Topological defects and flux channels in artificial spin ice*

Artificial spin ice, consisting of nanostructured magnetic elements, provides an excellent playground for exploring many-body phenomena. In our study, we focus on the influence of a complex geometrical transformation and the introduction of a topological defect within a small patch of the classical square ice lattice. By using magnetic imaging techniques, we unveil the existence of preferential magnetic flux channels. These channels persist due to the system's inherent topological nature that leads to a modification of the energy landscape. This topological transformation offers an exciting avenue for designing and fine-tuning controllable emergent flux channels, creating new opportunities for further research.