Bulletin of the American Physical Society
2019 Joint Spring Meeting of the APS New England Section and the AAPT New England Section
Volume 64, Number 6
Friday–Saturday, March 22–23, 2019; Springfield College in Springfield, Massachusetts
Session B01: Poster Session |
Hide Abstracts |
Chair: Deborah Mason-McCaffrey, Salem State University Room: Richard Flynn Union Lobby |
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B01.00001: Introducing computational software in Quantum Mechanics classes Dan Liu Quantum mechanics is widely considered to be a course with abstract theories and principles. There are limited practical examples which students can calculate analytically. With the undergraduate curriculum settings for Physics majors in most universities, students don't have enough opportunities to apply what they have learnt in class. In order to better prepare students to understand and to connect the theories to real life problems, computational software used in industry and academia can be introduced in undergraduate Quantum Mechanics classes. [Preview Abstract] |
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B01.00002: Study on the Spectrum and Frequency of the Flute Using Computational Simulations and Vibrational Analysis So Min Lee, Jack Wilinsky A sound spectrum shows the amount of sound energy in a given frequency band. It is a reduced sample representation of original frequencies of a sound in terms of decibel(dB) or Pascal. In this paper, acoustical analysis in the frequency and time domain for the flute were conducted. The spectral quality of other musical instruments were also studied to compare each other using computational and physical simulations. Through looking at the spectrum of a musical note and analyzing any of the sound spectra, it was possible to notice that they have a certain number of prominent patterns at a specific set of frequencies. This research observed that the flute shows the purest tones until a certain Hz and fuzzy tones occur after the pure tones. In the spectra, it was possible to notice that the harmonics have patterns and they are equally spaced components. Also, the power or energy of all the harmonics change over time, but the pitch stays almost constant, so the frequencies of the spectral lines does not change. The purpose of this research is to develop a plot that shows the spectra patterns of the flute and a selection of different musical instruments to compare their acoustical characteristics. [Preview Abstract] |
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B01.00003: ASAS Candidates for Misidentified SRd Variable Stars Justin Fagnoni, Kristine Larsen The All Sky Automated Survey (ASAS) is an observation project dedicated to the constant collection of photometric data across the entire sky. By default, ASAS classifies variable stars exhibiting any irregularity in their periodicity as miscellaneous. Unfortunately, there are many types of definitive variables that exhibit irregularities and are thus misidentified. A sample of approximately 1500 stars deemed miscellaneous by ASAS was initially obtained and candidates for a particular type of semi-regular variable were sought. These are SRd variables, giant and supergiant stars that pulsate as a result of an inability to assume hydrostatic equilibrium. Specifically, these variables belong to spectral classes F, G, K and have periods between 30 and 1100 days. Various parameters were used to clear the initial sample of definitive non-SRd candidates, including magnitude range, proper motion and photometric J-K value. VSTAR, an analysis software provided by the AAVSO, was then used to decompose the light curves of the remaining stars into their respective periods. Light curve and period phase plot behavior were used as a qualitative method for SRd candidate identification. From a subsample of 30 stars fitting the required parameters, 9 were found to exhibit light curve and phase plot characteristics that suggest SRd candidacy; the 6 with the most definitive behavior will be presented. A potential candidate for an eclipsing binary system was also discovered in the search for SRds. [Preview Abstract] |
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B01.00004: Observation of soft X-ray transient binary system XTE 1118$+$480 Sean Byrne One way to learn about black holes is by watching companion stars in binary systems. Soft X-ray transients (SXTs) are typical targets of this method. SXTs have episodic outburst that increase the flux by orders of magnitude for a relatively short time. When the system returns to quiescence, the luminosity is dominated by the companion star. The companion star is non-spherical due to the tides exerted by the black hole, so the observed brightness varies over an orbit, an effect referred to as ``ellipsoidal variations''. The amplitude of the ellipsoidal variations is determined by the orbital inclination, the measurement of which is the goal of this project. Our specific target is an SXT called XTE 1118$+$480. The accretion luminosity varies with time, so we want to make repeated observations of the orbital variation to separate the stellar flux from the variable accretion flux. The orbital period is only 4.1 hours so a whole orbital light curve can be created in a single night of observations. The light curves can then be analyzed, the orbital inclination obtained, and from that the mass and distance of the system can be determined. [Preview Abstract] |
