Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2023
Volume 68, Number 3
Las Vegas, Nevada (March 5-10)
Virtual (March 20-22); Time Zone: Pacific Time
Session W66: Quantum Optics |
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Sponsoring Units: DAMOP Chair: Daniel Reiche, Humboldt University of Berlin Room: Room 413 |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 3:00PM - 3:12PM |
W66.00001: Exploiting the quantumness of coherent states Carla A Hermann Avigliano Can we harvest useful quantum properties from coherent states? Can we engineer quantum states with them, creating useful nonclassical states from mostly classical light? Our last works attempt to answer both questions with a solid yes. We show how nonlinear light-matter interactions reveal the unambiguous quantum nature of coherent states, creating macroscopic and highly nonclassical light while preserving their coherent photon statistics [1]. Figure 1 shows examples of the generation of such states, where the uncertain region of an initial coherent state in the phase space representation (Wigner Function) nonlinearly evolves into negative values, an unmistakable quantum fingerprint. The emergent non-minimal uncertainty states have a significant metrological advantage, a fundamental resource for quantum metrology. Remarkably, we also show how to deterministically generate Fock states with large photon numbers and high fidelities within the well-known Jaynes–Cummings model, which is a particular case of such nonlinear interactions [2]. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 3:12PM - 3:24PM |
W66.00002: Spatial and temporal correlation measurent on the ground state of light Alexa Herter In quantum field theory probing of aquantum state of light is often illustraded by the picture of atoms described by a two-level system interacting with the quantum state. Thereby, the ground state of light – well known as vacuum fluctuations – can create non-causal connections between two atoms, since the vacuum fluctuation being a pure quantum state is shows entanglement. For the discussion of causality, a precisely defined starting time for the interaction of the atoms with each other as well as with the vacuum starts is crucial. Consequently, an experimental realization failed at the permanent presence of the vacuum fluctuations. At the same time, optical signals do not interact with the vacuum field in general, but interaction can be achieved by overlapping the contributing fields inside a non-linear crystal. Within the spectral range of THz up to mid-infrared, electro-optic sampling allows mapping the electric field of a signal onto the polarization state of near-infrared laser pulses by the use of second-order nonlinear interaction. In this manner, the statistics of vacuum fluctuations and their first-order temporal field correlation within a single spatial point have been analysed in the past. Now we expand the latter investigation by separating the near-infrared probing pulses also in the spatial dimension. For a distance of 50 μm – corresponding to a time-of-flight of 470 fs – we demonstrate a non-vanishing vacuum-induced correlation between two 195 fs pulses. In conclusion, we build an experimental analogy to the theoretical two-atom picture paving the way to novel insights into quantum field theory. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 3:24PM - 3:36PM |
W66.00003: Ultrastrong Coupling between Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Cavity Photons Timothy E Kritzell, Junzhe Bao, Jae Joon Lee, Hongjing Xu, Fuyang Tay, Hiroyuki Nojiri, Andrey Baydin, Motoaki Bamba, Junichiro Kono The Dicke model in quantum optics describes the cooperative interaction of an ensemble of two-level atoms with a single mode of light. Recently, ultrastrong coupling (USC) has been achieved in a wide range of light–matter hybrid systems. However, the matter side of the coupled system is usually viewable as a bosonic excitation, and thus temperature-independent boson–boson models can describe observed USC phenomena. In addition, the USC of magnetic resonances with cavities remains largely unexplored. Here, we study the USC of an ensemble of paramagnetic spins with Fabry–Pérot (FP) cavity photons in Gd3Ga5O12 (GGG), a paramagnetic insulator, in the presence of an external magnetic field. We found that the cavity photon–EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) coupling strength is dependent not only on the magnetic field but also on the temperature via Pauli’s principle, a fermionic character. We used terahertz time-domain spectroscopy in magnetic fields up to 30 T for probing polariton branches both in the bulk and thin-film limits. In the bulk case, where no particular FP mode is defined, we observed that the coupling of EPR with free-space THz photons reached the USC regime at high magnetic fields and low temperatures. In the thin-film limit, we found that the coupling between the second FP mode and EPR can reach the USC regime at room temperature. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 3:36PM - 3:48PM |
W66.00004: Preparation-free coherent storage based on optical frequency comb echo Yisheng Lei, Mahdi Hosseini Quantum memories are essential elements for future quantum networks. Numerous protocols for building quantum memories have been proposed and demonstrated in experiments, such as controlled reversible inhomogeneous broadening, atomic frequency comb, electromagnetically induced transparency and more. However, they require complicated preparation procedures and have short duty cycles. Here, we propose a preparation-free quantum memory protocol based on optical frequency comb echo. Optical frequency combs can be created by electro-optical modulation. Photon echoes are coherent emissions when the atomic ensemble rephase, which have been used extensively for quantum storage. Quantum frequency mixers enable conversion of multiple frequency-bin states into one frequency-bin single-photon-level state. Based on these techniques, we experimentally demonstrate the protocol with an erbium doped YSO crystal. Erbium ions have optical transitions at telecom wavelength, which are suitable for long distance communications in fibers. Our study can enable a robust and efficient method to build telecom quantum optical memories. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 3:48PM - 4:00PM |
