Bulletin of the American Physical Society
Joint Fall 2021 Meeting of the Texas Sections of APS, AAPT, and SPS
Volume 66, Number 10
Thursday–Saturday, October 21–23, 2021; Houston; Central Time
Session M03: Nuclear & Particle II |
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Chair: Walter Thompson, UHCL Room: STEM 2101 |
Friday, October 22, 2021 2:00PM - 2:30PM |
M03.00001: Abstract Withdrawn
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Friday, October 22, 2021 2:30PM - 2:42PM |
M03.00002: The new structure (external and internal structure) for the proton, as a subatomic particle and its nature Gh. Saleh, R. Alizadeh Dahdahli, H. A. Boshaghi The structure of the proton as one of the important subatomic particles has been studied by scientists and the structure which proposed for it has been evolved through time. Based on Saleh Theory, Proton is a dense compact globe filled up of Photons with a radius three times smaller than that of an Electron. It presents an internal structure for proton similar to a cherry or to the sun with two layers; the Core and the mantle. The core is almost spherical and fortified and its radius is about one-third of the entire protons radius, but its density is about 15 times more than the mantle and the mantle is a brawny layer, which includes about 2/3 of the total radius, and completely encircles the core by a much lower density than it. In this paper we are going to explain this structure and compare the interaction between particles based on this theory and standard model. For instant we compare proton- proton collision. In this interaction, mantle part splits into two large fragments and some tiny particles but the smash is not enough to split the dense core. So the heavy dense particle which is called down quark is not anything other than the proton's core, the two parts of the mantle that are larger, lighter and less dense than core, are not something other than the up quarks, and the other small parts are photons and rays. At the end we show the benefit of each theory. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, October 22, 2021 2:42PM - 2:54PM |
M03.00003: An Analytical Model to understand Clustering on a NISoC device. Joel Saroni The Neutron Intercepting System on a Chip (NISoC) has the ability to count and image neutrons through boron-10 capture ($n \ + \ ^{10}B \longrightarrow \ ^4He \ + \ ^7Li$) interactions. The resultant ions cause charge loss in the device’s capacitors. Each NISoC contains $2^{31}$ pixels that can be flipped by an interaction. Clustering is an effect where multiple pixels are flipped in close proximity indicating multiple interactions within the same area. An analytical framework will be presented to distinguish clusters of pixels resulting from a single neutron interaction from neighboring pixels resulting from multiple neutron interactions. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, October 22, 2021 2:54PM - 3:06PM |
M03.00004: Constraining attractive and repulsive interactions in the excluded volume HRG model Jamie Karthein, Volker Koch, Claudia Ratti, Volodymyr Vovchenko We investigate extensions of the Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) Model beyond the ideal case by including attractive and repulsive interactions to the model [1]. When considering additional states exceeding those measured with high confidence by the Particle Data Group, additive corrections to the overall pressure in the HRG model are imposed. We also study the effect of including excluded-volume (EV) corrections. In the version of the EV-HRG model that we utilize, we ensure that no two baryons occupy the same space by turning on repulsive (anti)baryon-(anti)baryon interactions. Furthermore, we see that these two extensions are complementary and focus on the agreement of our EV-HRG model results with first-principles lattice QCD calculations on fluctuations of conserved charges. We note that these results are interesting for studies of the chemical freeze-out stage in heavy-ion collisions at both the LHC and RHIC. We find interesting ratios of susceptibilities that are sensitive to one correction and not the other. This allows us to constrain the excluded volume and particle spectrum effects separately. We see intriguing indications that a smaller excluded volume is preferred for hyperons as compared to non-strange baryons. 1. J. M. Karthein, \textit{et al}, arXiv: 2107.00588 [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, October 22, 2021 3:06PM - 3:18PM |
M03.00005: Contribution of Hadron Families to the QCD Equation of State. Angel Nava Lattice QCD simulations provide the pressure of QCD as a function of the temperature. In the low-temperature regime, the thermodynamics can be understood in terms of a gas of non-interacting hadrons and resonances, but the contribution of the single hadronic species cannot be easily isolated [1]. We propose linear combinations of susceptibilities of conserved charges, that isolate the contribution of hadrons to the pressure of QCD according to their baryon number B, electric charge Q and strangeness S content. We test the validity of these linear combinations in the Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model and compare them to available lattice QCD results. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, October 22, 2021 3:18PM - 3:30PM |
