Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2023
Volume 68, Number 3
Las Vegas, Nevada (March 5-10)
Virtual (March 20-22); Time Zone: Pacific Time
Session Y67: Transduction for Hybrid Quantum Systems IFocus
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Sponsoring Units: DQI Chair: Joel Grebel, University of Chicago Room: Room 412 |
Friday, March 10, 2023 8:00AM - 8:12AM |
Y67.00001: Efficiency of microwave-optical transduction in rare-earth ions Thomas B Smith, Gargi Tyagi, John G Bartholomew, Andrew C Doherty We investigate a microwave-optical transducer based on an erbium-doped crystal placed in both a microwave resonator and an optical cavity [1]. Depending on the drive frequency of the optical cavity, this scheme allows for the conversion between microwaves and optical photons, or the biphoton emission of a microwave photon and an optical photon. We model the efficiency of the transduction when accounting for competing effects such as the biphoton emission and effective dispersion arising from fluctuations into the drive power. |
Friday, March 10, 2023 8:12AM - 8:24AM |
Y67.00002: Characterization of an on-chip microwave to optical transducer using ytterbium-doped crystals Tian Xie, Rikuto Fukumori, Keith Schwab, Andrei Faraon Microwave to optical transduction is essential for large-scale quantum networks and distributed quantum computing with superconducting quantum systems. Ensembles of rare-earth ions (REI) coupled to resonators are one of the promising systems for developing quantum transducers because of their ability to transfer a quantum state between electronic spin, nuclear spin and optical transitions. Among the REI, ytterbium is of special interest because of its simple hyperfine level structure, strong dipole moment, and narrow inhomogeneities in both optical and spin domains. |
Friday, March 10, 2023 8:24AM - 8:36AM |
Y67.00003: Enhancement via the Kittel mode of a magnet of the microwave to optical quantum transduction in a rare-earth-doped crystal Tharnier Puel, Adam T Turflinger, Sebastian P Horvath, Jeff D Thompson, Michael E Flatté The highly localized 4$f$ electrons of rare-earth-doped materials provide a simple atom-like level structure with a spin-photon interface, telecom-wavelength optical transitions, potential for long spin and optical coherence times, and the ability to realize high-density doping. Initial quantum operations (transduction, quantum information storage, sensing) using commercial rare-earth doped materials have shown the promise of rare-earth quantum information science, however current coupling strengths, linewidths and coherence times remain far away from those required to achieve highly efficient, low noise and high bandwidth quantum operations. Proposals for quantum transduction using rare-earth ions rely on spin-flip transitions from microwaves that couple to inter-4$f$ transitions (such as the $J=15/2$ to $J=13/2$ optical transition at telecom wavelengths of the Er$^{3+}$ ion in a solid host). The oscillator strengths of the microwave excitations are particularly weak leading to poor transduction efficiencies. |
Friday, March 10, 2023 8:36AM - 8:48AM |
Y67.00004: Wafer-scale rare-earth qubits with milliseconds coherence time Shobhit Gupta, Yizhong Huang, Shawn Liu, Chao-Fan Wang, Natasha Tomm, Richard J Warburton, Tanay Roy, David Schuster, Tian Zhong ..Rare-Earth(RE) qubits in solids are a promising platform for quantum repeaters and hybrid quantum systems due to the long spin coherence time and narrow optical linewidths of rare-earth ions. We demonstrate epitaxially grown RE-doped thin films[1]with long coherence times, enabling large-scale device fabrication for quantum information processing. We address erbium (Er3+) dopants in epitaxial Y2O3 thin film on a wafer-scale with high sensitivity pulsed electron spin resonance (ESR) using superconducting microwave resonators and demonstrate long spin coherence time on par with bulk crystals. We perform Purcell-enhanced readout of single Er3+ions optically using cryogenic fiber Fabry-Perot cavity and discuss the directions towards obtaining transform-limited single optical emitters. Our results demonstrate long coherence times in rare-earth doped thin films which will allow for large-scale development of RE-based quantum interconnects, and sensors as well as enable the study of novel physics of RE spin-phonon, spin-spin interactions. |
Friday, March 10, 2023 8:48AM - 9:00AM |
