Bulletin of the American Physical Society
22nd Biennial Conference of the APS Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter
Volume 67, Number 8
Monday–Friday, July 11–15, 2022; Anaheim, California
Session T02: Energetic Materials: New Molecules and FormulationsFocus Recordings Available
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Chair: David Chavez, Los Alamos National Laboratory Room: Anaheim Marriott Platinum 6 |
Thursday, July 14, 2022 9:15AM - 9:45AM |
T02.00001: Synthesis of new energetic materials based on triazines, tetrazoles, and azasydnones. Invited Speaker: Davin Piercey Our research group focuses on the development of new energetic materials; specifically propellants, explosives and pyrotechnics for tailored sensitivity and performance. In this presentation we will discuss several recent advances in new energetic molecules in our research group with a focus on those preparared on azasydnone, 1,2,4, triazine, and 2,3-disubstituted tetrazoles. Novel energetic materials prepared based on these backbones exibit a range of properties from the potential to be lead-free primary explosives, to being insensitive energetic materials. Consequences of these new materials for the rational design of energetics will also be discussed. We will also discuss novel synthetic methods developed in our group which enable the preparation of known and novel energetic materials by more scalable and environmentally friendly methods, including electrochemically. |
Thursday, July 14, 2022 9:45AM - 10:00AM |
T02.00002: Synthesis and Characterization of Dinitro Pyrazole Based Energetic Plasticizers for Applications in Energetic Formulations Valerie Kuehl, Alexander H Cleveland, Christopher J Snyder Energetic formulations are useful for applications in explosives, gunpowder and solid rocket propellants. Plasticizers are used in energetic formulations to make them more flexible into a material suitable for detonation. One plasticizer, bis-(2,2-dinitropropyl)acetal/formal (BDNPA/F), has been studied and used in formulations, but has issues with hydrolysis and low decomposition temperature. To solve these problems, dinitro pyrazole based energetic plasticizers are an alternative to BDNPA/F, due to their different linkages within the parent structure and higher decomposition temperature. This work investigates the use of dinitro pyrazoles as a monomer unit to synthesize a series of new energetic plasticizers via UV radical catalyzed polymerization. All materials presented here are characterized using NMR, FT-IR, HRMS, GPC, and tested for sensitivity properties. Further work investigating polymerization rate is underway to determine how these energetic plasticizers form in specific size ranges. |
Thursday, July 14, 2022 10:00AM - 10:15AM |
T02.00003: Mechanical and Explosive Performance Modifications of PBXs via Biologically Inspired Core-shell Surface Coating Matthew J Herman, Amanda L Duque, Larry G Hill, John D Yeager Plastic-bonded Explosives (PBXs) are a unique class of highly loaded particle composites. As in the majority of these composite systems, mechanical failure is observed at the interface between the filler particles and the polymer binder system. To prevent this interfacial failure and to strengthen the entire composite system, polydopamine (PDA), a biologically inspired polymer rich in catechol groups, is deposited on the surface of the filler material. PDA is formed through the oxidative degradation of dopamine that results in monomers capable of forming a robust cross-linked, core-shell structured film on the surface of the filler particles. The film is formed without chemically bonding to or modification of the underlying crystal structure. PDA has been applied to a wide range of explosive formulations and shows a dramatic mechanical strengthening effect. However, little work in the literature has demonstrated the effects of PDA coating of explosive crystals on the detonation performance and safety of a PBX. In this work, we investigate PBX 9501 modified with core-shell PDA films, and the resulting effect on mechanical strength as well as safety and detonation performance. LA-UR-22-21842. |
Thursday, July 14, 2022 10:15AM - 10:30AM |
T02.00004: Detonation Performance of CL-20 and MDNT Co-crystal Versus Physical Mixture Joseph Lawrence, Christian J Blum-Sorensen, Stephen G Hamlin, Steven F Son A co-crystal of multiple explosive molecules can be pursued to potentially gain improvements over individual molecular crystalline materials. This process has sometimes been shown to produce energetic materials with desirable properties, such as detonation velocity, between that of the individual coformers. Since the initial synthesis of co-crystals can be limited, small scale experiments are needed to screen materials. Co-crystals can have unique material properties and crystal structure, whereas a physical mixture is simply a well-mixed combination of the known materials at the same molar ratio. This study uses photon Doppler velocimetry (PDV) to compare the particle velocity and detonation pressure for hexanitrohexaazaiso-wurtzitane (CL-20) and 1-methyl-3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazole (MDNT) at a 1:1 molar ratio for both a co-crystal and a physical mixture of the two energetic materials using a very small amount of material (1.25 grams). This co-crystal has been predicted to detonate faster and at a higher pressure compared to the physical mixture based on measured enthalpies of formation, which is likely due to the bonding energy contained in the unique crystal structure of the co-crystal. It has also been shown to detonate at different speeds at the same density (1.4 g/cc) using microwave interferometry. The output particle speed and pressure should also be different between the co-crystal and physical mixture. The objective of this study is to determine if that difference can be resolved. |
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