Bulletin of the American Physical Society
2009 Spring Meeting of the Texas Sections of the APS, AAPT, and SPS
Volume 54, Number 2
Thursday–Saturday, April 2–4, 2009; Stephenville, Texas
Session M3: APS4 |
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Chair: Mike Hibbs, Tarleton State University Room: Science Building 109 |
Saturday, April 4, 2009 10:00AM - 10:12AM |
M3.00001: Quantum Spacetime A Phenomenological Approach Richard Croley This is a first step of a program to build a model assuming metric spacetime changes at the Planck scale. These Planck scale metric changes can result in nonzero vacuum effects due to Planck scale quantum mechanical displacements that are analogous to elastic vibrations in solids. This approach results in test particle position and trajectories being spread out over time and non-zero quantum gravity effects. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, April 4, 2009 10:12AM - 10:24AM |
M3.00002: Wavelength Dependant Amplitude of Teflon Raman Lines Charles Manka, Sergei Nikitin, Robert Lunsford, Nagapratima Kunapareddy Teflon is a ubiquitous laboratory material that produces a strong Raman response. While it is an excellent scatterer and frequent test target for alignment purposes, there is surprisingly sparse Raman data for Teflon in the literature. Teflon has been utilized as an external standard in a process to determine Raman cross sections. However, comparison of the relative amplitudes of the prominent Teflon lines indicates a significant effect on line ratios as the excitation wavelength is changed. This dependence on excitation wavelength has been commented on previously and attributed to ``pre-resonance effects'' but no detailed examination had been undertaken to date. We present the results of a study of Teflon Raman line ratios for excitation wavelengths from 210 nm to 340 nm. Behavior of these lines should be known if Teflon is to be used as a Raman standard as well as for comparison of experiments carried out utilizing different excitation wave lengths. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, April 4, 2009 10:24AM - 10:36AM |
M3.00003: Frequency Dependence of End Corrections for a Pipe of Circular Cross Section Matthew Krumm, Sam Matteson This experiment is designed to test the accuracy of current theories regarding end effects, the phenomenon that causes sound waves to appear to have traveled farther than they actually have, in cylindrical pipes. To measure this effect, a white noise generator was placed near the open end of a cylinder with a movable stop so as to allow the effective length to be changed, and the sound waves produced in the cylinder to be measured. The aforementioned waves were analyzed using SpectralPlus software in order to determine resonant frequencies of the pipe which were compared to theoretical predictions. This process revealed that end effects are indeed present and that they are frequency-dependent. The experiment was repeated with varying length and diameter of cylinders to ascertain the exact dependence of end effects on those parameters. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, April 4, 2009 10:36AM - 10:48AM |
M3.00004: Quantum Game Theory: Prisoner's Dilemma Michael Luvaul Quantum game theory is an increasingly growing field and will continue to grow as the realization of widespread quantum computation draws near. I will present some of the basic tenants of classical game theory before giving an example of a classical game that can be improved upon greatly with the application of quantum information. In this game, The Prisoner's Dilemma, there is a classical disconnect between the Nash Equilibrium and the Pareto Optimal outcome. I will show that if the prisoners have access to an entangled pair of qubits they can improve this to a Quantum Nash Equilibrium with a payout equal to that of Pareto Optimal, thus removing the ``dilemma.'' Moreover, discussion of probable future effects of outcomes such as these and their societal impact will be explored. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, April 4, 2009 10:48AM - 11:00AM |
M3.00005: Novel ZnO/Hydrogel Detection System for Bio-Imgaing Benny Urban ZnO is a direct bad gap semiconductor with high excitation energy. Because of its direct band gap, excitation energy, and non-toxic properties, it is a promising candidate for biological applications. Hydrogel is a gel composed of randomly cross linked polymer networks. Because of the gels ability to shrink as temperature increases, ZnO nanoparticles that are incorporated into the hydrogel matrix will increase luminescence due to higher exciton binding energy. ZnO that is incorporated into the hydrogel matrix can be bioconjugated to a antibody which seeks out a specific type of cell. Through a process known as fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) it is possible to view the cell by exciting the ZnO/hydrogel. If the system is tailored to seek out cancer cells it is possible to create an efficient cancer detection system. Conjugating small amounts of medicines to the ZnO/hydrogel may also be possible, which would disperse to the cell when the ZnO was excited. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, April 4, 2009 11:00AM - 11:12AM |
