Creating novel patterns with localized perturbations in non-linear reaction-diffusion systems

The Gray-Scott reaction-diffusion model is renowned for its ability to generate numerous spatiotemporal patterns commonly observed in nature. These patterns include stationary pulses, traveling waves, self-replicating pulses, coarsening behavior, and transient chaos. The model has been extensively studied, with various modifications involving electric fields, Time Delayed Feedback Control (TDFC), and inherent parameter variations. In this study, we selectively applied and designed protocols using electric field effects, parameter variations, and TDFC to specific spatially localized regions of the system to generate novel patterns. By manipulating known parameter space regimes, we scaled localized perturbations to produce these unique patterns. These results highlight new routes for controlling and diversifying pattern formation in nonlinear reaction–diffusion systems.