Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS April Meeting 2017
Volume 62, Number 1
Saturday–Tuesday, January 28–31, 2017; Washington, DC
Session E4: Multimessenger Particle AstrophysicsFocus
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Sponsoring Units: DAP Chair: Jim Beatty, The Ohio State University Room: Virginia A |
Saturday, January 28, 2017 3:30PM - 4:06PM |
E4.00001: Results and prospects in multi-messenger particle astrophysics Invited Speaker: Miguel Mostafa In high-energy particle astrophysics the old days were certainly not better than these. Our field has thrived in the past decade with experiments covering thousands of square kilometers to measure the suppression in the flux of the highest energy cosmic rays ever observed, instrumenting a cubic kilometer of Antarctic ice to discover astrophysical neutrinos, and measuring a change in arm length as small as $10^{-19}$ m for the ground-breaking direct observation of gravitational waves. Additionally, the current generation of space-borne and ground-based gamma-ray experiments have revealed a plethora of gamma-ray sources, including pulsars, compact binaries, the galactic center, and extragalactic sources such as starburst galaxies and radio galaxies. Before the next generation of instruments bring us yet another order of magnitude in sensitivity, we can combine current observations to probe physics beyond the standard model, and to extend the high-energy frontier well above the energies accessible to laboratory accelerators. One example of this potential is the search for dark-matter annihilation and decay products. To use the multi-messenger approach effectively for probing dark-matter signatures and physics beyond the LHC energy requires understanding the origin (or acceleration mechanism) and the propagation processes. High energy protons and nuclei, neutrinos, gamma-rays, X-rays, and gravitational waves bring new and complementary views of the astrophysical sources. By comparing observations through different windows, we can use the sites of violent phenomena as a laboratory to probe the physical processes under extreme conditions throughout the Universe, and to test the fundamental laws of particle physics and gravitation. As a community we need to engage in a bold synergistic approach to understanding the violent processes that give rise to the high-energy cosmic phenomena in the Universe. In this invited talk, I will present on-going multi-messenger studies to obtain new information about cosmic sources, and I will discuss the prospects of combining data from the electromagnetic, particle, and gravitational windows to advance high energy astrophysics into a new era. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, January 28, 2017 4:06PM - 4:18PM |
E4.00002: Cosmic Rays and Neutrinos as Complementary Probes of Ultra-High Energy Astrophysics Amy Connolly, Nathan Griffith, Shunsaku Horiuchi Neutrino in ultra-high energy regime will be unique messengers to the astrophysics sources of the highest energy cosmic rays. They are the only particles that can be observed above the GZK threshold at cosmic distances, of order a Gpc, and this means that only neutrinos will be sensitive to any redshift-dependence of the source properties at the highest energies. Using CRPropa 2.0, we have investigated which properties of the source spectra are best probed by cosmic rays and in what energy range, which properties can only be measured with neutrinos, and the implications of redshift-dependent properties on both fits to cosmic ray day and predictions of neutrino flux spectra. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, January 28, 2017 4:18PM - 4:30PM |
E4.00003: Multi-messenger particle astrophysics with the Cherenkov Telescope Array Justin Vandenbroucke The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a next-generation array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. Building on the success of H.E.S.S., MAGIC, and VERITAS, in an energy range complementary to that of the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT), CTA will investigate the particle physics of the cosmos through observations of gamma rays between tens of GeV and several hundred TeV. The observatory is especially well suited for follow-up of transient events detected in other wavelengths and messengers including neutrinos and gravitational waves. CTA will feature one array in each hemisphere for full sky coverage. The largest telescopes will have a 20 GeV energy threshold and will be able to quickly (in less than 50 seconds) slew to transient targets. The excellent effective area of CTA (thousands of times greater than that of the Fermi LAT at 20 GeV) will enable it to provide powerful and unique contributions to multi-messenger particle astrophysics. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, January 28, 2017 4:30PM - 4:42PM |
