Bulletin of the American Physical Society
2017 Fall Meeting of the APS New England Section
Volume 62, Number 15
Friday–Saturday, October 20–21, 2017; Kingston, Rhode Island
Session E3: Energy and Biological Physics |
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Saturday, October 21, 2017 8:30AM - 8:45AM |
E3.00001: Nanophysics for improving industrial oil extraction Nancy Burnham, Shannon Eichmann Oil powers modern economies. Yet only 30{\%} of oil is recovered from a typical reservoir. The reservoirs of Saudi Arabia provide over 10{\%} of the world's oil. They are highly saline, with concentrations of up to 120,000 ppm total dissolved solids (TDS), and the oil and brine is dispersed within small fissures in carbonate rock. These conditions are challenging for the unhindered diffusion of the nanoparticle tracers that could be used to map an oil field from one well to the next. In this study, bare and carboxyl-terminated atomic-force microscope tips and calcite surfaces acted as surrogates for nanoparticle tracers and carbonate rocks, respectively. They were immersed in three fluids: brine (120K ppm TDS), seawater (60K ppm TDS), and calcium-doped seawater (\textasciitilde 60K ppm TDS). Surprisingly, the amount of TDS was not a good predictor of the tip-sample adhesion. Rather, adding calcium to seawater brought the adhesion down to the levels of brine. The addition of calcium to seawater should mitigate nanoparticle-rock adhesion and allow more efficient diffusion of nanoparticle tracers through a reservoir, which could help ensure a stable supply of an essential global resource. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, October 21, 2017 8:45AM - 9:00AM |
E3.00002: Novel borate additives for lithium-ion battery cathode passivation investigated with hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Stephanie Rivard, Benjamin Young, David Heskett, Yingnan Dong, Yongfeng Hu, Brett Lucht Cathodes presently used in industry-standard graphite-based Li-ion batteries will limit capacity improvements made on the anode side due to electrochemical limitations. The high voltage spinel cathode, LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, may permit a higher 4.7 V operating potential and represents a significant step in the journey to developing higher capacity rechargeable batteries. Successful employment of the high voltage cathode will require attention paid to formation of the cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI), a passivation layer that grows on the electrode surface to prevent decomposition of the electrolyte material. Herein we present an investigation of three novel borate additives to the standard electrolyte (ethylene carbonate/ethyl methyl carbonate solvent with LiPF6~salt) using Hard X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (HAXPES). Electrochemical cycling data reveal that the standard electrolyte is significantly outperformed by batteries with these additives at elevated temperature. The HAXPES data suggest that this may be due, in part, to the thickness of the CEI layer developed on each cathode, which we have approximated for each battery. Furthermore, we see evidence of additive decomposition on the better-performing batteries, which likely leads to more effective electrode passivation. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, October 21, 2017 9:00AM - 9:15AM |
E3.00003: Sucralose Interaction with Protein Structures. Nimesh Shukla, Enrico Pomarico, Majed Chergui, J.S. Cody, Erika Taylor, Christina Othon Sucralose is an artificial sweetener that appears to destabilize protein native structures in contrast to its natural counterpart, sucrose, which enhances the stability of biomolecules against environmental stress. We explored the molecular interactions of sucralose as compared to sucrose to illuminate the origin of the differences in their bio-preservative efficacy. We show that the mode of interactions of sucralose and sucrose in bulk solution differ subtly using hydration dynamics measurement and computational simulation. At high concentrations (\textgreater 0.2M) or in the thermally stressed state, sucralose appears to differ in its interactions with proteins leading to the reduction of native state stability. We explored the difference in the preferential exclusion model using time-resolved spectroscopic techniques and observed that both molecules appear to be effective reducers of bulk hydration dynamics. However, the chlorination of sucralose appears to slightly enhance its hydrophobicity, which reduces the preferential exclusion of sucralose from the protein-water interface. We propose this as a possible origin for the difference in their bio-preservative properties. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, October 21, 2017 9:15AM - 9:30AM |
E3.00004: Gene expression as a bio indicator for the radiation exposure in Drosophila Melanogaster Samana Shrestha, Adam Vanasse, Leon N Cooper, Michael P Antosh This work reports a set of genes which could serve as a biomarker in irradiated Drosophila Melanogaster (fruit flies) on the basis of gene expression analysis. These radiation responsive panel of genes have human homologs and could potentially be used in the radiation dosimetry for human exposure to radiation. Gene expression analysis was done on the data obtained from an RNA sequencing gene expression experiment on 15222 genes of drosophila melanogaster at days 2, 10, 20 post irradiation. The fruit flies were exposed to x-rays of 10, 1000, 5000, 10000, 20000 roentgens. The analysis of these data showed that 6 genes behaved in a predictable way than the control. These genes have human homologs and showed a linear response at all time points post irradiation with dose. One of them, Irbp was a novel gene. This gene is a DNA repair gene and has a human homolog (XRCC6). Ignoring the lowest dose of 10R, a set of 13 genes of which 4 having human homologs and 8 having the known functions showed a linear response with dose at all the time points. 5 of 6 genes with all radiation doses included are found in this set of 13 genes. This suggests that these genes with human homologs could be used for the biodosimetry application to determine the radiation health risks. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, October 21, 2017 9:30AM - 9:45AM |
E3.00005: Global warming impact on low frequency sound transmission in the ocean - Jurassic acoustics here we come. David Browning, Peter Herstein, Peter Scheifele Amazingly, 2.4 MILLION pounds of carbon dioxide are ejected into the atmosphere every SECOND, about a quarter of which is absorbed into the oceans of the world. This results in ocean acidification, which negatively impacts the boron chemical reaction principally responsible for low frequency sound absorption in seawater, hence low frequency sound transmission improves. Already there is a measurable decrease in ocean surface pH and if this continues and migrates throughout the water column it is projected that the sound transmission will eventually become similar to that in the high CO2 Jurassic Age of the distant past. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, October 21, 2017 9:45AM - 10:00AM |
E3.00006: Thermviscous analysis of open photoacoustic cells Madhusoodanan Mannoor, Sangmo Kang Open photoacoustic cells, apart from the conventional spectroscopic applications, are increasingly useful in bio medical applications such as in vivo blood sugar measurement. Maximising the acoustic pressure amplitude and the quality factor are major design considerations associated with open cells.Conventionaly, resonant photoacoustic cells are analyzed by either transmission line analogy or Eigen mode expansion method. In this study, we conducted a more comprehensive thermo viscous analysis of open photoacoustic cells. A Helmholtz cell and a T-shaped cell, which are acoustically different, are considered for analysis. Effect of geometrical dimensions on the acoustic pressure, quality factor and the intrusion of noise are analyzed and compared between these cells. Specific attention is given to the sizing of the opening and fixtures on it to minimize the radiatinal losses and the intrusion of noise. Our results are useful for proper selection of the type of open photoacoustic cells for in vivo blood sugar measurement and the optimization of geometric variables of such cells. [Preview Abstract] |
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