Bulletin of the American Physical Society
Mid-Atlantic Section Meeting 2021
Volume 66, Number 18
Friday–Sunday, December 3–5, 2021; Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
Session H03: Optics, Atomic Physics, Devices |
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Chair: Benjamin Thomas, New Jersey Institute of Technology Room: 202A |
Sunday, December 5, 2021 11:15AM - 11:51AM |
H03.00001: Near-infrared Optical Sensors to Monitor Flying Insects Invited Speaker: Benjamin Thomas Insects, through their large diversity, numbers, and biomass, play a crucial role in a variety of processes. Whether it is to study beneficial species, such as pollinators, or to implement mitigation methods for detrimental species, such as mosquitoes, fine scale measurements of insect behavior is critical. However, monitoring change in insect distribution, diversity, and abundance poses a significant challenge to entomologists. Most studies rely on physical traps using light, pheromones, food, or CO$_{2}$ as bait. While traps provide a high accuracy for the identification of the captured insects, they have strong limitations. Notably, they require long and expensive laboratory analysis, making data on insect population dynamics scarce and often geographically or temporally limited. Photonics surveillance of the insect fauna and entomological lidars offer a potential solution and have shown promising development over the last decade. The methodology generally relies on identifying and counting insects flying through a near-infrared laser beam, by retrieving their optical properties from either backscattered or transmitted optical signals. In this contribution, we present results from both laboratory and field experiments, showing that the family, species, sex group, and even gravidity of insects can be retrieved from spectral and polarimetric backscattered measurements. Fluctuations of the optical cross-section caused by the rapid movement of the wings allow for the retrieval of the wing beat frequency and associated Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients. These constitute a series of predictor variables used in a supervised machine learning classifier to identify each insect transiting through the laser beam. Finally, results obtained from season-long field campaigns in New Jersey are presented, where multiple infrared sensors have been deployed to continuously monitor insect activities as well as aerial density and circadian rhythm. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, December 5, 2021 11:51AM - 12:03PM |
H03.00002: Monitoring the aerial density and circadian rhythm of flying insects using a near-infrared stand-off optical sensor Adrien Genoud, Gregory Williams, Benjamin Thomas Although small in size, insects are a quintessential part of terrestrial ecosystems due to their large number and diversity. However, estimating trends in population of specific insect groups, both on a local or global scale, greatly suffers from our inability to collect entomological data. Photonic sensors to monitor insects are a potential solution to this lack of data, as they can observed thousands of insects per day with a temporal resolution in the minute range. Here, we present the results of a field experiment where the activity of insects has been monitored continuously over 3 months using an entomological stand-off optical sensor (ESOS). The aerial density (insects/m$^{3})$ of flying insects is obtained from optical backscatter signals of insects transiting through a near-infrared laser beam. The collected data allowed for the study of the circadian rhythm and daily activities as well as the aerial density dynamic over the whole campaign for each cluster individually. We believe that this new type of data can unlock many of the current limitations in the collection of entomological data, especially when studying the population dynamics of insects with large impacts on our society, such as pollinators or vectors of infectious diseases. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, December 5, 2021 12:03PM - 12:15PM |
H03.00003: Electromodulation spectroscopy of high performance bulk-heterojunction solar cells Marian Tzolov, Ilia Ivanov The efficiency of polymer solar cells has significantly improved thanks to the excellent film forming properties of the fluorinated derivative PBDB-T-2F (PM6) combined with the efficient electron acceptor BTP-4F-12 (Y6-12). We have fabricated devices with inverted architecture exceeding efficiency of 10{\%}, with the short circuit current and open circuit voltage comparable to top values in the literature. These devices were studied using electroabsorption (EA) spectroscopy, a technique which is sensitive to the interplay between light absorption and internal electric field. The current-voltage measurements in dark and under illumination before and after each EA measurement verify that the devices didn't degrade substantially during the experiment, and that the EA spectra are representative for high performing devices. We have followed the spectral variations with DC bias by calculating the EA dynamic spectra, the 2D synchronous and asynchronous correlation spectra. Our studies reveal substantial coupling of electron states below the absorption edge with the electric field, which is a feature not detectable in the absorption, and photocurrent spectra. We have found that the electronic states of mixed PM6:Y6-12 were modified relative to their pristine state. Details on this additional interaction may hold the explanation for the successful operation of polymer photovoltaic devices. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, December 5, 2021 12:15PM - 12:27PM |