M3.00006: Using the Feynman-Kac Path Integral Method in Computing Eigenvalues and Matrix Elements for the Infinite Square Well with a Negative Delta Potential James M. Rejcek, Nail G. Fazleev The exact analytical solution of the Feynman-Kac path integral for the Infinite Square Well with a negative value delta function potential at the origin is presented and compared with numerical calculations approximated by random walk simulations on a discrete grid. In addition, a method using parity symmetry on the matrix element is presented that allows higher order eigenstates to be computed. The method provides exact values in the limit of infinitesimal step size and infinite time for the lowest eigenstates. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, April 4, 2009 11:12AM - 11:24AM |
M3.00007: Von Mises Probability and Hilbert Space James Espinosa There are two major theories of probability, one due to von Mises and the other due to Kolmogorov. The first requires the existence of a collective before probabilities can be defined. Its motivation is physical. The second postulates a probability space which is purely mathematical. It makes probability a branch of mathematics. We show that von Mises' theory is more appropriate to application in quantum theory. Kolomogorov's theory can lead to paradoxical results. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, April 4, 2009 11:24AM - 11:36AM |
M3.00008: The Acoustic Simple Harmonic Oscillator: Experimental Verification and Applications Sam Matteson In his famous volume, \textit{The Sensations of Tone,} published in 1877, Hermann Helmholtz introduced a resonator that was central to his investigations of acoustics. This talk revisits the device that Helmholtz described and examines it as a manifestation of an acoustic simple harmonic oscillator (SHO). The presentation demonstrates that an enclosed volume which communicates with the outside world via a narrow tube exhibits a single strong frequency response in analogy to a mechanical SHO, along with weaker resonances of the air in the short pipe that comprises the ``neck.'' The investigations, furthermore, report results of a straightforward experiment that confirms the SHO model (with damping) and that is very accessible to undergraduate students using inexpensive equipment and internet-obtainable freeware. The current work also extends the analysis to include applications of the Helmholtz Resonator to several folk instruments, namely, the ocarina, whistling, and the ``bottle band.'' [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, April 4, 2009 11:36AM - 11:48AM |
M3.00009: Analysis Of Flow Around A Two Dimensional Body Naveen Ramunigari, Raul Corral, Paul Rodriguez A parachute has been analyzed to understand the physics that has been acting upon the parachute. These results are computed for air flow past a 2D model of a parachute is presented. The flow from different directions has been used for the computations for laminar and turbulent flows. The boundary conditions for the inlet flow have been defined for the entering region and the normal component of velocity is used for the upstream cells. The mass flow rate has also been computed. The computations for the airfoil without a leading edge cut for \[\alpha = 0\] results in an attached flow. The edge causes the significant effect on the pressure and the velocity profiles produced due the flow. It is found that the flow on the surface of the parachute had a greater impact. However the flow quality improves as the duration of the flow increases. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, April 4, 2009 11:48AM - 12:00PM |
M3.00010: A general analytic solution for the B-field produced at all points in space by a solenoid of arbitrary length Edward Butterworth The cleanest way to a general and easily programmable analytic solution for the magnetic field of a cylindrical solenoid is to determine the functional form of the closed level curve of the field through any arbitrary point in space. The length of the curve is then determined by integration, and the field strength follows from a direct application of Ampere's circuital law. The two limiting cases (the infinitely long solenoid and single current loop) may serve as guides in this operation. The functional form of the level curves may be found using a conformal transformation, provided the three dimensional character of the solenoid is adequately assessed. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, April 4, 2009 12:00PM - 12:12PM |
M3.00011: Comparison of optical properties of cultured and excised ocular tissues as single- and multi-layered structures Brian Yust, Fred Barrera, L. Christopher Mimun, Andrew Tsin, Dhiraj Sardar The near infrared (NIR) optical properties of the various ocular layers, including the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), sclera, and choroid, were studied using a double-integrating sphere setup. Inverse Adding-Doubling, Kubelka-Munk, and Inverse Monte Carlo techniques were applied to obtain absorption and scattering coefficients. Changes in polarization of transmitted and reflected light were measured using a polarizer and single integrating sphere. ARPE24 cell monolayers were cultured in viewing windows and optically characterized. Newly excised ocular tissues were bisected and characterized as a single- and multi-layer tissue structures. The results from excised and cultured tissues were compared to determine any significant differences in the NIR optical properties. A comparison was also made between the NIR optical properties of the multi-layer retinal structure and a model of the multi-layer structure constructed from the optical properties of the single tissue-type layers. This study will add to the understanding of how light propagates through turbid media, such as biological tissues consisting of multiple cell-type layers. [Preview Abstract] |
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