Bulletin of the American Physical Society
Fall 2014 Meeting of the APS New England Section
Volume 59, Number 17
Friday–Saturday, November 7–8, 2014; Boston, Massachusetts
Session F1: Poster Session (5:30 pm - 6:30 pm) |
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Room: Auditorium |
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F1.00001: Biophysical Image Processing of the Mandible Bone Soo Hyung Lee, Seo Hyun Park, Jae June Lee The mandible is~the largest, strongest and lowest bone in the face, forming the lower~jaw~and holding the lower~teeth~in place.~Also it is one of the most commonly fractured facial bones. Early detection of such fractures is important since early reduction helps improving outcomes. CT scanning or MRI inspection is often required to identify intact bone before surgery. The purpose of the present research is to~assess the diagnostic~ability~of magnetic resonance imaging for mandibular~fracture and~osteomyelitis.~In this paper, through comparison with conventional techniques, different proposed filters were applied on the full K-space in order to find a most efficient filter, which can be used to produce best MRI image of the affected area.~These findings~can~establish practical MRI diagnostic criteria in relation to treatment and clinical outcome. [Preview Abstract] |
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F1.00002: Cold ion-neutral hybrid trap Douglas Goodman, James Wells, Jonathan Kwolek, Francesco Narducci, Winthrop Smith Ultracold atomic physics is the study of matter at temperatures near absolute zero. Many new and exciting technologies such as atomic clocks and quantum computers are rooted in cold atomic and molecular research. Over the past decade there has been growing interest in studying simultaneously trapped and cooled atomic ions, molecular ions, and neutral atoms. A hybrid ion-neutral trap (pioneered at the University of Connecticut) uniquely combines two normally separate apparatuses. Our hybrid trap is made of a cold alkali magneto-optical trap (MOT) inside an ion Paul trap. The hybrid apparatus is ideal for studying ion-neutral collisions within the cold regime. We study neutral alkali atom collisions with atomic or molecular ions, because the large polarizability of the neutral alkali means that the collision cross sections are a million times larger than neutral-neutral cross sections. We will present some of our completed and proposed experiments, which include a general method for sympathetically cooling ions, and measurements of elastic and charge-exchange collision rates. Both experiments explore the controllability and manipulation of ion-neutral reactions. We will also report on our progress toward a model-independent determination of the MOT's excited state population. [Preview Abstract] |
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F1.00003: Recognizing and Engineering Routes Around the Cognitive Obstacles Encountered by Non-majors in Introductory Physics Courses Norma Chase How do we ensure that our introductory physics courses provide the kind of background in physics which is most critically important for students preparing for careers in medicine? How do we also avoid terrorizing and demoralizing less experienced non-majors, whose votes will (incidentally) impact crucial funding for Physics Research and Education? The author discusses methods for recognizing and engineering routes around some of the many cognitive obstacles encountered by non-majors, and closes by suggesting a concomitant redesign of the ``standard'' curriculum for non-majors. [Preview Abstract] |
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F1.00004: Possible solutions to the ``Time Response'' and ``Backlight bleed'' drawbacks of liquid crystal displays (LCDs) Dipti Sharma This research explores the results of nematic (N) to isotropic (I) phase transition of bulk octylcyanobiphenyl (8CB) liquid crystal under the effect of magnetic field. The aligned 8CB molecules show a quicker and early occurrence of N-I transition with less deviation from thermal rates than the unaligned 8CB molecules using calorimetry technique. Smaller enthalpy of activation indicates less energy requirement and makes the aligned octylcyanobiphenyl suitable for LCDs. The results are discussed in terms of the formation of aligned domains of octylcyanobiphenyl molecules under the force of magnetic field. The results reveal a reduced time and temperature lag which may bring the possible solutions to the time response and backlight bleed drawbacks of liquid crystal displays (LCDs). [Preview Abstract] |