H03.00004: Low-light Single Pixel Imaging Using Quantum Noise Savannah Cuozzo, Pratik Barge, Lior Cohen, Hwang Lee, Irina Novikova, Eugeniy Mikhailov When imaging in the low-light regime, the accuracy of detection is often limited by the dark noise of your camera. This can be circumvented by analyzing the quantum noise of the illuminating probe beam if it has non-classical noise statistics (e.g. quadrature squeezed vacuum). Quantum-limited cameras that allow this kind of detection, where the dark noise is below the shot-noise limit, can be quite costly and only allow you to probe a single noise quadrature at a time. At the same time, classical single-pixel imaging methods have been developed to interrogate an object using different spatial patterns (we use the Hadamard modes). We present a method combining the analysis of quantum noise modes and single-pixel imaging techniques to reconstruct an image in the low light regime without relying on a camera. This method also allows us to also track the phase changes with each mode, providing us with a more complete image of the quantum noise when we reconstruct the object of interest. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, December 5, 2021 12:27PM - 12:39PM |
H03.00005: Low-Light Shadow Imaging using Quantum-Noise Statistics Ziqi Niu, Savannah Cuozzo, Irina Novikova, Eugeniy Mikhailov, Pratik Barge, Hwang Lee, Lior Cohen We show that the shapes of opaque objects can be recovered with a few-photon thermal light using spatial quantum noise analysis. Our method is immune to the camera dark noise thanks to camera-based homodyne detection. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, December 5, 2021 12:39PM - 12:51PM |
H03.00006: Integration of single-photon from a trapped ion into a photonic chip Uday Saha, James D. Siverns, John Hannegan, Mihika Prabhu, Eric Bersin, Saumil Bandyopadhyay, Jacques Carolan, Qudsia Quraishi, Dirk Englund, Edo Waks Trapped ions are promising qubit systems for implementing quantum networks because of their long coherence times, ability to generate entangled photons as well as high fidelity single- and two-qubit gates. To establish quantum networks in a scalable way, we need photonic integrated circuits to interfere single photons from trapped ions and entangle different trapped ion systems on-demand. However, every trapped ion has strong dipole transitions in ultra-violet and visible wavelength and emits entangled single photons in that regime making them incompatible for present-day photonic foundry. In this work, we integrate the single photons from a trapped barium ion in a photonic Mach-Zehnder interferometer which can be used as a building block of photonic processors for implementing large quantum networks. For this integration, we first generate C-band telecom single photons from barium ions. Then, we integrate and route these single photons into foundry fabricated silicon nitride Mach-Zehnder interferometer. These results will enable a new generation of compact and reconfigurable integrated photonic devices that can serve as efficient quantum interconnects for quantum computers and sensors. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, December 5, 2021 12:51PM - 1:03PM |
H03.00007: Stefan-Maxwell diffusivities of gas mixtures, and Onsager’s regression hypothesis Maxim Zyskin, Charles Monroe Stefan-Maxwell diffusivities play an important role in continuum multi-species transport theories (Goyal and Monroe, JES 2017 ; Goyal and Monroe, Electrochem. Acta 2021), and in the modelling of electric batteries in particular. These diffusivities in general depend on composition, temperature and pressure, leading to a nonlinear system of transport equations, with nonnegative entropy production rate, controlled by the Stefan-Maxwell diffusivities and other kinetic parameters, including thermal diffusivity and viscosity. It is therefore important to develop robust computational methods to determine Stefan-Maxwell diffusivities, as these are not predicted by the continuum modelling framework. In the case of gas mixtures, analytic methods, and molecular dynamics method bases on Onsager’s regression hypothesis (Monroe, Wheeler and Newman, I&ECR 2015) are available. We carefully compute scattering integrals that determine kinetic parameters and investigate Stefan–Maxwell diffusivities, including higher-order corrections, within Lennard-Jones gas mixtures. We perform molecular dynamics simulations based on Onsager’s regression hypothesis, paying attention to the role of the thermostat, and compare molecular dynamics simulations, analytical results, and available experimental data. [Preview Abstract] |
Sunday, December 5, 2021 1:03PM - 1:15PM |
H03.00008: Many-body physics with spin states of trapped Rydberg atoms Svetlana Malinovskaya Atoms in their highly excited electronic states, referred to as Rydberg atoms, have extraordinary nonlinear optical properties. Such atoms are highly polarizable and interact with each other via the dipole-dipole interactions or the van-der-Waals interactions. At ultra-cold temperatures, Rydberg atoms possess quantum properties that are strongly dependent on their interatomic interactions leading to condensed matter-like collective behavior. Owing to these features, Rydberg atoms became a new platform to study quantum many-body physics. Spin degrees of freedom of trapped Rydberg atoms bring rich new physics including quantum magnetism, new quantum phases, and entanglement, which is a crucial resource in many quantum information and quantum communication tasks. In this talk, I will discuss properties of alkali rubidium atoms trapped in an optical lattice and excited to Rydberg states by laser radiation. I will present a quantum control methodology to create entangled states of two typical classes, the W and the GHZ. I will show that the entangled states of Rydberg atoms can be used to create the multiphoton entangled radiation states in a cavity and in free space. The methodology exploits chirped pulse adiabatic passage. [Preview Abstract] |
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