M03.00006: QCD Dynamical Properties from Holographic Black Holes Joaquin Grefa Jumbo, Claudia Ratti, Israel Portillo, Romulo Rougemont, Jacquelyn Noronha-Hostler, Jorge Noronha By using gravity/gauge correspondence, we employ an Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton model to compute the dynamical properties of a baryon rich quark-gluon plasma. The family of 5-dimensional holographic black holes, which are constrained to mimic the lattice QCD equation of state at zero density, is used to investigate the temperature and baryon chemical potential dependence of the bulk and shear viscosities, baryon charge transport coefficients, and energy loss of light and heavy quarks with a particular focus on the behavior of these observables on top of the critical end point and the line of first order phase transition predicted by the model. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, October 22, 2021 3:30PM - 3:42PM |
M03.00007: Strangeness-neutral equation of state for QCD with a critical point. Damien Price, Jamie Karthein, Angel Nava Acuna, Claudia Ratti, Deborah Mroczek, Jacquelyn Noronha-Hostler, Paolo Parotto We construct a family of equations of state for QCD in the temperature range 30$\le $T$\le $800 MeV and in the chemical potential range 0$\le \mu $B$\le $450 MeV [1]. These equations of state match available lattice QCD results up to O($\mu $B\textasciicircum 4) and in each of them we place a critical point in the 3D Ising model universality class. Our results for the pressure, entropy density, baryon density, energy density and speed of sound can be used as inputs in the hydrodynamical simulations of the fireball created in heavy ion collisions. We follow the approach presented in Ref. [2], but we extend it to a more realistic scenario, which reflects the net-strangeness and net-electric charge content of the colliding nuclei in heavy-ion collisions. [1] J. M. Karthein, D. Mroczek, A. R. Nava Acuna, J. Noronha-Hostler, P. Parotto, D. Price, C. Ratti, Eur.Phys.J.Plus 136 (2021) 6, 621. [2] P. Parotto, M. Bluhm, D. Mroczek, M. Nahrgang, J. Noronha-Hostler, K. Rajagopal, C. Ratti, T. Schaefer, M. Stephanov, Phys. Rev. C101 (2020) 034901. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, October 22, 2021 3:42PM - 3:54PM |
M03.00008: The effect of magnetic fields on particle propagation in stellar environments Faiz Khan, Samina Masood We show there is an effect in highly dense stellar cores that has not been explored in prior work. We discuss the renormalizability of QED in such an environment. It is found that the renormalization constants of QED are modified in stellar media. The newly computed renormalization constants can be used as effective parameters of QED to study the particle processes in hot and dense stars. We propose to use modified parameters to analyze astrophysical data and investigate the structure and composition of stars.A [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, October 22, 2021 3:54PM - 4:06PM |
M03.00009: Search for new physics using top quark pairs produced in association with a boosted Z or Higgs boson in effective field theory Bryan Caraway A data sample containing top quark pairs produced in association with a boosted Z or Higgs boson is used to search for signs of new physics within the framework of effective field theory (EFT). The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of $137 \, \mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ of proton-proton collisions produced at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the LHC and collected by the CMS experiment. Selected collision events contain a single lepton and hadronic jets, including two identified with the decay of bottom quarks, plus an additional large-radius jet with high transverse momentum ($\mathrm{p}_{\mathrm{T}}$) identified as a Z or Higgs boson candidate decaying to a bottom quark pair. Machine learning techniques are employed to discriminate $\mathrm{t}\bar{\mathrm{t}}\mathrm{Z}$ and $\mathrm{t}\bar{\mathrm{t}}\mathrm{H}$ events from background processes, dominated by $\mathrm{t}\bar{\mathrm{t}}+\mathrm{jets}$ production. The signal strengths of boosted $\mathrm{t}\bar{\mathrm{t}}\mathrm{Z}$ and $\mathrm{t}\bar{\mathrm{t}}\mathrm{H}$ processes are measured, and upper limits are placed on the $\mathrm{t}\bar{\mathrm{t}}\mathrm{Z}$ and $\mathrm{t}\bar{\mathrm{t}}\mathrm{H}$ differential cross sections as functions of the Z or Higgs boson $\mathrm{p}_{\mathrm{T}}$. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, October 22, 2021 4:06PM - 4:18PM |
