajendran, Nicholas Zobrist, Mikhail Lukin, Alex Sushkov We propose a method to identify the direction of weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter via induced nuclear recoil. The method is based on spectroscopic interrogation of quantum defects in macroscopic solid-state crystals, such as NV centers in diamond. When a WIMP scatters in a crystal, the induced nuclear recoil creates a tell-tale damage cluster, localized to about 100 nm, with an orientation to the damage trail that correlates well with the direction of the recoil and hence the incoming WIMP. This damage cluster induces strain in the crystal, shifting the energy levels of nearby quantum defects. These level shifts can be measured optically making it possible to detect the strain environment around the defect in a solid sample. To localize the millimeter-scale region of a nuclear recoil, one can use conventional WIMP detection techniques such as the collection of ionization/scintillation. This method could allow for directional detection of WIMP-induced nuclear recoils at solid-state densities, enabling probes of WIMP parameter space below the solar neutrino floor. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 29, 2018 3:12PM - 3:24PM |
D06.00004: New ideas for tests of Lorentz invariance with atomic systems Ravid Shaniv, Roee Ozeri, Marianna Safronova, Sergey Porsev, Vladimir Dzuba, Victor Flambaum, Hartmut Haeffner Searches for new physical laws beyond the standard model are of a large and still increasing interest. One avenue of research is searching for Local Lorentz Invariance (LLI) violation, and in particular, the invariance of experimental results to rotations in space. Theory suggests that a possible outcome of LLI violation is an atomic energy shift that depends on the direction of its quantization axis. However, this effect might be very small and overshadowed by typical experimental noise, mainly magnetic field drifts. Here we propose a broadly applicable experimental scheme to search for LLI violation. The scheme involves radio frequency dynamical decoupling pulses aimed at mitigating unwanted experimental noise while maintaining the desired signal. The scheme can be implemented in current atomic-clock experiments, both with single ions and arrays of neutral atoms. Furthermore, it applies for atomic systems that exhibit no optical transitions such as highly charged ions, which exhibit particularly high sensitivity to LLI violation. We demonstrate the scheme experimentally using a string of two $^{88}\mathrm{Sr}^+$ ions and confirm that terms sensitive to LLI violations can be detected while rejecting magnetic field noise. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 29, 2018 3:24PM - 3:36PM |
D06.00005: High-precision comparison of two optical ion clocks for hundredfold improved bounds on Lorentz violation Christian Sanner, Nils Huntemann, Richard Lange, Christian Tamm, Ekkehard Peik, Marianna Safronova, Sergey Porsev We present a long-term frequency comparison over a period of six months between two optical clocks with single $^{171}$Yb$^{+}$ ions in separate ion traps, showing an agreement to within $3 \times 10^{-18}$. The two ions with their anisotropic electron momentum distributions in the metastable $^{2}F_{7/2}$ manifold are aligned along orthogonal quantization axes tilted with respect to Earth's axis of rotation. From the absence of an observed sidereal modulation of their frequency difference on the $2 \times 10^{-18}$ level we deduce limits on a possible violation of Lorentz symmetry for electrons (and photons) in the range of $10^{-21}$, an improvement on previous experiments [T. Pruttivarasin et al., Nature 517, 592 (2015)] by two orders of magnitude. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 29, 2018 3:36PM - 3:48PM |
D06.00006: Optically levitated nanoscale torsion balance for detecting Casimir torque and beyond. Tongcang Li The virtual photons of quantum vacuum fluctuations will not only have linear momentums that lead to the well-known Casimir force, but also have angular momentums which can induce the Casimir torque for anisotropic materials and structures. We propose to optically levitate a nonspherical nanoparticle in vacuum to detect the Casimir torque due to the angular momentum of vacuum fluctuations. We have experimentally levitated nonspherical nanoparticles in vacuum, observed their torsional vibration, and driven them to rotate at several hundred MHz. A nonspherical nanoparticle levitated in high vacuum will have a remarkable torque detection sensitivity on the order of 10$^{\mathrm{-28}}$ Nm/sqrt(Hz), which will be sufficient to detect the Casimir torque. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 29, 2018 3:48PM - 4:00PM |
D06.00007: New Precision Measurements from GPS.DM Observatory for Exotic Physics Searches: Atomic Clock Phases every Second to $<$0.1 ns Geoffrey Blewitt, Benjamin Roberts, Conner Dailey, Andrei Derevianko We use the GPS satellite constellation as a 50,000 km-aperture sensor array, analyzing atomic clock phases for exotic physics signatures. In particular, we search for evidence of transient variations of fundamental constants that are either correlated with Earth's galactic motion through the dark matter halo, or with astrophysical events that generate multi-messenger signals. Recently we improved limits by orders of magnitude on certain couplings between atomic clocks and dark matter [1], using 30-s clock data archived by Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). Now we generate our own 1-s clock data by analyzing carrier phase data every second from a global GPS station network. First, satellite positions published by JPL every 900 s are interpolated to 1-s epochs, then 1-s station data are modeled to account for (in order of decreasing magnitude) relativistic effects on clocks, ionospheric delay, neutral atmospheric delay, solid Earth tides, circularly polarized phase rotation, ocean tidal loading, spacetime curvature (Shapiro delay), and carrier phase ambiguity resolution. Relative phases between the most stable atomic clocks prove our precision is $<$0.1 ns, thus we are sensitive to the effects of exotic physics at this level across a 50,000-km aperture. [Preview Abstract] |
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