Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2023
Volume 68, Number 3
Las Vegas, Nevada (March 5-10)
Virtual (March 20-22); Time Zone: Pacific Time
Session Z71: Lumped-Element Parametric Amplifiers and CirculatorsFocus
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Sponsoring Units: DQI Chair: Olivia Lanes, IBM TJ Watson Research Center Room: Room 407/408 |
Friday, March 10, 2023 11:30AM - 11:42AM |
Z71.00001: SQUID-Based Broadband Microwave Isolator Matthew A Beck As superconducting quantum processors grow in size and complexity, so must the peripheral hardware required for the control and readout of such processors. One singular piece of hardware common to superconducting quantum processors setups is the microwave isolator. Current microwave isolator technology can be generally understood in the context of breaking time-reversal symmetry. In general, to achieve this symmetry breaking, a ferrite material is utilized. While generally exhibiting wide (> GHz) bandwidths and large (>20 dB) directionality, these ferrite-based devices are physically large with volumes exceeding 15 cm^3. Relying on ferrite materials, these devices can also introduce uncontrolled magnetic fields at or near the quantum processor resulting in deleterious effects such as frequency shifts, excess flux noise, or flux vortex formation. At the scale required of quantum processors to achieve quantum advantage, a replacement must be found. |
Friday, March 10, 2023 11:42AM - 11:54AM |
Z71.00002: Systematic design of microwave parametric amplifiers, frequency converters, and circulators Ofer Naaman, Jose Aumentado, Ted White, Randy Kwende, Ryan Kaufman Impedance-matching and filter synthesis techniques from microwave engineering can be harnessed to systematically design Josephson parametric amplifiers and non-reciprocal devices. We will show that parametric couplings function analogously to immittance inverters in microwave circuits, and then apply filter synthesis techniques to the design of wideband Josephson parametric amplifiers, frequency converters, and circulators. We will present data from degenerate parametric amplifiers having engineered Chebyshev gain profile with over 400 MHz bandwidth and 20 dB gain, and show preliminary results from frequency converting devices. |
Friday, March 10, 2023 11:54AM - 12:06PM |
Z71.00003: Quantum Efficient Measurement of a Transmon via a High Saturation Power Josephson Parametric Amplifier Part 1 Ryan Kaufman, Chenxu Liu, Katarina Cicak, Boris Mesits, Mingkang Xia, Chao Zhou, Maria Nowicki, David Pekker, Jose Aumentado, Michael J Hatridge High-fidelity quantum non-demolition qubit measurement is critical to error correction and feedback in large-scale quantum computing. High-fidelity readout requires a short and strong pulse transiting the qubit's measurement mode which is then processed by a necessarily high bandwidth, high saturation power, quantum-limited amplifier. In this talk, we present the design and fabrication of a single-mode amplifier which meets these criteria. The amplifier utilizes an array of 25 radio frequency Superconducting QUantum Interference Devices (rf-SQUIDS) embedded within a low-Q resonator powered by a high-power voltage pump delivered via a diplexer on the signal port. We show that despite the intensity of the pump, the device is quantum-efficient and capable of high-fidelity measurement limited by state transitions in the transmon. We will present experimental data demonstrating -90dBm input saturation power with 20dB gain over 50MHz and phase preserving qubit measurements with > 60 % quantum efficiency. |
Friday, March 10, 2023 12:06PM - 12:18PM |
Z71.00004: Quantum Efficient Measurement of a Transmon via a High Saturation Power Josephson Parametric Amplifier Part 2 Boris Mesits, Ryan Kaufman, Saeed A Khan, Leon Y Bello, Mingkang Xia, Chao Zhou, Maria Nowicki, Hakan E Tureci, Michael J Hatridge Achieving high-fidelity, quantum non-demolition qubit readout is a key challenge for the future of superconducting quantum computing. Readout pulses must be strong enough to produce a detectable dispersive frequency shift yet weak enough to avoid excess qubit dephasing and unwanted qubit-resonator energy transitions. In this talk, we present a set of methods for optimizing transmon measurement fidelity using a high-saturation power, quantum-efficient, rf-SQUID-based parametric amplifier. Given our amplifier's performance, we find that the primary limitation is the transmon's degradation of coherence when measured with strong pulses. To optimize fidelity, we vary the pulse shape, amplitude, and duration of our readout to find the optimal compromise between qubit decoherence and information output. Furthermore, we classify the results with a machine learning algorithm, which can autonomously learn the weight functions that extract the maximum information from each readout shot. With this method we achieve maximum total classification fidelity of 99.5% with phase-sensitive measurement. |
