Bulletin of the American Physical Society
2019 Joint Fall Meeting of the Texas Sections of APS, AAPT and Zone 13 of the SPS
Volume 64, Number 18
Friday–Saturday, October 25–26, 2019; Lubbock, Texas
Session F01: Biological and Soft Matter Physics II |
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Chair: Lloyd Lumata, UT-Dallas Room: Student Union Building Lubbock Room |
Friday, October 25, 2019 4:00PM - 4:12PM |
F01.00001: Hyperpolarization: Amplification of MRI Signals by \textgreater 10,000-fold for Ultrasensitive Detection and Assessment of Cancer Lloyd Lumata As cancer cells proliferate rapidly, there is an immediate need for new raw materials and nutrients to sustain the hyperdrive metabolic machinery of tumors. Metabolic rewiring, mainly characterized by the voracious appetite of cancer and thus stark deviation from the normal biochemical behavior, is one prominent hallmark of this disease. Thus, in vivo detection of these biochemical changes and behavior could reveal important diagnostic information for early detection and metabolic assessment of this pathology. In this study, the principles and associated instrumentation of physics-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal-enhancing technology called hyperpolarization will be discussed. Furthermore, examples of biomedical applications in which the MRI signal-enhancing power of hyperpolarization is harnessed especially in molecular imaging of cancer will be discussed as well. This study is supported by the Welch Foundation grant AT-1877-20180324, DOD grants W18XWH-17-1-0303 and W81XWH-19-1-0741, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT) grant RP180716, and the UTD Collaborative Biomedical Research Award (CoBRA). [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, October 25, 2019 4:12PM - 4:24PM |
F01.00002: Tracking the Glutamine and Ammonia Metabolism in Renal Cell Carcinoma Using NMR Spectroscopy Asiye Asaadzade, Fatemeh Khashami, Lloyd Lumata Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body and is a major source of carbon and nitrogen (in the form of ammonia) in cellular metabolism. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) or kidney cancer has a particular addiction to high consumption of glutamine to sustain its rapid proliferation. In this study, we have investigated the metabolic fate of glutamine in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) or kidney cancer using carbon-13 and nitrogen-15 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Due to overexpression of specific glutamine metabolic enzymes, there is an overproduction of glutamine metabolites such as glutamate and ammonia which can be detected by $^{\mathrm{13}}$C and $^{\mathrm{15}}$N NMR spectroscopy. The details of $^{\mathrm{13}}$C,$^{\mathrm{15}}$N glutamine as a metabolic biomarker for RCC will be discussed. This study is supported by the Welch Foundation grant AT-1877-03242018, DOD grants W18XWH-17-1-0303 and W81XWH-19-1-0741, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT) grant RP180716, and the UTD Collaborative Biomedical Research Award (CoBRA). [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, October 25, 2019 4:24PM - 4:36PM |
F01.00003: Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy of Aberrant Beta-Galactosidase and Arginase Activities in Cancer$\backslash $cf0 Chelsea Sanchez, Fatemeh Khashami, Qing Wang, Aya Cloyd, Lloyd Lumata h $-abstract-$\backslash $pard Hyperdrive metabolism is a common occurrence in cancer as more nutrients and raw materials are required to sustain rapid proliferation and growth, non-invasive detection methods for assessing such abnormal metabolic activities could potentially provide definitive diagnostic information of said disease. In this study, we have investigated the feasibility of carbon-13 labeled lactose ureide and arginine as potential biomarkers for the early detection of cancer. In particular, we used 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to track the metabolism of two human cancer cell lines with 13C-lactose ureide and 13C-arginine, respectively: 1) 13C-lactose ureide in living MCF-7 breast cancer cells which have upregulated beta-galactosidase activity, and 2) 13C-arginine metabolism in HuH7 hepatocarcinoma cells. NMR data on the metabolic results will be discussed in view of their potential as non-invasive, in-vivo biomarkers for cancer. This study is supported by the Welch Foundation grant AT-1877-20180324, DOD grants W18XWH-17-1-0303 and W81XWH-19-1-0741, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT) grant RP180716, and the UTD Collaborative Biomedical Research Award (CoBRA).$\backslash $pard-/abstract-$\backslash $\tex [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, October 25, 2019 4:36PM - 4:48PM |
