Bulletin of the American Physical Society
Spring 2018 Meeting of the APS New England Section
Volume 63, Number 9
Friday–Saturday, March 16–17, 2018; Boston, Massachusetts
Session B01: Poster Session |
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Room: Sargent Hall Function Room |
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B01.00001: Periodic density variations in clouds of laser-cooled atoms Timothy Roach, Patrick Connolly We present preliminary work looking at spatially periodic density variations in clouds of laser-cooled atoms. Such phenomena have been only minimally documented before and have been ascribed not to optical potentials but rather to variation in stickiness of the optical molasses, which itself results from variation in the character of the net optical field polarization. In our experiments, rubidium atoms are captured and held in a magneto-optic trap, using a fairly weak magnetic field gradient to facilitate a cloud of large size ($\sim$3mm) and moderate density. Three orthogonal pairs of nearly counter-propagating laser beams provide the laser-cooling. A camera captures images of the atomic fluorescence. We observe periodic patterns both of a fringe-like (1D) and checkerboard (2D) appearance. For 1D patterns, the observed periods vary as $\lambda/sin\theta$, where $\lambda$=780nm is the laser wavelength and $\theta$ is the mis-alignment angle of a nearly counter-propagating pair. [Preview Abstract] |
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B01.00002: A one-step method for synthesizing MnO2/GO at room temperature for supercapacitor applications Justin Fagnoni, Ian Waters, Peter K. LeMaire, Rahul Singhal We have synthesized MnO2/graphene Oxide (GO) composite at room temperature by dissolving appropriate amount of KMnO4 and 10 mg GO in a solution of deionized water (DI): ethanol (3:1), followed by continuous stirring for 1 hour. The resulting precipitate was washed with DI water several times and dried overnight to obtain MnO2/GO powder. The X-ray diffraction studies confirm the phase purity of synthesized MnO2/GO powder. Thermal characterizations of MnO2/GO powder were carried out using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The electrochemical characterizations were carried out in an aqueous solution of 1M sodium sulfate, using MnO2/GO coated onto Ni mesh as working electrode, Pt as counter electrode, and Ag/AgCl as reference electrode. The capacitance of MnO2/GO electrodes were found about 160 F/g, 140 F/g, and 115 F/g at a charge-discharge current rate of 1A/g, 500 mA/g, and 300 mA/g, respectively. The detailed results will be presented at the APS New England section's March 2018 meeting.. [Preview Abstract] |
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B01.00003: Comparison between Fast Scanning Calorimetry (FSC) and Slow Scanning Calorimetry (SSC) Techniques in SeInAg Glassy Alloy Dipti Sharma This recent research work explores difference between Fast Scanning Calorimetry (FSC) and Slow scanning calorimetry (SSC) using SeInAg glassy alloys. SeIn glassy alloys are chalcogenide glasses and show a crystallization peak while they are heated. The presence of Ag changes the shape, size and existence of the crystallization peak in SeInAg glassy alloy. But when the same alloy is heated 1st time as a fresh sample crystallization appears and when reheated again with the same rate with the same environmental conditions, it disappears. Using Fast Scanning Calorimetry (FSC), the same crystallization can reappear again while the same sample of SeInAg is reheated no matter how many times while on the same side if the same sample is reheated with Slow Scanning Calorimetry (SSC), the transition never comes back. More details of FSC and SSC are given in the presentation. Keywords: Fast scanning, slow scanning, rate, calorimetry, glassy alloys SeIn Ag glasses, crystallization. [Preview Abstract] |
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B01.00004: Thin Film Deposition/CNT Synthesis Jerome Frey Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a viable product for energy development due to its electrical conductivity property. One specific area of interest is CNTs in capacitors. Capacitors require a large number of uniformly grown CNTs. The objective of this project is to create a forest of uniformly, Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes (VACNTs). Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) is the method used in this experiment to synthesize CNTs. The first step of the experiment is creating thin film ranging from a sub-monolayer to a few monolayers thick; this is used as a substrate to grow the CNTs forest. The thin film substrate is created by means of the Thermal Evaporation Physical Vapor Deposition (TPVD) process. The nanoparticle thin film substrate is synthesized using a transition metal acts as the nucleation points for CNT growth. After the thin film substrate is synthesized, the CNTs are grown by CVD method. Analysis of the thin film substrate and CNTs is performed primarily using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Various substrate and thin film material sources will be used to determine the best catalytic surface for CNT synthesis. By growing a forest of uniformed VACNTs, further analysis of the material's characteristics can be carried out. This thesis project's focus is to explore different materials for both thin film and CNT synthesis. [Preview Abstract] |
