Bulletin of the American Physical Society
20th Biennial Conference of the APS Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter
Volume 62, Number 9
Sunday–Friday, July 9–14, 2017; St. Louis, Missouri
Session T3: Experimental Developments VII: X-ray Methods |
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Chair: Brian Jensen, Los Alamos National Laboratory Room: Grand Ballroom FG |
Thursday, July 13, 2017 11:15AM - 11:30AM |
T3.00001: Technology Risk Mitigation Research and Development for the Matter-Radiation Interactions in Extremes ({MaRIE}) Project Cris W. Barnes, Juan Fern\'andez, Thomas Hartsfield, Richard Sandberg, Richard Sheffield, John P. Tapia, Zhehui Wang NNSA does not have a capability to understand and test the response of materials and conditions necessary to determine the linkages between microstructure of materials and performance in extreme weapons-relevant environments. Required is an x-ray source, coherent to optimize imaging capability, brilliant and high repetition-rate to address all relevant time scales, and with high enough energy to see into and through the amount of material in the middle or mesoscale where microstructure determines materials response. The Department of Energy has determined there is a mission need for a MaRIE Project to deliver this capability. There are risks to the Project to successfully deliver all the technology needed to provide the capability for the mission need and to use those photons to control the time-dependent production and performance of materials. The present technology risk mitigation activities for the MaRIE project are: developing ultrafast high-energy x-ray detectors, combining the data from several imaging probes to obtain multi-dimensional information about the sample, and developing techniques for bulk dynamic measurements of temperature. This talk will describe these efforts and other critical technology elements requiring future investment by the project. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, July 13, 2017 11:30AM - 11:45AM |
T3.00002: Multi-frame X-ray Phase Contrast Imaging (MPCI) for Dynamic Experiments Adam Iverson, Carl Carlson, Nathaniel Sanchez, Brian Jensen Recent advances in coupling synchrotron X-ray diagnostics to dynamic experiments are providing new information about the response of materials at extremes. For example, propagation based X-ray Phase Contrast Imaging (PCI) which is sensitive to differences in density has been successfully used to study a wide range of phenomena, e.g. jet-formation, compression of additive manufactured (AM) materials, and detonator dynamics. In this talk, we describe the current multi-frame X-ray phase contrast imaging (MPCI) system which allows up to eight frames per experiment, remote optimization, and an improved optical design that increases optical efficiency and accommodates dual-magnification during a dynamic event. Data will be presented that used the dual-magnification feature to obtain multiple images of an exploding foil initiator. In addition, results from static testing will be presented that used a multiple scintillator configuration required to extend the density retrieval to multi-constituent, or heterogeneous systems. The continued development of this diagnostic is fundamentally important to capabilities at the APS including IMPULSE and the Dynamic Compression Sector (DCS), and will benefit future facilities such as MaRIE at Los Alamos National Laboratory. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, July 13, 2017 11:45AM - 12:15PM |
T3.00003: Simultaneous X-ray imaging and diffraction study of shock propagation and phase transition in silicon. Invited Speaker: Eric Galtier X-ray phase contrast imaging technique using a free electron laser have observed the propagation of laser-driven shock waves directly inside materials [1-3]. While providing images with few hundred nanometers spatial resolution, access to more quantitative information like the material density and the various shock front speeds remain challenging due to imperfections in the images limiting the convergence in the reconstruction algorithm. Alternatively, pump-probe X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a robust technique to extract atomic crystalline structure of compressed matter, providing insight into the kinetics of phase transformation and material response to stress. However, XRD by itself is not sufficient to extract the equation of state of the material under study. Here we report on the use of the LCLS free electron laser as a source of a high-resolution X-ray microscopy enabling the direct imaging of shock waves and phase transitions in optically opaque silicon. In this configuration, no algorithm is necessary to extract the material density and the position of the shock fronts. Simultaneously, we probed the crystalline structure via XRD of the various phases in laser compressed silicon. [1] A. Schropp et al. Sci. Rep. 3, 1633 (2013) [2] A. Schropp et al. Sci. Rep. 5, 11089 (2015) [3] B. Nagler et al. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 87, 103701 (2016) [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, July 13, 2017 12:15PM - 12:30PM |
T3.00004: The Multi-Frame X-ray Diffraction and Imaging Detector at the Dynamic Compression Sector Nicholas Sinclair, Yuxin Wang, Stefan Turneaure, Kurt Zimmerman, Yoshi Toyoda, Yogendra Gupta The Dynamic Compression Sector (DCS) at the Advanced Photon Source (APS), located at Argonne National Laboratory, enables x-ray diffraction and imaging measurements on samples during single event, dynamic compression experiments. Since bright x-ray pulses arrive from the synchrotron at a high frequency, `movies' may be captured with these x-ray measurements. However, the ideal detector system capable of these measurements is not yet commercially available and, instead, a composite optical system has been developed to achieve the required time resolution and sensitivity. In this presentation, the current x-ray diffraction and imaging detector system at DCS will be discussed. This system is capable of capturing four frames from x-ray pulses separated by 153ns –-- the pulse separation in the most common APS storage ring mode –-- and sensitive enough to capture x-ray powder diffraction patterns from a single $\sim$80ps duration pulse. Several data post-processing issues will be discussed, including the correction of phosphor after-images, determination of sample exposure times with respect to other diagnostics, and spatial distortion correction. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, July 13, 2017 12:30PM - 12:45PM |
T3.00005: Conceptual Design for Time-Resolved X-ray Diffraction in a Single Laser-Driven Compression Experiment Laura Robin Benedetti, J. H. Eggert, J. D. Kilkenny, D. K. Bradley, P. M. Bell, N. E. Palmer, J. R. Rygg, T. R. Boehly, G. W. Collins, C. Sorce Since X-ray diffraction is the most definitive method for identifying crystalline phases of a material, it is an important technique for probing high-energy-density materials during laser-driven compression experiments. We are developing a design for collecting several x-ray diffraction datasets during a single laser-driven experiment, with a goal of achieving temporal resolution better than 1ns. The design combines x-ray streak cameras, for a continuous temporal record of diffraction, with fast x-ray imagers, to collect several diffraction patterns with sufficient solid angle range and resolution to identify crystalline texture. Preliminary experiments will be conducted at the Omega laser and then implemented at the National Ignition Facility. We will describe the status of the conceptual design, highlighting tradeoffs in the design process. We will also discuss the technical issues that must be addressed in order to develop a successful experimental platform. These include: Facility-specific geometric constraints such as unconverted laser light and target alignment; EMP issues when electronic diagnostics are close to the target; X-ray source requirements; and detector capabilities. [Preview Abstract] |
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