Bulletin of the American Physical Society
2016 Fall Meeting of the APS New England Section
Volume 61, Number 11
Friday–Saturday, October 28–29, 2016; North Adams, Massachusetts
Session E2: Parallel Session B |
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Chair: Kebra Ward, MCLA Room: Murdock Hall 216 |
Saturday, October 29, 2016 9:00AM - 9:15AM |
E2.00001: Investigation of Losses in Four-Wave Mixing Squeezed Light Experiments Ashay Patel, Kevin Jones, Paul Lett Squeezed states are nonclassical states of light with noise in either their intensity or phase below the coherent state standard quantum limit. The noise properties of squeezed states can be used to improve the sensitivity of interferometers like LIGO. Furthermore, squeezed states are testbeds to study basic questions information. Our group produces intensity-difference squeezed, entangled twin beams through four-wave mixing in hot rubidium vapor. Since losses in this system leads to the introduction of random vacuum fluctuations that reduce the measured squeezing, our experiments are sensitive to minor losses. This project is an investigation of losses in the four-wave mixing setup in order to eliminate them and optimize the measured squeezing. I devised an improved, easily implemented scheme to heat the rubidium vapor cell to prevent metallic rubidium plating out onto the cell windows, causing loss. Furthermore, I designed, built, and ran preliminary tests on a low noise, balanced photodetector for use in the squeezed light experiments. The group tested potentially higher quantum efficiency photodiodes, which show promise to improve the measured squeezing in the four-wave mixing experiments. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, October 29, 2016 9:15AM - 9:30AM |
E2.00002: Evolution of Asteroid Orbits in a Restricted Three-Body Problem Simulation David W. Kraft We study the evolution of asteroid orbits in a restricted three-body problem formulation consisting of the Sun, the planet Jupiter and an unspecified asteroid of negligible mass. It was discovered by Kirkwood [1] that the distribution of asteroid orbits contains gaps for orbits whose period is commensurate with that of Jupiter. Detailed computations in three-dimensional, many-body formulations found that test bodies initially placed in a forbidden orbit did not develop large eccentricities or leave the gap even after the passage of $10^5$ years [2]. In the present two-dimensional simulation, an extension of earlier work [3], we perform numerical integrations of the coupled equations of motion for Jupiter and the asteroid. Under assumptions of a stationary Sun and a circular orbit for Jupiter, we find that test bodies initially placed in a forbidden orbit can develop a large eccentricity after relatively few orbits.\\ \\1. Daniel Kirkwood, Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science for 1866, pp. 8-14 (1866).\newline 2. See, for example, J. Wisdom, Astronomical Journal, 87, 577 (1982). \newline 3. David W. Kraft, Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 33, 64 (1988). [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, October 29, 2016 9:30AM - 9:45AM |
E2.00003: Gaussian Approach to Analyze Glass Transition Peak of a Silver Doped SeIn Glassy Alloy Dipti Sharma, John MacDonald, Rajendra Shukla, Ashok Kumar This study explores the Gaussian approach to analyze glass transition peak appeared in silver doped SeIn amorphous glassy alloy. The alloy Se$_{90}$In$_{8}$Ag$_{2}$ was heated at different heating rates from 10 $^{o}$C/min to 25 $^{o}$C/min using calorimetric technique and observed an endothermic peak for the glass transition (Tg). The shape, size, position and behavior of the peak change as the heating rate changes. A detailed peak analysis is performed following Gaussian model for this transition to show the significance of the shape and size of the transition. The alloy absorbs more thermal energy when heating rate increases, and shows an increase in enthalpy, decrease in entropy and the presence of a positive Gibbs free energy. This indicates the glass transition is nonspontaneous transition and needs more thermal energy to go through the transition during heating. The SeInAg has short ranged ring chain molecular structure. As it is heated, this molecular arrangement gets flexible and goes to the rubbery state at Tg. The mobility of the molecular arrangement increases with temperature increase and Tg shifts towards higher temperature as heating rate increases following Gaussian behavior. \textbf{Keywords:} Chalcogenide glassy alloy, enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs free energy, Gaussian behavior, glass transition, heat energy, temperature, amorphous state, rubbery state. [Preview Abstract] |
Saturday, October 29, 2016 9:45AM - 10:00AM |
E2.00004: Thermal analysis of popular low calorie sweeteners Peter Lemaire Non-sugar sweeteners have been touted as a low-calorie, low-glycemic index substitute for sugar. Several low calorie sweeteners are now used ubiquitously in deserts and baking. In this project, we studied the thermal stability of common low calorie sweeteners Splenda$^{\mathrm{TM}}$, Sweet n Low, Truvia, Stevia, Equal$^{\mathrm{TM}}$ (or Nutrasweet$^{\mathrm{TM}})$ and others, using Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA). The thermal transitions of these sweeteners and their use in high temperature cooking and baking will be discussed. [Preview Abstract] |
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