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F1.00005: Construction and Investigation of Optical Tweezers Haohao Wu, Ryan Clair, John Collins We have constructed a single-beam optical tweezers for our Experimental Physics course. The design is meant to be safely handled by undergraduates, and is a modified version of a design suggested by Beochhofer and Wilson (Am. J. Phys., 70 (4) 2002 393-400). We will present the components of the system as well as an analytic geometrical model for estimating the force exerted by the laser beam on the one micron-sized silicon dioxide particles captured by the beam. Other interesting features of the tweezers will also be presented, including (1) the ability to capture many particles, and (2) the conversion of the microscope component of the system into a fluorescence microscope. [Preview Abstract] |
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F1.00006: Optical Effects in Simultaneously Transmitting Laser Radar Systems S. Jake Atkins, Nimmi Sharma Laser Radar is a valuable tool for studying Earth's atmosphere. Much research is done using monostatic systems, such as the Micro-Pulse Lidar (MPL) System, where the laser source and the detector of the laser light scattered by air molecules and atmospheric particulates are at the same location. The CCD Camera Lidar System (CLidar) is a bistatic arrangement in which the detector is separated from the laser, yielding enhanced altitude resolution near the ground. Central Connecticut State University possesses both a MPL and a CLidar system. To use both systems simultaneously, it must be determined if there is any optical overlap in the measurements. The MPL system uses a 527 nm laser while the CLidar system uses a 532 nm laser. The MPL's narrow band filtration excludes the CLidar laser wavelength from the MPL data, however the CLidar's wide angle optical collection system does not permit a narrow band interference filter. Thus, when both systems run together, light scattered from the MPL laser may potentially be collected in the CLidar data. To investigate this possibility, a three minute exposure on the CLidar's CCD detector is taken with both lasers transmitting, after which the shutter is closed on the MPL laser and another three minute exposure is taken with just the CLidar laser beam in view. This is repeated for five additional trials, and then a statistical analysis is performed on the results. [Preview Abstract] |
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F1.00007: Using the Beowulf Cluster to Analyze Wavefronts near Kerr Black Holes Tim Waite, Thomas Kling The topic of my research project is wavefront singularities of light surfaces near Kerr (rotating) black holes. Studying these light surfaces will be done with the creation of parallel processing code intended to interface with our computer cluster. This code will make use of twenty CPU cores working in unison to calculate the positions of light surfaces as they approach our Kerr black hole. Mapping the path these light surfaces take as they approach will further our knowledge of similar physical systems, such as the central region of the Milky Way. One expected use of this project's results would be related to Sagittarius A*, the black hole at the center of our galaxy. NASA's proposed X-Ray Interferometry Telescope, MAXIM, would allow us to see many of our galaxy's distant features, one of them being the accretion disk surrounding Sag A*. These features of spacetime visible to us through MAXIM would be the same as the physics shown in this project. After successful calculation and computation, data from the project could be used to show what features NASA could observe around Sag A* if this telescope were to be built. This project comes in two parts: solving the differential equations that define how light moves in our spacetime, and then coding these equations to trace light surfaces across 20 CPU cores simultaneously. [Preview Abstract] |
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F1.00008: Construction of a Laser Frequency Stabilization System for a Magneto Optical Trap Talia Martin, Edward Deveney We detail the construction of a laser frequency-stabilization system for our 780 nm tunable external cavity diode laser (ECDL) based on a Yale design [J. Barry Thesis, Yale Univ.]