Initiation of Nuclear Reactions by Laser-Induced Ablation of Nanoparticles*

The growing need for sustainable and efficient energy has renewed interest in advanced nuclear systems. While conventional reactors rely on fissionable materials, and fusion confinement in tokamaks and stellarators remains commercially challenging, laser-based methods offer an alternative route for inducing nuclear reactions. In this work, we explore the interaction of high-intensity laser pulses with nanoparticles as a means to initiate fission and fusion processes at the nanoscale. Laser ablation of heavy isotopic nanoparticles may lead to localized energy densities sufficient for fission, while laser-induced ionization and local surface plasmon (LSP) excitations may support transient confinement conditions favorable for fusion in nanoparticles. This laser-driven approach could offer advantages in system compactness, control, and safety compared to large-scale magnetic confinement. By examining the mechanisms underlying plasmonic field enhancement and particle confinement, this study aims to advance understanding of laser–matter coupling relevant to potential fusion and fission energy applications. Through developing and building onto this scientific literature, we pursue uses of this technology as a reliable and efficient solutions in its applications for large scale purposes, but also for small scale daily applications.