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B01.00005: Modeling The Interior of A Super-Earth Candidate From Stellar Metallicities To Infer Geophysical Properties Roger Hart, Brendan Britton Exoplanet mass, radius, and eccentricity relationships are the only data that can be extracted from the exoplanets for planetary characterization. One property of exoplanets that is of current interest to the astronomical community is planetary habitability. Multiple studies have molded the interiors of exoplanets (e.g., Seager et al., 2007; Zeng & Seager, 2008; Zeng & Sasselov, 2013; Zeng et al., 2016), also studies have been completed by utilized spectral stellar metallicity to model the interiors of rocky exoplanets (Unterborn et al., 2017a; Unterborn et al., 2017b; Hinkel et al., 2018), and the modeling code, ExoPlex, generated by Lorenzo (2018). We build on these prior works by investigating HD 40307g, a super-Earth candidate around a K2.5V a K-type main sequence star (Tuomi et al., 2018). We use modeling derived from ExoPlex (Lorenzo, 2018) and equations of state (EOS) modeling in both Zeng & Seager (2008) and Zeng et al. (2018), to infer bulk interior structure and mineralogical compositions. Major mineral phases identified were silicates (Mg,Fe)Si${O_3}$) for the mantle and a Fe-rich core. We interpret the exoplanet model in the context of possible geodynamic processes to prospect the geophysical properties influencing habitability of a plausible rocky HD 40307g. [Preview Abstract] |
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B01.00006: Model of the Fast Moving of the Earth's Magnetic North Pole Based on the Pulsating Mantle Hypothesis Hassan Gholibeigian In this hypothesis, two phenomena; Inner Core Dislocation (ICD) and Outer Core Bulge (OCB) have appeared inside the Earth due to unbalanced gravitational attraction of the Sun and the Moon, and consequently the mantle is under diurnal cyclic pulsating load by it. In the other words, the inner core's center and axis (Earth's magnetic axis) do not crossed or overlapped on the Earth's center and axis (geographic axis) and distance between these two centers and axes vary permanently in magnitude and direction. These two phenomena have diurnal cycle due to daily Earth's rotation, lunar cycle due to the monthly Moon rotation, and yearly cycle due to solar circuit. The ICD{\&}OCB have generated hydro-magneto-thermo-mechanical load including high kinetic energy which produces forced convection system in the outer core and pressurizes the mantle from its bottom. As a result, the Earth's magnetic axis (inner core axis) is rotating around the Earth's geophysical axis per day while it is wobbling in a parallel situation with the Earth's axis [ H. Gholibeigian, A.A, adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMPA23A1960G]. Therefore, we can see the Earth's magnetic North Pole is moving so fast. As a new observable factor is the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration announcement on Feb. 4, 2019. [Preview Abstract] |
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B01.00007: An Overview of CLidar Studies at Mauna Loa Chris Oville, Jalal Butt, Nimmi C.P. Sharma, John E. Barnes In 2006, a novel aerosol detection program was instituted at Mauna Loa Observatory, an important atmospheric baseline station located on the big island of Hawaii. The program employs a bistatic CCD camera Lidar or CLidar which images a 20W 532nm Nd: YAG laser from a distance of 139m. The bistatic configuration allows excellent resolution close to ground level which is a key attribute that avoids the field-of-view effects of traditional monostatic Lidar instruments. Several years of nearly weekly observations have enabled multiple investigations of aerosol extent and character over the island including both long-term baseline measurements and seasonal detection of Asian dust. Owing to Mauna Loa's geography -- its mid-Pacific setting, high altitude, and relative isolation -- and due to its importance as a calibration station for atmospheric instrumentation, multi-year aerosol extinction trends -- especially in the altitudes suited to CLidar measurement -- are valuable. In this overview, these trends are detailed, and notable extinction patterns are presented. Persistent altitude-dependent features are identified and further investigated using NOAA's Hysplit back-trajectory model. [Preview Abstract] |
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B01.00008: A laser radar atmospheric studies collaboration to investigate air pollution and atmospheric characteristics in the Bahamas Jalal Butt, Chris Oville, Nimmi Sharma, Amin Kabir, John Barnes Light Detection And Ranging (Lidar) is a remote sensing technique used to measure and profile atmospheric aerosols. Atmospheric lidar systems do this by detecting laser-light scatter off aerosols, air molecules, and other atmospheric constituents, and subtracting and correcting for non-aerosol and -cloud signals. The CCD-Camera Lidar (CLidar) is a bistatic lidar system capable of high-resolution measurements near the ground -- a feature conventional monostatic lidar systems do not share due to field-of-view overlap errors that affect near-ground measurements. Developments in low-altitude remote sensing with the CLidar system allow for robust and relatively low-cost atmospheric profiling. A CLidar system was built and employed to profile atmospheric aerosols in the Bahamas. Semi-continuous atmospheric profiling with the CLidar permits short- and long-term studies of the Bahamas' atmospheric variability and higher-level aerosol structure, the future potential for which will be presented. [Preview Abstract] |
