Bulletin of the American Physical Society
2021 Fall Meeting of the APS Prairie Section
Volume 66, Number 14
Thursday–Saturday, November 11–13, 2021; Lewis University, Romeoville Illinois (Hybrid options available)
Session F02: Quantum and Condensed/Soft Matter Physics |
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Chair: Laurence Lurio, Northern Illinois University |
Saturday, November 13, 2021 2:30PM - 2:42PM |
F02.00001: Building student research project capacity, optics offers many possibilities Zach Simmons Research-grade experiments in physics often require equipment complex and expensive enough to be out of reach for small institutions. One area of research and potential student projects well-suited to make the most of modest resources is optics. Experiments can be small and applications are myriad and often interdisciplinary. Also, equipment such as cameras and light sources have benefited from consumer advances and applications, becoming ever cheaper and more powerful. This work describes a project at MSOE to build student experiment capacity in optics. The specific project is the construction of an apparatus to measure an optical phenomenon called enhanced backscattering (EBS). EBS is well-suited as an example for this work as it is a simple apparatus that does not require a scientific camera and has varied applications, from liquid characterization to cancerous tissue discrimination. EBS also provides pedagogical opportunities to connect to numerical modeling techniques like Monte-Carlo simulation. Presentation will include construction of the apparatus, discussion of data acquisition enabled by open-source program micro-manager, and some initial experimental data. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, November 13, 2021 2:42PM - 2:54PM |
F02.00002: High Throughput Nuclear Resonance Time Domain Interferometry using Annular Slits Marc Pavlik Nuclear resonance time domain interferometry (NR-TDI) is used to study the slow dynamics of liquids (that do not require M\"{o}ssbauer isotopes) at atomic and molecular length scales. We employed the TDI method of using a stationary two-line magnetized \ce{^{57}Fe} foil as a source and a stationary single-line stainless steel foil analyzer. Our new technique of adding an annular slit in front of a single silicon avalanche photodiode (APD) detector enables a wide range of momentum transfers $\qty(\num{1}\text{ to }\SI{100}{\per \nano \meter})$ with a high count rate of up to $\SI{160}{\hertz}$ with a $\Delta q$ resolution of $\SI{\pm1.7}{\per\nano \meter}$ at $q=\SI{14}{\per\nano \meter}$. The sensitivity of this method in determining relaxation times is quantified and discussed. The Kohlrausch--Williams--Watts (KWW) model was used to extract relaxation times for glycerol ranging from $2$ to $\SI{600}{\nano \second}$. These relaxation times gives insight into the dynamics of the electron density fluctuations of glycerol as a function of temperature and momentum transfers. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, November 13, 2021 2:54PM - 3:06PM |
F02.00003: Multipartite Entanglement in the Disordered Quantum Ising Model Jay Zou, István Kovács Entanglement is a distinguishing property of quantum mechanics, offering fundamentally stronger correlations than classical physics. Entanglement entropy of a single subsystem in the disordered quantum Ising model is well understood, demonstrating a non-universal “area law” and a universal logarithmic term unique at quantum phase transitions. However, entanglement of multiple subsystems in interacting quantum systems remains a challenging open problem. Entanglement negativity and mutual information are promising ways to quantify entanglement across multiple subsystems. In this project, we explore entanglement negativity and mutual information between two subsystems of length ℓ separated by distance d. Both are calculated by a numerical implementation of the asymptotically exact strong disorder renormalization group method. As an application, we identify the requirements of constant, universal, distance-independent entanglement between two subsystems. Our numerical results are further supported by analytic results, providing strict universal upper-bounds for multipartite entanglement based on gap-size statistics. Our findings reveal universal principles of how entanglement connects distant subsystems with potential implications for quantum communication. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, November 13, 2021 3:06PM - 3:18PM |
F02.00004: What does a protein network look like? A solution from network inference and the inverse Ising problem Jenny Liu Advances in protein structure determination have created increasing interest in the dynamics of folded proteins and their role in function, further increasing the importance of molecular dynamics simulations. To analyze these large datasets, proteins are often modeled as networks to take advantage of well-developed methods from network science. Protein networks are often constructed from correlative measures. Yet, in the field of network science, it has been demonstrated that solving the inverse problem is required to identify the interactions. Thus, we apply this inverse approach to the dynamics of protein dihedral angles, a system of internal coordinates that avoids the structural alignment issue in hinge-like proteins. Focusing on the adhesion protein, FimH, we show that our method identifies networks that are related to underlying physical interactions and are robust across replicates. We extend our approach to Siglec-8, an immune adhesion protein, and the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Due to the differences in the networks constructed by correlation and by solving the inverse problem, there are also downstream differences in network analysis. We apply community detection to identify flexible and rigid regions that regulate collective motion relevant to protein function. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, November 13, 2021 3:18PM - 3:30PM |
F02.00005: Electric Vehicle Emissions by State Logan Hennes Transportation is the economic sector with the highest greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the United States. Dramatic transition is needed in all vehicle markets to alternative fuels by 2035 to reach deep decarbonization in all sectors. Over 1.9 million plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) have been sold in the United States through June 2021. PEVs include both all-electric battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). Using the grid mix for each subregion provided by the EPA, we determined the emission rates from the electric grid in each state from 2010 to 2020. We also incorporated vehicle efficiency and vehicle sales by state to calculate the emissions generated per mile and the total historical emissions generated by state and nationally. [Preview Abstract] |
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