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B01.00005: Characterization and discrimination of human breast cancer and normal breast tissues using resonance Raman spectroscopy Jason Smith, Binlin Wu, Lin Zhang, Victoria Atkin-Dahm, Xin Gao, Robert Alfano Worldwide breast cancer incidence has increased by more than twenty percent in the past decade. It is also known that in that time, mortality due to the affliction has increased by fourteen percent. Using optical-based diagnostic techniques, such as Raman spectroscopy, has been explored to increase diagnostic accuracy in a more objective way along with significantly decreasing diagnostic wait-times. In this study, Raman spectroscopy with 532-nm excitation was used to incite resonance effects to enhance Stokes scattering from unique biomolecular vibrational modes. Seventy-two Raman spectra (41 cancerous, 31 normal) were collected from nine breast tissue samples. Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) was employed to extract characteristic spectra from the processed data for characterization. The resulting cross-validation using two selective feature components resulted in discriminative sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 92.6{\%}, 100{\%} and 96.0{\%} respectively. [Preview Abstract] |
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B01.00006: Using Photometer Measurements to Investigate Seasonal Atmospheric Changes James Kulowiec, Nimmi Sharma Photometers convert incoming light of a given bandwidth into a detected voltage which can be used to derive atmospheric quantities. Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO) in Hawaii hosts a Cimel sun photometer which is part of AERONET, NASA's Aerosol Robotic Network. One quantity derived from the MLO data is the aerosol phase function. Aerosols are small particulates in the atmosphere. They scatter light unequally into all angular directions. The amount depends on the particle types, shapes, and sizes. The aerosol phase function is a function which shows the distribution of scattered light with angle. Since scattering by angle differs for different particle types, phase functions may provide insight on particulate types in the atmosphere. This study focuses on the phase functions recorded for the atmosphere over MLO, over the years 2006-2009. The phase functions differed by season. In spring, the air circulation patterns over MLO may transport dust from East Asia over Hawaii. If the effect of dust is strong, it has the potential to influence the phase function. Phase functions for classes of aerosols, including dust, polluted continental, and polluted dust, have been formed from CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations) satellite data. We conducted comparisons of MLO seasonal aerosol phase functions with the CALIPSO aerosol class phase functions to study which classes best fit the MLO data over each studied season. [Preview Abstract] |
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B01.00007: Effect of Polarized Light on Aerosol Extinction Using the CLidar at Mauna Loa Observatory Chris Oville, Jalal Butt, Nimmi Sharma, John Barnes \\ \indent Aerosol measurements at Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO) are the focus of many investigations involving climate, weather, and atmospheric physics. The CCD-chip Camera Lidar, or CLidar, is one of a group of complimentary remote sensing instruments maintained at MLO. The Bi-static orientation of the CLidar system allows excellent altitude resolution close to the ground but requires an empirically derived scattering phase function for the accommodation of angular dependence. While the method for determining the phase function relies on \emph{unpolarized} sunlight, the laser at MLO has been traditionally \emph{linearly} polarized. The objective of this study is to determine the effect that differing polarization has on extinction measurements of side scattered laser light. For several evenings, a quarter wave plate was alternatingly fitted on the MLO laser to shift between linearly and circularly polarized light (which integrated over time mimics unpolarized light). Extinction was computed and compared. [Preview Abstract] |
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B01.00008: Optical Measurements of Atmospheric Layers using Two Different Lidar Systems Jalal Butt, Chris Oville, Nimmi Sharma, John Barnes Two distinct lidar systems were used to investigate the scattering of laser light by constituents of the atmosphere. The two lidar systems differ in design; one is monostatic, with the laser transmitter and detector for scattered photons located at the same place, and the other, a CCD-Camera Lidar, is bistatic, with the detector located far from the laser. A single 532-nm laser was vertically transmitted at MLO for both lidar systems and raw signals from the laser light scatter off atmospheric constituents were detected by both systems approximately simultaneously. The monostatic system measures backscatter, the portion of the laser light that is scattered back at a 180 degree angle toward the detector. The CLidar system measures side scatter at angles which change depending on the altitude of the portion of the atmosphere being probed. The received scatter signals were converted to aerosol extinction for both lidar systems. We explored the measurements of atmospheric layers, as measured by the two lidar systems. [Preview Abstract] |
