Shock response to solid germanium

We present a study of shock response to a solid germanium using in-situ femtosecond x-ray diffraction showing anomalous elastic, normal elastic and inelastic deformations. A 3 ns 532 nm laser pulse was used to apply shock stress to a single-crystalline germanium sample along $\langle 001 \rangle$ direction. SACLA x-ray pulse (7 fs, 10 keV), diffracted from the stressed sample, was recorded by a 2D detector. We observed uniaxial deformations with the strain higher than reported Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL) and with the strain corresponding to HEL, and non-uniaxial deformation. These results indicate that a complex strain structure constituting anomalous elastic, normal elastic and inelastic deformations occur in the shocked germanium.