M03.00010: Two Particle Correlations of Neutral and Charged Kaons in heavy-ion collisions Anjaly Sasikumar Menon Measurements of two particle correlations are sensitive to several characteristics of the medium created in heavy ion collisions. Looking at the correlations of charged and neutral kaons might provide information about the potential formation of disoriented chiral condensates (DCCs). Previous ALICE measurements have indeed shown a strong anti-correlation between charged and neutral kaons, which is qualitatively consistent with the formation of DCCs. The initial goal of this analysis is to perform charged and neutral kaon identification with high purity using the ALICE detector. Once the neutral and charged kaons are cleanly identified, they can be used to construct the two-particle correlation function. We will show measurements of a more differential analysis of these correlations as function of $\Delta \Phi$ and $\Delta \eta$ from Pb-Pb collisions at $ \sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02 $ TeV. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, October 22, 2021 4:18PM - 4:30PM |
M03.00011: Quantum optics approach to black-hole thermodynamics via conformal quantum mechanics Abhijit Chakraborty, Arash Azizi, Horacio Camblong, Carlos Ordonez, Marlan Scully The microscopic origin of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy (BHE) still remains somewhat elusive for nonextremal generic black holes. Previous works show that conformal symmetry in the near-horizon (NH) region plays a role in determining the holographic area-entropy relation of BHE for extremal black holes. To elucidate further the role scaling symmetry plays in the microscopic origin of the thermal atmosphere around a black hole, we map the NH behavior of the field modes to the scale-invariant Hamiltonian of conformal quantum mechanics (CQM) for any static or stationary black hole. To get the area-entropy relation, we construct a cavity-like setup where two-state atoms in their ground state are injected randomly in the Boulware vacuum of the field and they fall freely towards the black hole. We show that the atoms emit thermal radiation with Hawking temperature, and the change in entropy of the photon field is proportional to the change in the area of the black hole due to the photon generation. We further show that the NH CQM plays a crucial role in determining the proportionality factor which is the same as the BHE. The derivation is valid for any static and stationary black hole and any initial condition for the free fall, proving the universality of our result. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, October 22, 2021 4:30PM - 4:42PM |
M03.00012: Potential for discovery of a new dark matter WIMP at the present Large Hadron Collider Spencer Ellis, Trevor Croteau, Brandon Torres, Sabrina Hernandez, Diego Cristancho Guerrero, Caden LaFontaine, Bailey Tallman, Roland Allen In this talk and another one at this conference [1], we discuss the potential for discovery at a hadron or lepton collider of a new dark matter WIMP which we have proposed, called the higgson [2] because it results from an extended Higgs sector. CMS and ATLAS have independently placed upper limits on the branching ratio for invisible Higgs decays to particles with a total mass of $< 125$ GeV. The present particle has a small Higgs coupling, however, and the total mass of a pair should be $\sim 150$ GeV, so it is consistent with experiment. There is still the possibility that the Higgs coupling is strong enough for creation through this mechanism at the present LHC. If not, the remaining predicted signature for collider detection is then $\sim 150$ GeV of missing transverse energy resulting from vector boson fusion, which may be observable at future colliders [1]. [1] Sabrina Hernandez et al., Potential for discovery of a new dark matter WIMP at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider or the Compact Linear Collider, talk at this conference. [2] Caden LaFontaine, Bailey Tallman, Spencer Ellis, Trevor Croteau, Brandon Torres, Sabrina Hernandez, Diego Cristancho Guerrero, Jessica Jaksik, Drue Lubanski and Roland Allen, Universe 7, 270 (2021), and references therein. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, October 22, 2021 4:42PM - 4:54PM |
M03.00013: Potential for discovery of a new dark matter WIMP at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider or the Compact Linear Collider Sabrina Hernandez, Spencer Ellis, Brandon Torres, Trevor Croteau, Bailey Tallman, Caden LaFontaine, Diego Cristancho Guerrero, Roland Allen We propose a new dark matter WIMP, for which the best prospect for collider discovery appears to be vector boson fusion. Since this is a 4-vertex process with a very small cross-section (which we estimate to be $\sim 1$ femtobarn), it appears that detection of this particle is likely to require a new collider with greater reach than the present LHC -- either the High-Luminosity LHC or the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC). We will discuss the plans for these new colliders and how the particle proposed here can be observed, via missing transverse energy of $\sim 150$ GeV resulting from W and Z fusion. We will also describe the very favorable features of this dark matter candidate, which is consistent with all current experimental limits, but within reach of several experiments that are planned for the near or foreseeable future. The present theory is consistent with supersymmetry, although the dark matter particle itself does not require susy. [Preview Abstract] |
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