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B01.00009: Biophysical and Pharmacological Effects of Theobromine Using Computational and Thermodynamic Analysis Sungjun Bae, Seong Ho Shin, Richard Kyung Biophysical and pharmacological effects of theobromine in our bodies have not been studied in detail since it is biologically inert. Theobromine is an isomer of theophylline, which is a bitter alkaloid of the cacao plant, found in a number of foods including chocolate, leaves of the tea plant and nut. Theobromine is a heart stimulant and vasodilator, and it facilitates diuretic activity, instigating the body to naturally produce fat-burning hormones. Pharmaco-toxicological and clinical studies with Theobromine show that digestion of a substantial amount of the drug induces gene mutations in lower eukaryotes such as human as well as bacteria. In this paper, biophysical and pharmacokinetic modeling on the Theobromine and its derivatives is performed by computational and theoretical methods. This research utilizes computational programs and optimization theory that are capable of determining the physical and chemical properties of the molecules as well as the efficiencies of the fat burning abilities. Theoretical structure of each feasible molecules can be assessed to predict the efficiency of the molecule through analysis of the physical stability and thermodynamic activity. [Preview Abstract] |
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B01.00010: Problems Worthy of Our Pre-Medical and Pharmacy Majors Norma Chase As the health professions have evolved both rapidly and dramatically during the late 20$^{\mathrm{th}}$ and early 21$^{\mathrm{st}}$ centuries, so have the physics curricula in Pre-medical and Pharmacy programs. In this work, we consider the question: What do future M.D.'s, P.A.'s, and Pharm.D.'s most need to learn from their introductory physics courses? We argue against the ``survey of all of physics'' and the ``special medically-related physics topics'' formats for Pre-medical and Pharmacy majors. We argue in favor of courses which cover less, dig deeper, and guide cognitive development. Our goal is to grow a group of students who are adept (and at ease) in analyzing and developing strategies for solving complicated problems (from first physics principles). On the path toward that goal, we require that students become proficient at ``translating'' between verbal, pictorial, graphical, and symbolic mathematical representations. In addition, we guide students towards becoming versatile in executing in multi-step reasoning processes. We illustrate our path towards the goal by presenting a collection of selected problems which are assigned in Foundations of Physics I and II at MCPHS University - Boston. [Preview Abstract] |
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B01.00011: Recognizing and Engineering Routes Around the Cognitive Obstacles Encountered by Non-majors in Introductory Calculus-based Physics - Part 3 Norma Chase In Parts 1 and 2 of this work, we provided insights into routes around a host of common cognitive challenges -- ranging from difficulties with spatial visualization to struggles in dealing with abstractions. In this work, we focus on strategies for guiding students towards being willing and able to execute multi-step reasoning processes to solve complicated problems. [Preview Abstract] |
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B01.00012: Exploring Perfect State Transfer Through Quantum Random Walks Austen Couvertier, Swarnadeep Majumder The field of quantum information (QI) theory is relevant to the goal of quantum computers. A mathematical model to understand QI is a graph. In graph theory, classical problems are described by graphs known as decision trees. To study problem-solving on these graphs, we utilized random quantum walks (RQW). This graph evolution is analogous to random walks (RW), which describe the time to get from an initial node to an answer node. To move from one node to another is complex in quantum mechanics (QM). Unlike classical RWs, where the evolution ends at one node 100\% of the time, the quantum system ends in a superposition of nodes. Thus, we cannot guarantee the answer found by quantum computation is correct. To avoid quantum error, we studied graphs for the feature of perfect state transfer (PST). PST is when the time-evolution of a quantum state guarantees the system will be in one state with complete certainty. We translated graphs into a discrete QM system by using the adjacency matrix. This translates connections of nodes to a Hamiltonian of allowed transitions. We applied this to graphs that included: platonic solids, cell graphs, cycle graphs and hypercubes. Our results could prove useful to the future of QI by allowing classically hard decision trees to be solved. [Preview Abstract] |
