Session E2: Contributed Papers - APS II

Electron and Proton Waves in the Hydrogen Ground State

The electron orbital circumference is equal to its deBroglie wavelength if the relative velocity between the electron and the proton replaces the velocity of the electron in its deBroglie formula. The proton orbital circumference is equal to its deBroglie wavelength if the relative velocity between the electron and the proton replaces the velocity of the proton in its deBroglie formula. There are the same number of electron Compton wavelengths in the electron orbit as there are proton Compton wavelengths in the proton orbit.   

Gauge Games in a Unified Field Theory

Gauge symmetry is enforced in the Maxwell action written with quaternions by a subtraction. The action is rewritten using hypercomplex multiplication rules and the same method to ensure gauge symmetry. The hypercomplex field equations contain Newton's law of gravity, a time dependent term, and an Ampere-like equation. Gauge symmetry for light and gravity can be broken by not doing the subtraction. Yet Maxwell and the hypercomplex field strengths can be combined to form a gauge-invariant unified action. Neither the Higgs mechanism or general relativity are needed.   

An Educational Look at an Alternative to the Simple Big Bang Model

The author often toys with a Positively Curved surface resembling a globe as an alternative to the simple Big Bang model on a flat surface. When one looks at the Horizon of the earth, say at the ocean, masts in the distance tip away from the observer. If three dimensions of space where curved with a perpendicular mast at each vertex, those time masts would tip away from the observer and be cut-off. A new optical effect would be observed, in which vertices in the distance, say pair annihilation, would result in gamma rays appearing to be redshifted, since by parallel displacement, their time axis would progressively tilt away from the observer and give them a red shift until they reached a distance were they where non- magnifiable. Just as the Earth's Horizon is a non-magnifiable line (since the objects are tilted over and cut-off), so should be the Universe's Horizon be tilted and cut-off (but like a Black-Hole, the Horizon will be an area). The tilt and cut-off can be used to calculate the size and mass of the Universe,given that the cutoff is taken to be 2.725K, the CMBR. This model turns out to be a model of constants and gives absolute meaning to spin. Since this is a brand new theory developed solely by the author at his coffee breaks, looking out the window, he presents it as an exercise.   

Misunderstood Universe

Two errors in the model of the universe result in Dark Matter and Dark Energy. Error one is belief in Newton's law of gravity as a universal law. For motion of groups of galaxies, and rotation of spiral galaxies, the law fails. My simple Theory of Additional Gravity (TAG), an extension of Newton's original law of gravity, fits the cosmic distance observations and in our solar system. My model adds a linear term to Newton's gravitational constant, based upon an equation for forces in spiral galaxies. This theory is different from the MOND theory of Milgrom, which is related to acceleration. We explain tired light. Error two is for Hubble's law, for red shifts as a linear function of distance, and due to the Doppler effect. The galaxies are not receding, the universe is not expanding, and there is no big bang proof. Velocities actually were not directly observed. The age of the universe is wrong. The red shift cannot be used for distance determination because extrapolation of the linear dependence to very large distances would require an unlikely zero and negative photon energy. The difference between the distances of remote galaxies and from red shifts suggested accelerating expansion and the need for Dark energy.   

Discovery of the Grand Unified Theory

I have discovered the Grand Unified Theory. Einstein and others missed it because of a major error that crept into physics 400 years ago. This error is the heliocentric universe proposed by Copernicus. My Grand Unified Theory is based on the true nature of our universe, the geocentric model.   

Unified Gravitation Theory

Gravitation is caused when space filling repulsive gravitons with identical electric charge, traveling in opposing directions, interfere with each other destructively and cause a graviton pressure imbalance. This imbalance creates a net attractive force between all masses. The Unified Gravitation Theory is derived from my 2006 Plant Electromagnetic Energy Growth Theory which concluded that gravitons were repulsive to themselves, and my 2007 Snowflake Growth Theory which concluded that gravitons were reflective as well as repulsive to themselves. This presentation begins with the Plant and Snowflake Theories presentation. Also, introduces new theories on Lightning, Tornadoes, Gravitons, Universe Expansion, Speed of Light, and Speed of Gravity.   

Black hole candidates are not black holes, but engines for transforming old star matter to primordial matter

Plasma redshift is derived theoretically from conventional axioms of physics by using more accurate methods than those conventionally used; see: arXiv:astro-ph/0401420. It explains the solar redshifts, the intrinsic redshifts of stars, galaxies, and quasars. It explains the cosmological redshift, the cosmic microwave background, the X-ray back ground. It explains the magnitude-redshift relation for SNe Ia, and the surface brightness-redshift relation for galaxies as measured by Sandage and Lubin. The Universe is quasi-static, and can renew itself forever. There is no need for Big Bang, Inflation, Cosmic Time Dilation, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, and Black Holes. Redshifts of solar Fraunhofer lines (when evaluated in light of plasma redshift) show clearly that photons are weightless. thus contradicting the general believe that photons have weight; see: arXiv:astro-ph/0408312. This presentation helps explain why the super-massive black hole candidate (SMBHC) at the Galactic center is an engine for converting old star matter to primordial matter, and why we have star forming region around the SMBHCs.