Bulletin of the American Physical Society
Joint Spring 2016 Meeting of the Texas Sections of APS, AAPT, and Zone 13 of the SPS
Volume 61, Number 3
Thursday–Saturday, March 31–April 2 2016; Beaumont, Texas
Session F3: APS Session - Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics & Quantum Information |
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Chair: Cristian Bahrim, Lamar University Room: 214 |
Saturday, April 2, 2016 10:30AM - 10:54AM |
F3.00001: Stopping a weak laser beam on a dielectric surface. Invited Speaker: Cristian Bahrim We show that a probe laser can be `stopped' and its energy can be stored in the chemical bonds of electric dipoles located on the dielectric surface. The process can be induced by a stronger coupling laser, which imposes its frequency of vibration to the oscillating dipoles, and can be measured from light detected along the path of least time of the probe laser. Although the process locks the probe laser beam due to interference with a coupling laser, similar as in electromagnetic induced transparency, in our case the dielectric is transparent (rather than opaque) to both lasers and the process of locking the weak laser is induced on the surface (rather than inside bulk matter). We adopt a Brewster angle (BA) method which allows us to assess the polarization of light reflected by the surface. The normalization of the parallel component to the total component of the reflectance near BA, where this component nearly vanishes, shows a parabolic variation. From the signal near the vanishing reflectance, the BA value and the refractive index of the dielectric can be extracted with high precision. This parabolic curve is modulated by an interference pattern with a maximum at a BA value associated to the coupling laser, and with several minima of interference which follow a cos$^{\mathrm{2}}$ variation. A low capacitor voltage supplies energy to the electric dipoles and increases their frequency of vibration (Bahrim et al. J. of Appl. Math. and Phys., 2, 1105-12 (2014)). This shift varies proportional with the separation between the minima of interference and is consistent with the destructive interference between a weak probe and a stronger coupling laser. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, April 2, 2016 10:54AM - 11:06AM |
F3.00002: Generation of multi-spatial mode squeezed vacuum R. Nicholas Lanning, Zhihao Xiao, Zhang Mi, Eugeniy Mikhailov, Irina Novikova, Jonanthan P. Dowling We develop a fully quantum model to describe the spatial mode properties of squeezed light generated as a laser beam propagates through a Rb vapor cell. Our results show that a Gaussian pump beam can generate a collection of higher order Laguerre-Gaussian squeezed vacuum modes, each carrying a particular squeeze parameter and squeeze angle. We show that a proper sorting of modes could lead to improved noise suppression and thus make this method of squeezed light generation very useful for precision metrology and quantum memory applications. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, April 2, 2016 11:06AM - 11:18AM |
F3.00003: Is Information Gained, Conserved, or Lost in a Quantum Observation? Lionel D. Hewett As with any observation, one would hope that a quantum observation would increase one's knowledge about the system and, therefore, the amount of information contained in the universe. But the Law of Conservation of Information says that information cannot be created or destroyed in any physical process (including a quantum observation). And quantum mechanics says that it is impossible to make any quantum observation without disturbing the system unpredictably. (So some kind of information must surely be lost in a quantum observation.) Since neither common intuition nor a survey of the literature provides a clear answer as to what actually happens to information during a quantum observation, this paper addresses such questions as: what is information, under what circumstances is it conserved, what is a quantum observation, does it require a sentient being, and what happens to information during a quantum observation? [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, April 2, 2016 11:18AM - 11:30AM |
F3.00004: Quantum Thermodynamics of Information Austin Daniel, Yuri Rostovtsev Many apparent violations of the second law of thermodynamics can be resolved by treating information as a thermodynamic variable. We consider systems in which quantum coherent effects suggest the design of engines with efficiencies exceeding that of the Carnot cycle and compare the results to the thermodynamic cost of information. Our goal is to show the cost related to the information required to prepare such a system balances out these violations such that the second law still holds. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, April 2, 2016 11:30AM - 11:42AM |
F3.00005: Exact transition probabilities for a linear sweep through a Kramers-Kronig resonance Chen Sun, Nikolai Sinitsyn We consider a localized electronic spin controlled by a circularly polarized optical beam and an external magnetic field. When the frequency of the beam is tuned near an optical resonance with a continuum of higher energy states, effective magnetic fields are induced on the two-level system via the Inverse Faraday Effect. We explore the process in which the frequency of the beam is made linearly time-dependent so that it sweeps through the optical resonance, starting and ending at the values far away from it. In addition to changes of spin states, Kramers-Kronig relations guarantee that a localized electron can also escape into a continuum of states. We argue that probabilities of transitions between different possible electronic states after such a sweep of the optical frequency can be found exactly regardless the shape of the resonance. We also discuss extension of our results to multistate system. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, April 2, 2016 11:42AM - 11:54AM |