Friday, March 10, 2023 12:18PM - 12:30PM |
Z71.00005: Vacuum squeezing in resonant SNAIL parametric amplifier operated near the Kerr-free point Theo Shaw, Zhuoqun Hao, Ameya Riswadkar, Shyam Shankar Squeezed states are an important resource in certain quantum measurements and computing architectures. Single-mode squeezed states of traveling microwave photons are commonly created by quantum-limited parametric amplifiers operated in phase-sensitive mode. One major impediment to creating a highly squeezed state is the distortion of the state at high gain due to Kerr (fourth-order) nonlinearity, which is innate to most Josephson junction-based parametric amplifiers. One exception is the SNAIL parametric amplifier, which can be designed and flux-biased to reach a point where the Kerr nonlinearity reaches zero and third-order nonlinearity is still significant. We will report experimental results on the degree of squeezing of a resonant three-wave-mixing SNAIL parametric amplifier operated in the vicinity of its Kerr-free point. |
Friday, March 10, 2023 12:30PM - 12:42PM |
Z71.00006: Fabrication of low-loss Josephson junction based parametric circuits Kedar E Honasoge, Yuki Nojiri, Daniil E Bazulin, Leon Koch, Thomas Luschmann, Niklas Bruckmoser, Maria-Teresa Handschuh, Florian Fesquet, Fabian Kronowetter, Michael Renger, Achim Marx, Rudolf Gross, Kirill G Fedorov Interest in quantum-limited amplification based on Josephson junction based superconducting circuits has increased drastically due to the rapidly advancing field of quantum information processing. To this end, a key challenge is the realization of low-loss superconducting devices. We achieve this goal by employing careful cleaning steps during the fabrication of the superconducting circuits. Upon optimization, we fabricate Josephson parametric devices with internal quality factors in excess of 105. We characterize bandwidth, gain, noise, dynamic range, and other properties of the realized devices. Based on these investigations, we derive useful criteria for the development of more intricate devices incorporating Josephson parametric circuits. |
Friday, March 10, 2023 12:42PM - 1:18PM |
Z71.00007: Filter synthesis for wideband parametric amplifier and converter design Invited Speaker: Jose Aumentado Low noise amplification is a critical element in dispersive readout approaches in superconducting quantum computing. Although the best noise performance is obtained in reflection parametric amplifiers (e.g., Josephson parametric amplifiers (JPAs), Josephson ring modulators (JRMs), etc.), this has come at the expense of having meager bandwidths in comparison to traveling wave parametric amplifiers (TWPAs). While there have been a number of demonstrations showing how the bandwidth can be increased, the reasoning has largely been based on physicist-centric reasoning that is often difficult to translate into a systematic design methodology that can be extended to more complicated devices. This includes, for instance, circuit designs that might include parametric frequency conversion or nonreciprocity. Meanwhile, the techniques for synthesizing wideband parametric amplifiers were already articulated in the 1960s in the context of varactor (modulated capacitor)-based low noise parametric amplifiers (c.f., G.L. Matthaei, L. Young, and E.M. Jones. "Design of Microwave Filters, Impedance-Matching Networks, and Coupling Structures. Volume 2," Stanford Research Inst Menlo Park CA (1963)). These are closely related to wideband matching circuit synthesis and filter design techniques that are well-known in modern electrical engineering. In this talk, I will discuss the links between these disparate approaches and outline the basic reasoning and methodology for synthesizing more complex parametric circuit designs for wideband parametric amplifiers and frequency converters using modulated inductances such as Josephson junctions and kinetic inductance elements (see O. Naaman, and J. Aumentado, "Synthesis of Parametrically Coupled Networks." PRX Quantum 3.2 020201 (2022)). |
Friday, March 10, 2023 1:18PM - 1:30PM |