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B01.00013: Unified Model for Quark Confinement and Cosmic Expansion due to Color andCharges with Novel Symmetries Yun Hao, Jong-Ping Hsu Based on baryon charge conservation and a generalized Yang-Mills symmetry for Abelian (and non-Abelian) groups, we discuss a new baryonic gauge field and its linear potential for two point-like baryon charges. The force between two point-like baryons is repulsive, extremely weak and independent of distance. However, for two extended baryonic systems, we have a dominant linear force $\alpha $ r. Thus, only in the later stage of the cosmic evolution, when two baryonic galaxies are separated by an extremely large distance, the new repulsive baryonic force can overcome the gravitational attractive force. Such a model provides a gauge-field-theoretic understanding of the late-time accelerated cosmic expansion. The baryonic force can be tested by measuring the accelerated Wu-Doppler frequency shifts of supernovae at different distances. [Preview Abstract] |
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B01.00014: Two symmetrical universes are compatible with Quantum Mathematics, of which QM describes the wrong one, not the one that humans inhabit. Jeffrey Boyd Even though quantum math is the most productive science ever, nevertheless, we do not live in the world described by QM. This is because of symmetry. Two systems can be so symmetrical that they share the same mathematics, but differ in other respects. QM describes the wrong universe, not the one we inhabit. A rogue theory, Elementary Wave (EW) theory opens the window to the other universe that uses quantum math. There is a tradeoff. If you start with the reasonable assumptions of QM you end up with a bizarre universe that Feynman says no one understands. If you start with bizarre assumptions (like particles follow zero energy waves backwards), you end up with a sensible universe, indistinguishable from the universe we live in. The fulcrum of symmetry is the direction of waves versus particles. In other respects these two universes are not symmetrical. For example only one of the two can exist, because they contradict each other. This is a paradigm shift, and like other paradigm shifts it requires starting assumptions that sound like gibberish vis-\`{a}-vis the old paradigm. Abandoning orthodox QM and becoming open to a new idea is heresy. [Preview Abstract] |
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B01.00015: Effect of the Jupiter's Gravitational Waves on the Shape of the Heliosphere Based on the ``Solar Cycle Hypothesis'' Hassan Gholibeigian, Kazem Gholibeigian Based on the solar cycle hypothesis [Kazem and Hassan Gholibeigian, EGU. 2016], the Jupiter with its 11,856 years orbit period can be the main cause of the 11-year solar cycles. When it is approaching to the Sun and getting away, gravitational field in perihelion becomes 2.71 times more. During this time which takes 2-3 years, and Earth passes 2-3 times through it, this dynamic system becomes more active inside the Sun, Jupiter and Earth. When they are in a line, the gravitational field in perihelion becomes more and the peak of solar cycles occurs. Therefore, the plasma density in heliosphere becomes maximum and pushes heliosphere and increases its volume. Interaction of this variable internal pressure and interstellar medium through which it is travelling, will controls the shape of the heliosphere. As an observable factor can be as follows: On September 12, 2013,~NASA~announced that~Voyager 1~left the heliosphere on August 25, 2012 (in peak of the solar cycle 24), when it measured a sudden increase in plasma density of about forty times.~Because the heliopause marks~one boundary~between the Sun's solar wind and the rest of the galaxy, a spacecraft such as Voyager 1 which has departed the heliosphere, can be said to have reached~interstellar space. [Preview Abstract] |
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B01.00016: Continuous {\&} Discrete Dichotomy of Space-Time Widastra Hidajatullah,SSi In lectures from HE. Mr. Prof. SriJatnoWirjosudirdjo those were Sintesa I/II -1984 in Prodi of Physics ITB through i.e \textit{``sinyal waktu kontinyu'' }n coincidences to Fractal Signal from Wornell and devoe t HerMajesties Mvr Hj Dr-HC DYAH MEGAWATI SOEKARNOPUTRI depict in \underline {https://www.youtube.com/watch?v}$=$\underline {q4SSe6TMeKo} reminds by Dr. DERRY PANTJADARMA/2018 ``\textbf{Allah Hanya Sedang Rindu''. }Dichotomy arises from ``discrete-time scattering process'' describe by Borgonovi {\&} Guarneri, \underline {PhysRev B,}, v 52 n 5, Aug 1, 1995 as well as ``nondifferentiable continuous space-time sought in Nottale: \textbf{Scale Relativity {\&} Fractal Space-Time: Theory {\&} Applications'' }2009.. Overwhelms ``Astranomics'' 2015/17 proposed herewith ``\textit{superuniversatility'' }from Newhouse {\&} Kopelman inspired by DANIEL DHAKIDAE,ScD May 11, 1976 Cornell University announced to Dr. A. KUSDARMINTA {\&} Prof. DALI SANTUN NAGA. [Preview Abstract] |
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