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B01.00009: Preliminary Investigations of Characteristics of Air Pollutants using a PA-II SD Dual Laser Air Sensor Reilly Ratcliffe, Marcus Alcantara-Silva, Nimmi Sharma Air pollution impacts human health and also affects results of complimentary lidar measurements used in atmospheric studies. A PA-II SD Dual Laser Air Sensor was used to measure characteristics of air pollution for different types of pollution and at different locations. Background measurements of ``unpolluted'' air at these locations were also measured for comparison. This paper presents preliminary results for the air pollution measurements and their applications to lidar studies. [Preview Abstract] |
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B01.00010: Ion-Neutral Chemistry Near Absolute Zero Benjamin Slayton, Jonathan Kwolek, Douglas Goodman, Winthrop Smith Laser techniques enable us to study cold quantum chemistry and control the electronic states of atoms and ions undergoing a chemical reaction. This level of control can be used to distinguish between individual reaction channels, and could ultimately be used to create molecular ions. We present results from an experimental study of laser-controlled charge-exchange reaction rates between cold sodium atoms (500 uK) and calcium ions (100 K) held within a hybrid atom-ion trap. We manipulate and measure reaction rates by changing the reactants' electronic states and/or collision energy. Of the channels studied, the Na[P] + Ca+[D] channel was the strongest with a rate coefficient $10^{-8} \frac{cm^3}{s}$ at an ion temperature of 200 K, which is above the classical Langevin rate limit. [Preview Abstract] |
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B01.00011: Biochemical and Thermodynamic Analysis of the Nano-scaled Molecules in the Treatment of Tumor Cell Affected by ROS Isabella Baek, Hayoung Kyung Multiple pathways through oxidative stress due to Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS) can cause cell injury and cancer. Computational biomedical simulation technology is perceived as a means of new approach to an alternative method for future solution of cancer research. In recent years, potential solutions in applications-related nano technology use nano-scaled fullerene complexes, as they are believed to be able to virtually attach large quantity of protons and can act as electron donors. In the light of the promising use of fullerene complexes, current study conducted their biochemical and thermodynamic analysis of the nano-scaled molecules. In this paper, the molecular energy of fullerenes doped with clusters such as hyrdoxyl(OH), carboxyl(COOH), and malonic acid(C-COOH) derivatives, was measured first. And then, comparisons of the BB types of derivatives such as BB7, BB8, and BB9 on C40 and C72 fullerene models were made. It was observed that C72 derivatives had much lower optimization energy levels (kJ/mol) than those of C40. The softwares Avogadro and Chemcraft are open-source molecular editing program equipped with an auto-optimization feature, which determines the theoretical values of a certain structure’s atomic properties through the Density Functional Theory (DFT). [Preview Abstract] |
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B01.00012: Synthesis and Characterization of MnO2/MWCNT nanocomposite for supercapacitor applications William Tuxbury, Rilind Abazi, Seth Gagnon, Arkid Koni, Peter LeMaire, Rahul Singhal We have synthesized MnO2 multiwall carbon nanotube composite (MnO2-CNT) for supercapacitor applications. The synthesized materials were physically characterized using X-Ray diffraction and UV-visible spectroscopy techniques. A slurry was prepared using synthesized materials, PVDF binder, and carbon black in a ratio of 80:10:10, using ethanol as solvent. The slurry was then coated onto Ni mesh and dried to get the electrodes. The electrodes were electrochemically characterized using cyclic voltammetry, charge-discharge and cycleability studies. From the cyclic voltammetry measurements, it is apparent that the electrodes remain stable at high scan rates (10 mV/s -- 300 mV/s). The charge-discharge measurements shows the specific capacitance to be 142.5 F/g, 135.75 F/g, 126.5 F/g, 119.25 F/g, 113.5 F/g and 107.82 F/g for current density of .5 A/g, 1 A/g, 2 A/g, 3 A/g, 4 A/g and 5 A/g respectively. The detailed results will be presented at the meeting. [Preview Abstract] |
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B01.00013: A new operating system for your quantum computer Jeffrey Boyd The new OS is TEW (Theory of Elementary Waves). The bad news is that the word ``superposition'' is divided by TEW into a valid half and an invalid half. The same is true of the word ``entangled.'' The good news is that only the valid halves are used in quantum computers. Thus TEW would bring our vocabulary into sharper focus by eliminating ideas that are not actually used in computing. Why and how would anyone change operating systems? There is only one possible answer: if TEW rather than QM were the operating system of Nature, as we propose. Why would this change the word ``superposition''? Waves and linear vectors in a Bloch sphere can be in a superposition, but according to TEW particles are never in a superposition (contrary to what QM says). Qubits would be ``entangled'' when a Hadamard gate is followed by a C-NOT gate. But entanglement never stretches over space faster than the speed of light. TEW shows that there is no instantaneous entanglement effect, contrary to what QM says. Now for the good news. If TEW (instead of QM) were the OS of Nature, quantum computers would lose nothing, because computers don't require particles to be in two places simultaneously, nor do they require instantaneous communication across a distance. [Preview Abstract] |
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