Bulletin of the American Physical Society
Mid-Atlantic Section 2022 Meeting
Volume 67, Number 20
Friday–Sunday, December 2–4, 2022; University Park, PA, Pennsylvania State University
Session E03: Gravitational Physics and Cosmology II |
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Chair: Mauricio Gamonal, Pennsylvania State University Room: Pennsylvania State University Osmond 105 |
Saturday, December 3, 2022 2:00PM - 2:12PM |
E03.00001: Observability of Lensing of Gravitational Waves from Massive Black Hole Binaries with LISA Mesut Çaliskan, Lingyuan Ji, Roberto Cotesta, Emanuele Berti, Marc P Kamionkowski, Sylvain Marsat Gravitational waves emitted by massive black hole binaries in the LISA band can be lensed. Wave-optics effects in the lensed signal are crucial when the Schwarzschild radius of the lens is smaller than the wavelength of the radiation. These frequency-dependent effects can enable us to infer the lens parameters, possibly with a single detection alone. In this work, we assess the observability of wave-optics effects with LISA by performing an information-matrix analysis using analytical solutions for both point-mass and singular isothermal sphere lenses. We use gravitational-waveform models that include the merger, ringdown, higher harmonics, and aligned spins to study how waveform models and source parameters affect the measurement errors in the lens parameters. We find that previous work underestimated the observability of wave-optics effects and that LISA can detect lensed signals with higher impact parameters and lower lens masses. |
Saturday, December 3, 2022 2:12PM - 2:24PM |
E03.00002: Gray Sirens to Resolve the Hubble-Lemaître Tension Ish M Gupta The measurement of the Hubble-Lemaître constant H0 from the cosmic microwave background and the Type IA supernovae are at odds with each other. One way to resolve this tension is to use an independent way to measure H0. This can be accomplished by using gravitational wave (GW) observations. Previous works have shown that with the onset of next-generation of GW detector networks, it will be possible to constrain H0 better than 2\% (which is enough to resolve the tension) with binary black hole systems, also called dark sirens. Bright sirens like binary neutron star systems can also help resolve the tension if both the GW and the following electromagnetic counterpart are detected. In this work, we assess the potential of using neutron star-black hole (NSBH) mergers to measure the Hubble-Lemaître constant, both as dark sirens as well as bright sirens, thus, assigning them the term- gray sirens. We find that the Voyager network might be able to resolve the tension using NSBH mergers in an observation span of 5 years, whereas next-generation networks which include the Cosmic Explorer detectors and the Einstein Telescope will be able to measure the H0 to sub-percent level. |
Saturday, December 3, 2022 2:24PM - 2:36PM |
E03.00003: Rapster: a fast code for dynamical formation of black-hole binaries in dense star clusters Konstantinos Kritos, Vladimir Strokov, Vishal Baibhav, Emanuele Berti, Joseph Silk Recent gravitational wave observations revealed the existence of binary black-hole (BBH) mergers with unusually asymmetric and massive components. These events could have formed in dense stellar environments and theoretical understanding of the underlying astrophysical BBH populations is required to interpret the data. I present Rapster, a public python software that simulates the dynamical assembly of BBHs in star clusters implementing semi-analytic prescriptions (e-Print: 2210.10055 [astro-ph.HE]). The code is fast and simulates a typical cluster within a few seconds. As an application, I also discuss the formation of massive black holes via repeated mergers in nuclear star clusters. |
Saturday, December 3, 2022 2:36PM - 2:48PM |
E03.00004: Symmetries and Symmetry Breaking in Open Qubit Systems Sean T Prudhoe, Sarah E Shandera The theory of quantum open systems is far reaching having applications in physics spanning many scales, from condensed matter to cosmology. Although, only for a limited number of models can the infinitesimal time evolution (i.e. equation of motion) of open systems be explicitly determined. But the presence of symmetries in an open system should give a handle on the equations of motion. |
Saturday, December 3, 2022 2:48PM - 3:00PM |
E03.00005: Spinfoams, γ-duality and Parity Violation in Primordial Gravitational Waves Monica Tatiana Rincon Ramirez, Eugenio Bianchi It is expected that the presence of the Barbero-Immirzi parameter (γ) in Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG) results in a quantum correction to the classical theory of gravity in the form of parity violation in primordial gravitational waves. In this work, we construct an effective field theory for inflation with the same amount of parity violation than the Holst action for LQG. As a consequence, the polarization of the primordial gravitational wave background depends explicitly on γ. In this manner, the observation of primordial parity violation together with the mechanism that we propose would provide a way to set an experimental bound on the value of γ, and therefore on the scale of discreteness of geometrical observables, such as the area and volume of a quantum chunk of space. |
Saturday, December 3, 2022 3:00PM - 3:12PM |
E03.00006: Double copy and complex scalar manifolds in N=2 supergravity Mark Alaverdian Scalar fields in supersymmetric gravitiational theories (i.e. supergravity theories) are constrained to span complex manifolds with very special properties. The metrics of such scalar manifolds make an imprint on scattering amplitudes of supergravity, which are notoriously hard to calculate using conventional methods such as Feynman diagrams. A more convenient method which can be used for many supergravities is the so-called 'double copy' construction. Double copy is a way to produce supergravity scattering amplitudes by applying some simple operations to the scattering amplitudes of the corresponding gauge theories, which are much easier to calculate. In this talk, we will describe double copy constructions for 4d supergravities with N=2 supersymmetries at tree-level and discuss scalar metrics that arise in such double copies. We will also briefly discuss the effect of the loop corrections in gauge theories on the corresponding scalar metrics in N=2 supergravities. |
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