Y67.00005: QUANTUM ACOUSTICS: Hong-Ou-Mandel Interference with Itinerant Surface Acoustic Phonons Hong Qiao, Etienne Dumur, Gustav Andersson, Haoxiong Yan, Ming-Han Chou, Joel Grebel, Christopher R Conner, Yash Joshi, Jacob M Miller, Rhys G Povey, Xuntao Wu, Andrew N Cleland Two-particle interference is a fundamental property of indistinguishable quantum-mechanical particles that has no classical counterpart. When two identical photons enter a beam splitter with a perfect temporal overlap, interference causes both photons to exit the beam splitter in the same output channel, with zero probability of single photons in either output channel, as first established by Hong, Ou and Mandel [C. K. Hong, Z. Y. Ou, L. Mandel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 2044–2046 (1987)]. Here we demonstrate the Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) experiment with individual itinerant surface acoustic wave phonons. Single phonons released on demand by two superconducting qubits interfere in a phononic beam splitter, with the beam splitter output detected by the same two qubits. We observe the classic HOM “dip” in coincident output phonons with a visibility of 0.910±0.013. We also systematically study the temporal waveform and frequency indistinguishability of the two phonons. We further demonstrate a Mach-Zehnder-like interferometer, where a single phonon is “split” by the beam splitter, enabling subsequent phase-dependent interference. This experiment completes the toolbox for linear phononic circuits, analogous to linear photonic computing, with possible future extensions to other fundamental quantum acoustics experiments and applications in quantum information processing with phonons. |
Friday, March 10, 2023 9:00AM - 9:12AM |
Y67.00006: Phononic bath engineering of a superconducting qubit Joe M Kitzman, Justin R Lane, camryn undershute, Patrick M Harrington, Niyaz Beysengulov, Camille A Mikolas, Kater Murch, Johannes Pollanen Interactions between a quantum system and its lossy environment typically lead to unwanted decoherence and dissipation. However, in certain contexts, controlled dissipation can be harnessed for the preparation and manipulation of quantum systems. This type of quantum bath engineering has been advantageously leveraged in a broad class of systems including neutral atoms and trapped ions, optomechanical devices and superconducting qubits. Quantum acoustic systems, in which superconducting qubits are coupled to quantized mechanical degrees of freedom, offer a unique paradigm for engineering dissipation to control quantum information using tailor-made phononic loss channels. Here we demonstrate quantum state preparation and stabilization of a superconducting transmon qubit through its dissipative interaction with an engineered phononic bath of piezoelectric surface acoustic waves. We achieve this using a hybrid quantum system composed of a superconducting qubit coupled to a piezoelectric surface acoustic wave resonator to enable dynamical stabilization of an arbitrary superposition state of the qubit via its interaction with itinerant piezo-phonons. |
Friday, March 10, 2023 9:12AM - 9:24AM |
Y67.00007: High-impedance Surface Acoustic Wave Resonators on Lithium Niobate Yadav P Kandel, John Nichol Surface acoustic wave resonators (SAWR) formed by defining two grating-like-mirrors on the surface of piezoelectric materials are useful in various classical and quantum applications. They are robust against magnetic fields and stray photons, can operate from room temperature to cryogenic temperatures, and have low loss. We fabricate high-frequency SAWRs on lithium niobate with Gaussian mirrors and characterize them at various temperatures. The cavity stopband and the thickness of electrodes are optimized for a high quality factor and small mode area for large zero-point fluctuations. Because of the large phonon lifetime and high characteristic impedance, these surface acoustic wave resonators are promising candidates for quantum state transduction. |
Friday, March 10, 2023 9:24AM - 9:36AM |
Y67.00008: Coherent dynamics and dissipation in a phononic open quantum system camryn undershute, Joe M Kitzman, Pranaya Kishore K Rath, Justin R Lane, Johannes Pollanen Circuit quantum acoustodynamics (cQAD) enables the investigation of the fundamental quantum properties of phonons by experimentally leveraging the intrinsic nonlinearity of superconducting qubits. Here we describe an experiment in which the electro-mechanical response of a piezoelectric surface acoustic wave (SAW) device enables the realization of a phononic open quantum system that simultaneously samples both the strong and weakly coupled regimes of cQAD. This system is experimentally realized via capacitive coupling between a transmon qubit and a custom-designed SAW resonator. Using the coupling-of-modes method we model the electro-mechanical properties of the SAW and are able to create a spectrum of SAW phonons that includes a confined surface phonon mode that is strongly coupled to the qubit along with a quasi-continuum of lossy modes that exit the phonon resonator. |
Friday, March 10, 2023 9:36AM - 9:48AM |
Y67.00009: Non-Markovian bath engineering of a superconducting qubit Johannes Pollanen, Pranaya Kishore K Rath, Joe M Kitzman, camryn undershute The dynamics of open quantum systems are often described by a Markovian master equation in which correlations between the quantum system and the reservoir are short lived. This approximation is accurate for qubits coupled to lossy photonic baths, where the transit time of the photon is effectively instantaneous relative to the coherence time of the qubit. Here we introduce a novel hybrid quantum system for coupling a superconducting qubit to a phononic bath composed of surface acoustic wave (SAW) phonons. The presence of the SAW device introduces a tailored loss channel to the qubit and we engineer this phonon bath such that the transit time of a phonon is comparable to the lifetime of the qubit necessitating a non-Markovian treatment of the system. |