F3.00006: Traction Force Detection on Aligned Smooth Muscle Cell Sheet with Optical Sagnac Fiber Loop Jingyi Yang, Ying Zhang, Yangzi Zheng, Ho Wai Lee, Li Han Chen, Vincent Chan, Xinyong Dong, Chi Chiu Chan Engineered functional blood vessels have attracted a lot of attentions for tissue regeneration and wound healing. However, it remains a great challenge to recapitulate and monitor the characteristics of the blood vessels due to the three-dimension of histology. In general, the mechanotransduction of the vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is critical for applications of engineering functional blood vessels. In this study, cell traction force (CTF) detection is experimentally achieved using an optical Sagnac fiber loop with a section of polarization-maintained fiber embedded into three-dimension microfabricated arrays of continuous microwalls. The 3D-microwalls are exploited for stimulating the formation of a highly aligned orientation of SMCs and collecting the CTF during the SMCs culture. Meanwhile, the embedded fiber of the Sagnac loop is employed to probe the CTF of the SMCs layer. The results indicated the traction force of SMCs sheet can be detected by monitoring the wavelength shifts of the interference fringes of the Sagnac fiber loop. Moreover, the spatial distributions and immunostaining of the SMCs further demonstrated and revealed the relation between the monolayer generated traction forces and optical fiber sensor detection. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, April 2, 2016 11:54AM - 12:06PM |
F3.00007: The Effects of Corona Discharge on Tropospheric Ozone Levels Gilbert Rivera, Alex Kotsakis, Paul Walter, Garry Morris Ozone is most commonly associated with the ozone layer in the stratosphere; however, ozone is found in the troposphere as well. In the stratosphere, ozone is produced by dissociation of oxygen (O$_2$) with high energy UV light, then subsequently reacting one of the freed O atoms with O$_2$ in the presence of a third molecule to form ozone (O$_3$). In the troposphere, ozone can form via reactions of hydrocarbons and NO$_x$ in the presence of sunlight. Ozone can also be formed from corona discharges. Corona discharges are caused when hydrometeors (i.e., ice crystals, etc.) approach each other. This leads to ionization of the air around the hydrometeors, which causes charges to separate in the clouds. On September 5, 2013 in Houston, balloon measurements showed high levels of ozone during the ascent as a storm was approaching and low levels during the descent less than two hours later. Our hypothesis is that in the ascent there are high levels of ozone production as a result of corona discharge. Lightning strikes produce significant amounts of NO$_x$, which in the absence of sunlight reacts with ozone, thereby reducing its concentration. We are currently carrying out data analysis of other ozonesonde measurements to find evidence that either supports or invalidates our hypothesis. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, April 2, 2016 12:06PM - 12:18PM |
F3.00008: Spectroscopic and Theoretical Investigations of the Intramolecular $\pi $-Type Hydrogen Bonding and Conformations of 3-Cyclopentene-1-amine Esther J. Ocola, Jaan Laane Ab initio MP2/cc-pVTZ computations show that 3-cyclopentene-1-amine (3CPAM) can exist in six different conformers, two pairs of which are mirror images of each other. These are labeled \textbf{A1}, \textbf{A2 }and\textbf{ C1}, \textbf{C2}. Conformers \textbf{A1 }and \textbf{A2}, which have the lowest conformational energy, show a weak intramolecular $\pi $-type hydrogen bonding, where one hydrogen atom of the NH$_{\mathrm{2}}$ group is interacting with the C$=$C double bond. The other four conformers \textbf{B}, \textbf{C1}, \textbf{C2}, and \textbf{D} have calculated conformational energies 284, 315, 315 and 336 cm$^{\mathrm{-1}}$ higher in energy. The six conformers can interconvert through ring-puckering vibrations or by torsional rotation of the --NH$_{\mathrm{2}}$ bond. A two-dimensional potential energy surface in terms of these vibrational coordinates has been calculated. Vapor-phase infrared spectra of 3CPAM have been analyzed and these show the existence of the six conformers of this molecule. The observed vibrational frequencies are in excellent agreement with the theoretical calculations for each of the conformers. The liquid-phase infrared spectra of 3CPAM, which show evidence for four different conformers, have also been recorded. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, April 2, 2016 12:18PM - 12:30PM |
F3.00009: Infrared and Raman Spectra, Conformations, and Theoretical Calculations for Isotopomers of Cyclohexane and its Halo Derivatives Hye Jin Chun, Esther J. Ocola, Jaan Laane The infrared and Raman spectra of cyclohexane, chlorocyclohexane, bromocyclohexane and their isotopomers have been recorded and analyzed. Theoretical computations have been carried out to calculate the vibrational frequencies and the conformational forms of each molecule using \textit{ab initio} (MP2/cc-pVTZ) and DFT (B3LYP/cc-pVTZ) methods. Cyclohexane can exist in chair or boat conformations and these differ in energy by 32.13 kJ/mol. The chair conformations of chlorocyclohexane and bromocyclohexane both have equatorial and axial forms for the halogen atoms and these differ in energy by 1.06 kJ/mol. The vibrational spectra of cyclohexane-d$_{\mathrm{11}}$, chlorocyclohexane, chlorocyclohexane-d$_{\mathrm{11}}$, bromocyclohexane and bromocyclohexane-d$_{\mathrm{11}}$ confirm the presence of the different conformational forms. The observed frequency differences between the different isotopomers are in excellent agreement with the theoretical calculations. [Preview Abstract] |
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