Bulletin of the American Physical Society
22nd Biennial Conference of the APS Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter
Volume 67, Number 8
Monday–Friday, July 11–15, 2022; Anaheim, California
Session W04: Energetic Materials Behavior IIRecordings Available
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Chair: Joshua Felts, NSWC Crane Room: Anaheim Marriott Platinum 2 |
Thursday, July 14, 2022 4:00PM - 4:15PM |
W04.00001: Small-Scale Cylinder Blast Imaging for Detonation Performance Screening Kathryn E Brown It has been shown that applying Rankine-Hugoniot relations and empirical relationships established by Cooper, the near-field expansion of the transmitted air blast wave from a detonating gram-scale sphere or boosted spherical shell of an explosive can provide the detonation velocity and CJ pressure, demonstrated by Biss, et al. However, spheres are difficult to press, and as reported by Sutherland and Benjamin, these experiments are prone to scaling issues: under-boosting and the minimal run distance may cause the underprediction of the explosive performance. Cylindrical charges are significantly easier to press, and the same mass used in a boosted shell configuration can afford longer run distances, helping to mitigate the effects of scale. Reported here are results from preliminary experiments to calculate the detonation velocity and CJ pressure from the imaging of near-field blast waves from detonating gram-scale RDX cylindrical charges. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A (22-038): Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited. |
Thursday, July 14, 2022 4:15PM - 4:30PM |
W04.00002: Small-Scale Characterization of Shock Sensitivity for Non-Ideal Explosives Based on Imaging of Detonation Failure Behavior Dakota G Scott, Nicholas R Cummock, Steven F Son The plethora of potential homemade explosive (HME) formulations combined with the fact they often exhibit large critical diameters make them expensive to characterize with traditional large-scale tests. A relatively new method for small-scale characterization was investigated using non-ideal explosive charges consisting of ammonium nitrate (AN) and various fuels. Here, we extend this method using an optical characterization technique that utilizes the decay rate of the reaction wave velocity in failing detonations of sub-critical diameter charges as a metric for the shock sensitivity of an explosive. The utility of this small-scale characterization technique lies in its ability to determine the relative shock sensitivity of explosive with minimal material and experiments while simultaneously providing transient velocity data for potential use in modeling efforts. In this work, high speed imaging was used and analyzed to determine rates of reaction wave velocity decay in the AN-fuel samples. Among the fuels tested with AN were diesel (ANFO), nitromethane (ANNM), and aluminum (AN-Al). |
Thursday, July 14, 2022 4:30PM - 4:45PM |
W04.00003: Calibrating Physically-Informed Reactive Flow Model (πSURF) for PBX 9501 Levi Lystrom, Nirmal Rai, David B Culp, Tariq D Aslam, Lee Perry PBX 9501 has military and industrial applications due to its performance and sensitivity; its microstructure influences these properties through void collapse generating hot-spots. Scaled Uniform Reactive Flow (SURF) model is one method that describes hot-spot generation via void collapse. However, SURF description of GapStick Tests (GSTs) underpredicts the velocity of the pressure wave at large gap thicknesses. In this work, we hypothesize that the physically-informed SURF (πSURF) reactive flow model with its tabular burn rate can better describe experimental results compared to the analytical SURF model. πSURF burn rate table were increased around ~8 GPa and decreased below ~6 GPa resulting in velocity thickness effect curves more similar to experimental GST compared to SURF. πSURF is a powerful tool due to the ability to manipulate the non-analytically burn rate compared to other analytical reactive flow models (ARFMs). Additionally, πSURF is a physically-informed permitting one to calculate perturbation to the burn rate table based on changes in void volume distribution (VVD). As a result, πSURF is able to describe a range of experimental conditions by straightforwardly modifying the burn rate table and VVD influence on the rate, both improvements over ARFMs. |
Thursday, July 14, 2022 4:45PM - 5:00PM |
W04.00004: Numerical and Physical Experiments on Sugar Pearls as a Means of Studying Brittle Material Crushing and HE Pressing Duan Z Zhang, Paul L Barclay, Michelle A Espy, Christina J Hanson, Brian M Patterson, Caitlin S Woznick, Larry G Hill It is known that void sizes and distributions significantly affect many important properties, such as detonation, sensitivity, and safety of a high explosive (HE) material. In this work, we wish to engineer void size distributions in pressed HE charges for the purpose of dialing HE sensitivity properties. However, the connection between pre-pressed powder structure and pressed void structure is complex and insufficiently understood. Motivated by the fact that sucrose is a good HE mechanical mock, we wish to better understand this connection by using hard candy products as a surrogate for brittle HE powders. |
Thursday, July 14, 2022 5:00PM - 5:15PM |
W04.00005: Effects of reaction kinetics models on macro-scale sensitivity predictions for a wide class of energetic materials prarthana parepalli, Oishik Sen, David B Hardin, Christopher Molek, H.S. Udaykumar The sensitivity of heterogeneous energetic materials (HE) depends on their chemical (molecular) and physical (micro-) structure. For a wide range of energetic materials, the primary energetic components are organic CHNO crystals. The overall macroscopic sensitivity of HEs depends on a complex coupling of the molecular reaction chemistry and microstructural dynamics, due to the localization of energy at hotspots in the microstructure. Reactions triggered at hotspots advance into the unreacted sample, leading to shock-to-detonation (SDT) scenarios. In this work, we perform multi-scale simulations to investigate the effect of uncertainties in the chemical kinetics parameters for the decomposition of the HE material on the rate of deposition of energy at the macro-scale. Ensembles of high-resolution reactive void collapse simulations are performed by varying the global Arrhenius parameters (representing a wide class of HE materials, ranging from insensitive TATB to highly sensitive PETN) to construct meso-informed surrogate models for energy localization. Then macro-scale computations of shock-to-detonation transition are performed using the meso-informed Ignition and Growth (MES-IG) model. The performance of the HE at the macro-scale is evaluated via the critical energy required for initiation in the Walker-Wasley/James space. The predicted critical energy envelopes are compared with experimental data. The results quantify the effects of uncertainties in the chemical kinetics parameters on the macro-scale sensitivity predictions. This study will guide the development of reaction kinetics models to reliably predict macro-scale sensitivity of a wide range of CHNO materials. |
Thursday, July 14, 2022 5:15PM - 5:30PM |
W04.00006: Large deformation GnarlyX hydrocode simulations of the drop weight impact experiment Roseanne M Cheng, Milovan Zecevic, Jeremiah Moore, Marc J Cawkwell, Virginia W Manner We aim for new perspectives on the complex underlying mechanisms that lead to the onset of |
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