F01.00004: Real-Time Monitoring of Cellular Metabolism Using a Bioreactor in a Benchtop NMR Spectrometer James Mulhern, Khoa Nguyen, Brianna Royer, Kathleen Domalogdog, Stuart Malina, Esha Bansal, Qing Wang, Fatemeh Kashami, Lloyd Lumata Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a non-destructive analytical technique that uses non-ionizing radiofrequency (RF) waves for chemical elucidation of living and non-living objects. In this project, we have demonstrated that the metabolism of glucose, fructose, and sucrose in cancer cells and Saccharomyces cerevisae (Baker's yeast) can be monitored in real-time with high chemical specificity using either static or continuous-flow bioreactor tubes inside a benchtop NMR spectrometer. Both proton (1H) and carbon-13 NMR spectroscopic measurements were performed which allowed us to track the biochemical fates of a variety of nutrients in cells. Experimental results will be discussed in light of the importance of real-time biochemical detection in living cells, as well as possible expansion to a variety of cell lines and biochemical quantitation of their enzymatic reactions. This study is supported by the Welch Foundation grant AT-1877-20180324, DOD grants W18XWH-17-1-0303 and W81XWH-19-1-0741, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT) grant RP180716, and the UTD Collaborative Biomedical Research Award (CoBRA). [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, October 25, 2019 4:48PM - 5:00PM |
F01.00005: Bacterial Motility Near a Smooth Surface: Experiments and Analysis Keaton Holt, Quan Hoang, Nam-Dung Hoang, Frank Healy, Hoa Nguyen, Orrin Shindell Motile bacteria play a pivotal role among forms of life on Earth and studying them has many real world applications. In particular, studying how motile bacteria interact with a smooth surface provides understanding about their transition from living as free-swimmers in the fluid to being a part of a surface aggregated community. Such knowledge can be useful in the resolution of medical problems like infections in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. In this work, we report the reconstructed motion of the motile bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) from 2D images generated by Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. The Trackpy package for Python allows us to follow a bacterium along its trajectory while acquiring an initial estimate of its position in 2D space at each step. Then, from the collection of brightly lit pixels that make up an instance of a bacterium, we use our in-house Ellipsoid Fitting Algorithm to determine its 3D position and orientation relative to the surface. From these parameters, we further extract the velocity, the localized radii of curvature of the trajectory, and the orientation relative to the local axes defined by the trajectory. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, October 25, 2019 5:00PM - 5:12PM |
F01.00006: Cellular Constriction Chains in the Drosophila Embryo: Mechanical Feedback and Robustness of Morphogenetic Movements Michael Holcomb, Guo-Jie Gao, Mahsa Servati, Dylan Schneider, Presley McNeely, Jeffrey Thomas, Jerzy Blawzdziewicz The key process that initiates Ventral Furrow Formation (VFF) in the Drosophila embryo is the constriction of outer side (apical) cells on the underside (ventral side) of the embryo. The cellular constrictions of individual cells combine to produce a spontaneous negative curvature that buckles the tissue inwards. We have previously treated apical cells as an active granular fluid and shown that the apical constrictions during this initial phase of VFF produce well-defined patterns, now known as cellular constriction chains (CCCs). We argue that CCCs are a signature of intercellular coordination via tensile mechanical stress and provide a statistical comparison between our active granular fluid model of the embryo's outer surface and processed high-resolution confocal microscopy time lapses of live embryos. Additionally, we demonstrate that CCCs can penetrate or bypass pockets of cells with reduced apical constriction probability, and we argue that CCC formation increases robustness of VFF to spatial variation of cellular contractility. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, October 25, 2019 5:12PM - 5:24PM |
F01.00007: Hele—Shaw model for studying particle interactions in a confined Couette flow Sagnik Singha, Abhilash Reddy Malipeddi, Mauricio Zurita-Gotor, Kausik Sarkar, Jerzy Blawzdziewicz In a highly confined drop monolayer subjected to shear flow, deformable particles spontaneously rearrange to form highly ordered linear structures along the flow direction. This self-ordering phenomenon can be attributed to a combination of the Hele—Shaw quadrupolar interactions (responsible for drop alignment into chains) and the swapping-trajectory repulsion (responsible for maintaining uniform separation between drops within a chain) [Soft Matter 15, 4873 (2019)]. The damped swapping-trajectory repulsion is generated when flow scattered by a given particle is reflected from the wall towards a neighboring particle. This reflected flow drives the second particle into a streamline that pushes it away from the first particle. For deformable particles, the swapping trajectory repulsion is finite-range, due to deformation-induced particle migration towards the center of a channel. I will demonstrate quantitative modeling of the 3D swapping-trajectory motion and discuss its effect on the microstructure of a drop monolayer. [Preview Abstract] |
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