Session N2: High Energy Physics II

The Unification of Symmetry and Conservation

The partial order in a causal set model of a dynamical system breaks the symmetry of the original set. A law of conservation must exist. The corresponding conserved quantity must be invariant for all least-action trajectories in state space. An action functional for causal sets is postulated. It defines a metric over causal sets. Its minimization is equivalent to minimizing the free energy and entropy in the system. The result is a grupoid of least-action trajectories, where a block system B can be constructed. B is the unique conserved quantity. In turn, B is a causal set, with its own symmetry and conserved quantities. Iteration yields a unique hierarchy of conserved quantities. This is a new fundamental theory of Physics derived directly from fundamental principles of causality, symmetry, least-action, laws of Thermodynamics, and the postulated action functional. Unlike statistical or differential methods, it allows the dynamics of a system to be described in detail. See: http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/jagi.2012.3.issue-3/issue-files/jagi.2012.3.issue-3.xml   

Quantum Vacuum Energy Torque Anomoly

Fulling et al. have found an apparent violation of the relationship between torque and total vacuum energy based on the expectation values of the energy density and pressure of a quantum field inside a conducting wedge as a function of angle. The basic physics underlying the Casimir effect will be presented followed by a brief description of the eigenfunction expansions used to solve Casimir boundary value problems. Finally, details of the torque anomaly will be reviewed.   

Study of Long Term Stability of Gas Electron Multiplier Radiation Detector

The Gaseous electron Multiplier (GEM) technology is one of the many radiation detector technologies that use ionization in gaseous medium to detect electrically charged and neutral particles from various radiations. University of Texas at Arlington's advanced detector group has been working on GEM technology to develop a new, precision detector for future particle accelerator, such as the International Linear Collider. During the course of the past several years, data has been taken continuously to characterize 30cmx30cm prototype detector. Statistical method has been developed to study device's long term behavior. The effect of atmospheric pressure to the detector amplification has been compensated by a correction algorithm. In this talk, I will present the final result of the long term stability study of the prototype detector and its ramification to future use.   

The MSRT, The Interpretation of The Lorentz Transformation Equations, Faster Than Light, The Cherenkov Radiation, Wormholes and The Pioneer Anomaly

In this paper, I'll give an interpretation for the Lorentz transformation equations depending on my Modified Special Relativity Theory MSRT [23]. My interpretation illustrates, the Lorentz factor is equivalent to the refractive index in optics. Also, according to my MSRT, it is possible measuring speeds of particles or electromagnetic waves to be greater than light speed in vacuum, but in this case, there is no violation for the Lorentz transformation or causality, and thus it is keeping on the laws of physics to be the same in all inertial frames of reference. From that I refute the proposed claim by Cohen and Glashow in their paper [33] refuting the OPERA experiment, depending on the analogy of Cherenkov radiation, where this proposed claim is based on a wrong concept to the superluminal speeds, and this wrong concept is based on a flaw that is existed in the special relativity theory of Einstein. Also, in this paper I'll illustrate how the Modified general Relativity must be modified according to MSRT, and then the worm holes and the Pioneer anomaly will be solved according to that.   

Measurements of the Structure of the Nucleon

The Abilene Christian University Nuclear Physics Research Group has a long history of studying the structure of the nucleon. Our research has focused on measurements that will improve our understanding of the anti-quark and spin structure of the proton. More recently we have also joined an effort to improve our understanding of the fission process of heavy nuclei. All of these measurements study the charged particles that are produced by a nucleon beam. The physics goals and current status of the PHENIX, SeaQuest, and NIFFTE collaborations will be reviewed.   

Investigation of Electric Sparks on the Failure of GEM Radiation Detector Prototype

High energy physics (HEP) looks for the fundamental particles of the universe and the forces between these particles. HEP often uses high energy particle accelerators and massive detectors for these. Experiments in the future particle accelerator, precision measurement of clusters of particles is very important. UTA High Energy Physics (HEP) group has been working on the development and testing of Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) based calorimeter, an energy measuring device for the past several years. Several prototypes up to 30cmx30cm have been built and exposed to particle beams and cosmic rays. During data taking, however, several electronics channels stopped functioning. Electric discharges in the prototype detector were suspected to be the most probable cause. Understanding the behavior of spark is essential for the reliability of this technology and help mitigating future damage to expensive electronics. In this talk, I will present results from data analysis using statistical methods to understand the behavior of the high voltage sparks in the prototype and the impact to the neighboring channels.   

Long-Term Stability Gas Electron Multiplier Radiation Detector with One-Bit Digital Readout

High Energy Physics (HEP) is the field which investigates the most fundamental particles in the universe using high-energy particle accelerators in an attempt to understand the forces between them. Thus far, the Standard Model describes many of the interactions we observe; however, it is not a complete theory and there is a push to further accurately characterize these particles. For this, future particle accelerator experiments require very precision energy measurement device, the calorimeter. The University of Texas at Arlington's (UTA) HEP group developed and tested three 30cmx30cm prototype Gas Electron Multiplier detectors (GEM) as a viable instrument to carry out such measurements. Two cascaded GEM foils amplify electrons stripped from the Ar-CO2 gas in the chamber while the voltage across the chamber directs the signal to a readout board. The detector provides a high rate of particle detection and can withstand high radiation environments. Determining GEM detectors operational behavior and stability over a long time period is critical to implement the technology. The GEM detector has been exposed to various radiation sources during testing, but to accurately depict the long-term behavior it is important to consider experiments done only under similar conditions. In this talk, we present a long-term analysis to understand the stability of the GEM detector using the statistical method on cosmic ray data.