Bulletin of the American Physical Society
Joint Meeting of the Four Corners and Texas Sections of the American Physical Society
Volume 61, Number 15
Friday–Saturday, October 21–22, 2016; Las Cruces, New Mexico
Session C1: Gravitational Waves and Cosmology |
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Chair: Siu-Au Lee, Colorado State University Room: Exhibit Hall 2 |
Friday, October 21, 2016 1:00PM - 1:24PM |
C1.00001: Status of lasers for next generation gravitational wave detectors with cryogenic silicon optics Invited Speaker: Volker Quetschke The hunt for gravitational waves with interferometric gravitational wave detectors is one of the most important research areas in today's experimental physics. After the first direct observation of gravitational waves in Fall of last year, the door to a new field of gravitational wave astronomy has been opened. However, an advanced next generation of gravitational wave detectors will be required in order to systematically probe the universe and to make the step from the detection of gravitational waves to routinely observing them. The next generation of gravitational wave detectors is envisioned to increase its sensitivity by going to cryogenic optics to reduce the thermal noise of the mirrors of the interferometer. Those mirrors, constituting the test masses that sense the gravitational waves passing by, will be made from silicon because of the superior noise properties of silicon at cryogenic temperatures. The change of material will lead to a change in the light wavelength that can be used with the next generation detectors. The wavelength needs to be increased to $1.5~\mu m$ or longer to avoid absorption in the silicon test masses. The talk will present the state of the art of 1.5 and 2 $\mu m$ laser systems using fiber amplifier technology. Stabilization techniques and challenges, as well as the prospects for future power increases of the laser systems will also be addressed. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, October 21, 2016 1:24PM - 1:48PM |
C1.00002: Learning about Black-Hole Formation from Gravitational Waves Invited Speaker: Michael Kesden The first observing run of the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) discovered gravitational waves from two binary black-hole mergers. Although astrophysical black holes are simple objects fully characterized by their masses and spins, key features of binary black-hole formation such as mass transfer, natal kicks, and common-envelope evolution can misalign black-hole spins with the orbital angular momentum of the binary. These misaligned spins will precess as gravitational-wave emission causes the black holes to inspiral to separations at which the waves are detectable by observatories like LIGO. Spin precession modulates the amplitude and frequency of the gravitational waves observed by LIGO, allowed it to not only test general relativity but also reveal the secrets of black-hole formation. This talk will review those elements of binary black-hole formation responsible for initial spin misalignments, how spin precession and radiation reaction in general relativity determine how spins evolve from formation until the black holes enter LIGO's sensitivity band, and how spin-induced gravitational-wave modulation in band can be used as a diagnostic of black-hole formation. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, October 21, 2016 1:48PM - 2:00PM |
C1.00003: Towards a charged Myers-Perry black hole Eric Hirschmann, Chris Verhaaren We describe the development of a self-consistent field technique to solve for black holes in higher dimensions. Such a method has been used to find various matter configurations in four dimensions such as neutron stars in Newtonian gravity and general relativity. This is applied to five spacetime dimensions and charged Myers-Perry black holes with one and two rotations. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, October 21, 2016 2:00PM - 2:12PM |
C1.00004: Pattern recognition and search for Core-Collapse Supernovae. Marek Szczepanczyk The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) advanced generation detectors started operation in September 2015 with the discovery of Gravitational Waves (GW) from merging black holes. Core-Collapse Supernovae (CCSNe) are spectacular explosions of massive stars and they are one of the most interesting potential sources of GW. The dominant emission process remains unknown, but some of the predicted models have robust features that I will describe in my presentation. They can be used to differentiate GW signals from noise. Extreme emission model waveforms such as Piro and Pfahl 2007 or neutrino driven model such as Yakunin et al 2015 show characteristic trends in time-frequency maps. It is well known in gravitational wave data analysis that we can improve detection and reconstruction of GW signals by using priors (constrained likelihood analysis), like for example on the signal time-frequency evolution. In this presentation we discuss how time-frequency patterns priors can be used to improve the detection efficiency of the coherent Waveburst algorithm for the families of waveforms introduced above. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, October 21, 2016 2:12PM - 2:24PM |
C1.00005: Tilt Classifications in Perfect Fluid Cosmology Bryant Ward, Charles Torre We classify all known perfect fluid cosmological solutions of the Einstein equations according to whether they are ``tilted'' or ``non-tilted''. A non-tilted universe will have observers who see a homogeneous, isotropic universe with matter at rest with respect to them. A tilted universe will have observers who see matter moving relative to them. These classifications are useful when considering fluid models of the Universe in that the Hubble parameter and expansion are observer dependent and can be different in a tilted versus a non-tilted Universe. This gives more insight when fitting these models with observations of our real universe. We make these tilt classifications by establishing whether the 4-velocity of each model's fluid is aligned with the normal of the hyper-surfaces of homogeneity spanned by the Killing vectors for the space-time, which we obtain for each solution. These computations are performed using the Differential Geometry software package being developed at Utah State University. We incorporate the Killing vector fields and the tilt classification into a library of solutions to Einstein's Field Equations as part of the package, providing users with access to the solutions and their physical and geometric properties. [Preview Abstract] |
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