. The ECDL is to be used for Bridgewater's (BSU) Rb Magneto Optical Trap (MOT). The ECDL has a frequency linewidth of \textless 1 MHz ideal for selecting a trapping frequency within the \textless 10 MHz line width typical of Rb. ECDL frequency can drift, however, by tens of MHz or more /hr with loss of trapping and a drift off of the atomic transition altogether. We incorporate the Yale feedback system (reported to stabilize for as long as 12 hrs) to stabilize our ECDL: Here, the ECDL is combined in a scanning Fabry Perot interferometer (FPI) with a drift stabilized ($+$/-2 MHz over 8 hours) HeNe laser. FPI output is adjusted to show the HeNe peaks separated by the Free Spectral Range (FSR) of the FPI (1.5 GHz) and the ECDL peak. A DAQ and custom Yale software use the FPI output and FSR to calibrate the frequency scale. The 1$^{\mathrm{st}}$ HeNe peak serves as a frequency reference from which the drift of the ECDL can be monitored. A correction signal is then generated and fed back to the DC offset of the ECDL to bring the frequency back and stabilize The BSU stabilization system has been completed up to and including the generation of the feedback error signals and we hope to measure our stabilization time in near future. [Preview Abstract] |
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F1.00009: Quantum Scattering Using the Finite Element Method Sean McAlinden, Evan Farrell, Janine Shertzer The finite element method (FEM) is a numerical algorithm for solving second order partial differential equations. Our research involved using the FEM to solve the Schrodinger equation for quantum mechanical systems, including both bound states and scattering states. We first considered a beam of particles scattered by a rectangular potential barrier. We calculated the wave function, as well as the transmission and reflection coefficients as functions of the particle energy and barrier height. This problem is an important test case because it is one of the few scattering problems that can be solved exactly. In this poster, we compare our results to the exact solution. The advantage of the FEM is that one can obtain accurate numerical solutions for more complicated potentials, which cannot be solved analytically. We are currently extending this analysis to calculate the diffraction pattern for electrons passing through a single slit using a two-dimensional version of the FEM. [Preview Abstract] |
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F1.00010: Inverse Photoacoustice Pyrometer Xiangling Meng, Gerald Diebold A~pyrometer~is a type of non-contacting thermometer which intercepts and measures thermal radiation. When an infrared active gas is periodically exposed to a body at low temperature, the emission of radiation from the gas causes an acoustic signal to be generated. This phenomenon, known as the ``inverse'' photoacoustic effect, can be explained by consideration of a gas of harmonic oscillators in an enclosure where the blackbody energy density is perturbed. Here, we describe a pyrometer based on inverse photoatoustic effect. [Preview Abstract] |
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F1.00011: The Structure of Neutron Stars may be a Quasi Crystal of a New form of Matter Richard Kriske Recently large projectiles of Neutron Star material have been seen to be ejected at Relativistic Velocities of about .3 the Speed of Light. This author has previously postulated that the large quantities maintain a Crystal structure that is a contradiction of the ``Magic Number'' hypothesis of the Nuclei. The Contradiction comes from the Graviton itself. When large numbers of Neutrons compact, the Graviton forces them into Quasi Crystals. In the Quasi Crystals, quarks are probably shared between the Neutrons, since there is a probability that any given Quark could be found in one of several Neutrons. This sharing is similar to the sharing of Electrons in Covalent bonds, but instead of the Pauli Principle, the Color Neutral Principle holds the Quantum binding. When the Neutron star is upset the Binding Energy ( called ``Richard's Energy'') is compromised and an extreme amount of Kinetic Energy is released and large quantities of the Star is Ejected. The current theory has this source of this Kinetic Energy being Nuclear Fusion from the free Hydrogen at the surface. The material ejected probably maintain their structure and form Dark Matter, which is Super Heavy Hydrogen. This Dark Matter, due to ``Richard's Energy'' is a new form of matter. This Matter, shows up as Water. [Preview Abstract] |
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F1.00012: Quark model with Fractional electric charge is Wrong Ahmad Reza Estakhr Up-Type Quarks are electrically uncharged (0). only Down-type Quarks are electrically charged and have integer electric charge of plus or minus one (+1,-1) $D^{\pm}\to U^0+W^ {\pm}$ . For example Neutron beta decay: $n^0_{(D^+D^-U^0)}\to p^+_{(D^ +U^0U^0)}+W^-$ (only delta baryon is not consisted with my model of quarks with integer electric charge. perhaps quark content of delta baryon is wrong!.) [Preview Abstract] |
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