Z71.00008: Magnetic-Field Resilient Microwave Quantum Squeezer Yufeng Wu, Mingrui Xu, Hong X Tang The squeezed state is an important resource for quantum information processing and quantum sensing. In the microwave domain, the Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA) is widely used to generate squeezed states. However, due to their sensitivity to the magnetic field, such squeezers are not suitable for sensing tasks such as searching for dark matter Axion and addressing magnetic resonance detection. Here we demonstrate high-degree microwave vacuum squeezing using a magnetic-field resilient amplifier made from NbN thin films. With the second-order correlation characterization, we show our squeezer can generate microwave photon pairs with high g2 (0). |
Friday, March 10, 2023 1:30PM - 1:42PM |
Z71.00009: Readout of a Quantum Processor with High Dynamic Range Josephson Parametric Amplifiers Theodore C White, Ofer Naaman, Alexander M Opremcak, Daniel T Sank, George Sterling Josephson parametric amplifiers are a key technology in superconducting quantum computation as they allow for fast accurate measurement of qubit states with dispersive microwave readout. For larger quantum processors, size constraints will require frequency multiplexed readout of many tones on a single line. Traveling wave parametric amplifiers provide large bandwidth and high saturation power, but are difficult to fabricate and have higher internal loss. Lumped element amplifiers can provide high quantum efficiency and large bandwidth, but have traditionally been limited to input powers of less than -115 dBm at 20 dB gain. Here, we demonstrate that by replacing the dc-SQUID in our impedance-matched parametric amplifiers with an rf-SQUID array, we can achieve an over 100-fold increase in saturation power. We discuss the design and characterization of these amplifiers and present data measured using a 54-qubit Sycamore processor. We show these amplifiers can easily support simultaneous readout of up to 6 tones with no loss of efficiency due to saturation. |
Friday, March 10, 2023 1:42PM - 1:54PM |
Z71.00010: Designing pump-efficient Josephson parametric amplifiers with high dynamic range Nicholas M Hougland, Ryan Kaufman, Boris Mesits, Michael J Hatridge, David Pekker Quantum information processing relies on low noise amplification for signal readout. In the realm of superconducting quantum computing this amplification is often achieved via Josephson Parametric Amplifiers (JPA). In the past, these amplifiers exhibited low pump efficiency and low saturation power. However, it has been previously shown that more complex devices with multiple Josephson junctions can be tuned to improve each of these parameters. Here, we propose a circuit that consists of an array of RF SQUIDS, with each RF SQUID shunted by additional current-biased Josephson junctions. We demonstrate that this circuit can be tuned to have large saturation power and at the same time an efficiency of at least 8.4% (a 4-fold improvement over similar circuits excluding the current-biased junctions). |
Friday, March 10, 2023 1:54PM - 2:06PM |
Z71.00011: DC-powered superconducting microwave amplifiers based on inelastic Cooper-pair tunnelling Naveen Nehra, Ulrich Martel, Florian Blanchet, Max Hofheinz Josephson parametric amplifiers have played a crucial role in improving fidelity of qubit readouts, observation of quantum jumps, quantum feedback algorithms and weak measurements. However, a strong AC pump tone is required for the operation of these amplifiers incurring an overhead of resources in dilution refrigerators. Moreover, there is possibility of cross interactions of this pump tone with other parts of a quantum circuit. In our lab, we work on DC-powered microwave amplifiers based on inelastic Cooper-pair tunnelling (ICTA). We have already demonstrated near quantum-limited amplification with ICTAs. Our goal now is to increase gain-bandwidth product using advanced impedance engineering techniques. |
Friday, March 10, 2023 2:06PM - 2:18PM |
Z71.00012: Compact inductor-capacitor resonators at subgigahertz frequencies Qi-Ming Chen, Rostislav Duda, Aarne Keränen, Priyank Singh, Arman Alizadeh, Mikko Möttönen Compact inductor-capacitor (LC) resonators, in contrast to coplanar waveguide resonators, have a straightforward lumped-element model but are challenging to accurately design without finite-element method (FEM) simulations. We present an analytical model of a compact LC resonator design where the electrical parameters are directly expressed from the circuit geometry. The experimental results consisting of eight different resonators are consistent with both our analytical model and FEM simulations. These results demonstrate the ability to conveniently design subgigahertz resonators, which has immediate applications in the realization of large photonic lattices and ultrasensitive superconducting bolometers. |
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