Friday, March 10, 2023 9:48AM - 10:24AM |
Y67.00010: Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics with Rydberg atoms in superconducting resonators Invited Speaker: Aishwarya Kumar Neutral atoms in their Rydberg states interact strongly with microwave and millimeter wave (mmwave) photons. Realizing such a coupling in superconducting resonators can enable a fundamentally new regime for atom based cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED). I will describe a cryogenic cold atom experiment where we strongly couple an ensemble of Rb85 atoms to a novel, high-Q, three dimensional mmwave resonator with ample optical access for trapping and addressing atoms [1]. I will show how, by simultaneously coupling the atoms to an optical cavity, we implement a transducer that can convert single millimeter wave photons to optical photons with state-of-the-art efficiency (58 %) and bandwidth (360 kHz) [2]. I will further discuss the prospects for extending these techniques to microwave frequencies and coupling the atoms to transmons, bridging cavity and circuit QED. Finally, I will describe our efforts to use the non-linearity of the atom-resonator interaction to generate spin squeezed states. |
Friday, March 10, 2023 10:24AM - 10:36AM |
Y67.00011: Quantum Emitter Optomechanics in a Hybrid WSe2-LiNbO3 Surface Acoustic Wave Resonator Sahil Patel, Kamyar Parto, Michael Choquer, Sammy Umezawa, Landon Hellman, Daniella Polishchuk, Galan Moody Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) are a versatile tool for coherently interfacing with a variety of solid-state quantum systems spanning microwave to optical frequencies, including superconducting qubits, spins, and quantum emitters [1]. Here, we demonstrate cavity optomechanics with 2D materials, specifically monolayer WSe2, embedded in a planar lithium niobate SAW resonator driven by superconducting electronics. Using steady-state photoluminescence spectroscopy and time-resolved single-photon counting, we map the temporal dynamics of modulated 2D emitters under coupling to different SAW cavity modes, showing energy-level splitting consistent with deformation potential coupling. Cavity optomechanics with SAWs and 2D quantum emitters, and their sensitivity to strain with > 50 meV/%, points to new opportunities for compact sensors and quantum electro-optomechanics in a multifunctional integrated platform that combines phononic, optical, and superconducting electronic quantum systems. |
Friday, March 10, 2023 10:36AM - 10:48AM |
Y67.00012: Isolating physical mechanisms for surface lying two-level system loss using surface acoustic wave resonators Rachel G Gruenke Identifying sources of two-level system (TLS) loss in mechanical devices is necessary for making long lifetime quantum acoustic devices. While it has been demonstrated that mechanical resonators such as phononic crystals have TLS dominated loss at low temperatures, this loss is not yet attributed to chemical or material properties. This study uses a series of 690MHz surface acoustic wave resonators fabricated on bulk Lithium Niobate with different surface treatments. Cryogenic temperature sweep measurements of the SAWs and surface analysis techniques including x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the substrate are compared to isolate sources of TLS loss. Surface treatments performed on the LN substrate include annealing, submerging in buffered oxide etchant or piranha, ion milling via gas cluster ion beam, and 5% magnesium oxide (MgO) co-doping. XPS studies suggest excess surface lying metal oxide increases TLS loss; ion milled substrates also have a large increase of TLS loss. SAW insensitivity to TLS loss improvement after MgO co-doping motivates future TLS studies using bulk acoustic wave resonators, which will also be described in detail. |
Friday, March 10, 2023 10:48AM - 11:00AM |
Y67.00013: Crystallographic suppression of bulk wave coupling in surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators on quartz Alec L Emser, Brendon Rose, Cyril Metzger, Pablo Aramburu Sanchez, Konrad Lehnert By joining long-lived mechanical resonators with superconducting circuits, the burgeoning field of circuit quantum acoustodynamics (cQAD) has in recent years demonstrated increasingly impressive quantum control over phonons. However, owing to their reliance on piezoelectric media which may inadvertently couple to spurious acoustic modes, these systems have suffered from qubit lifetimes two orders of magnitude shorter than those on more favorable dielectrics. Here we report on efforts to mitigate piezoelectric qubit losses in hybrid cQAD platforms through crystallographic engineering. In particular, we use finite element simulations to search for orientations of quartz which inherently suppress bulk wave coupling in SAW resonators. Although our focus is on surface wave devices, this technique is readily extendable to other hybrid piezoelectric platforms. |
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