E4.00004: Multimessenger studies with the VERITAS Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope Reshmi Mukherjee Synergy between ground-based gamma-ray experiments (imaging Cherenkov telescopes, HAWC), Fermi space telescope, multimessenger facilities such as IceCube, Auger, and the LIGO gravitational wave observatory appear promising in the future. Multimessenger astronomy is an emerging area of study, using different cosmic messengers such as neutrinos, photons, cosmic rays, and gravitational waves to obtain complementary information. The VERITAS observatory has an active multimessenger program, which currently includes studying the connection between very high energy gamma-rays and the astrophysical neutrino flux recently discovered by IceCube. As both gamma-rays and neutrinos are produced in hadronic interactions, a joint study of both messenger channels has the potential for revealing powerful cosmic accelerators. VERITAS will also perform rapid tiling of the sky within the error contours of LIGO/Virgo events, searching for possible electromagnetic counterparts. VERITAS carries out a broad observation program at energies above 0.1 TeV, including the study of Galactic and extragalactic sources, the search for dark matter, and joint studies with HAWC. We present recent results from the VERITAS multimessenger program and discuss the prospects and goals for the future in a CTA era. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, January 28, 2017 4:42PM - 4:54PM |
E4.00005: Multi-Messenger Time-Domain Astronomy with the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor Adam Goldstein With exciting new detections of gravitational waves by LIGO and astrophysical neutrinos by IceCube and ANTARES, the era of multi-messenger time-domain astronomy has arrived. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) continuously observes the entire sky that is not occulted by the Earth in gamma-rays from 8 keV - 40 MeV with 2 microsecond temporal resolution, and that continuous data is downlinked every few hours. This wealth of near-real-time all-sky data has lead to the development of continuous data searches for gamma-ray events, such as Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs), in coincidence with astrophysical neutrinos and gravitational wave events. Additionally, GBM has the ability to localize triggered and un-triggered transient events to a few-degree accuracy, rapidly disseminate the alerts and localization sky maps, and there have been several successful follow-up attempts by wide-field optical telescopes, such as the Palomar Transient Factory, to catch the fading optical afterglow of GBM-triggered GRBs. We discuss the current applications and importance of Fermi GBM in leading multi-messenger time-domain astronomy in the gamma-ray regime. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, January 28, 2017 4:54PM - 5:06PM |
E4.00006: Multimessenger Astronomy with IceCube Naoko Kurahashi Neilson, Erik Blaufuss IceCube detects high energy neutrinos in the 100 GeV to PeV range at the geographic South Pole. A crucial tool in searching for sources of astrophysical neutrinos is multimessenger astronomy. I will cover how IceCube uses gamma-ray, x-ray, optical, UHECR, and gravity wave data in different analyses. An important component of the multimessenger campaign is the development of realtime alerts that are shared with the astroparticle physics community. Future multimessenger capabilities with IceCube will also be discussed. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, January 28, 2017 5:06PM - 5:18PM |
E4.00007: Searches for correlation between UHECR events and high-energy gamma-ray Fermi-LAT data Nestor Mirabal, Ezequiel Alvarez, Alessandro Cuoco, Gabrijela Zaharijas The sources responsible for ultra high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) continue to be one of the most intriguing mysteries in astrophysics.We present a comprehensive search for correlations between high-energy ( $\geq$ 1 GeV) gamma-ray events from the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) and UHECRs ($\geq$ 60 EeV) detected by the Telescope Array and the Pierre Auger Observatory. We perform two separate searches. First, we conduct a standard cross-correlation analysis between the arrival directions of UHECRs and gamma-ray sources in the Second Catalog of Hard Fermi-LAT sources (2FHL). Second,we search for a possible correlation between UHECR directions and unresolved Fermi-LAT gamma-ray emission. We report our findings and their implications in the search for the origin of UHECRs. [Preview Abstract] |
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