W66.00005: Revealing Nonclassical Light with Zero-Photon Subtraction Cory M Nunn, Saurabh U Shringarpure, Todd B Pittman Zero-photon subtraction (ZPS) is a conditional measurement process that can noiselessly attenuate quantum optical states despite removing no photons from the system. Here we show that in addition to reducing mean photon number, ZPS can also transform certain super-Poissonian states into sub-Poissonian states, and vice versa. Using well-known properties of conditional measurements, we note this is only possible for nonclassical input states and develop a new set of non-classicality criteria that could be directly measured in a ZPS experiment. We identify several classes of states which are guaranteed to violate these criteria and have their sub/super-Poissonian character changed by the ZPS process. Further analysis reveals that observable quantities in ZPS are directly related to the moment and cumulant generating functions of the photon number distribution. This can be used to extract higher-order statistics for the input and output states, allowing for a more complete description of the ZPS transformation. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 4:00PM - 4:12PM |
W66.00006: Cavity-Enhanced 2D Material Quantum Emitters Deterministically Integrated with Silicon Nitride Microresonators Kamyar Parto, Shaimaa Azzam, Nick Lewis, Sahil Patel, Sammy Umezawa, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Galan Moody Two-dimensional material (2DM)-based quantum emitters have shown to be an attractive class of single-photon emitters owing to their spectral brightness, room temperature operation, site-specific engineering capabilities, and their tunability with external electric and strain fields. Here, we demonstrate a novel approach to precisely align and embed hexagonal Boron Nitride (hBN) with background-free silicon nitride microring resonators. Through the Purcell effect, our emitters exhibit a cavity-enhanced spectral coupling efficiency of 46% at room temperature that surpasses the theoretical limit for cavity-free waveguide-emitter coupling and prior demonstrations by nearly an order of magnitude. In addition, we simulate the projected performance of a 2DM-quantum emitter-cavity system using solutions to the Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian for a two-level system in a cavity. Our simulations highlight that with further optimization of the intrinsic quality factors of the platform the low emission silicon nitride-2DM platform can become a viable contender for future on-demand on-chip scalable quantum photonic light sources. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 4:12PM - 4:24PM |
W66.00007: Light emission from strongly driven many-body systems Andrea Pizzi, Alexey Gorlach, Nicholas Rivera, Andreas Nunnenkamp, Ido Kaminer Strongly driven systems of emitters offer an attractive source of light over broad spectral ranges up to the X-ray region. A key limitation of these systems is that the light they emit is for the most part classical. We challenge this paradigm by building a quantum-optical theory of strongly driven many-body systems, showing that the presence of correlations among the emitters creates emission of nonclassical many-photon states of light. We consider the example of high-harmonic generation (HHG), by which a strongly driven system emits photons at integer multiples of the drive frequency. In the conventional case of uncorrelated emitters, the harmonics are in an almost perfectly multi-mode coherent state lacking any correlation between harmonics. By contrast, a correlation of the emitters prior to the strong drive is converted onto nonclassical features of the output light, including doubly-peaked photon statistics, ring-shaped Wigner functions, and quantum correlations between harmonics. We propose schemes for implementing these concepts – creating the correlations between emitters via an interaction between them or their joint interaction with the background electromagnetic field (as in superradiance). By tuning the time at which these processes are interrupted by the strong drive, one can control the amount of correlations between the emitters, and correspondingly the deviation of the emitted light from a classical state. Our work paves the way towards the engineering of novel many-photon states of light over a broadband spectrum of frequencies, and suggests HHG as a diagnostic tool for characterizing correlations in many-body systems with attosecond temporal resolution. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 4:24PM - 4:36PM |
W66.00008: Quantum Properties of Colloidal CsPbBr3 quantum dots and coupling to SiN Bullseye cavity. Purbita Purkayastha, Yuxi Jiang, James Sadighian, Shaun Gallagher, Edo Waks, David Ginger Many colloidal quantum dot systems like the organic and inorganic perovskites have received huge attention in quantum information science and engineering in recent days because of their relatively easy synthesis, efficient quantum light emitting properties, ease of photonic integration with other substrates and scalability. We investigate the low temperature behavior of single CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots. We observe the exciton fine structure splitting of the triplet and singlet states under magnetic field in Voigt geometry. The magnetic field breaks the rotational symmetry and we observe increased separation of the states with increasing field strength due to mixing of bright and dark energy levels. To enhance the emission intensity and lifetime, we design a suspended mode matched silicon nitride bullseye cavity and integrate the colloidal perovskites from the top surface. We study the quantum properties of these colloidal dots after cavity integration |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 4:36PM - 4:48PM |
W66.00009: Tuning the probability distribution of a quantum bistable optical system Charles Roques-Carmes, Yannick Salamin, Jamison M Sloan, Gustavo Velez, Ethan Koskas, Seou Choi, Nicholas Rivera, Steven E Kooi, John D Joannopoulos, Marin Soljacic Probabilistic computing based on electronic implementations has shown promising applications in integer factorization and other types of combinatorial problems. Its key building block, a probabilistic bit (p-bit), consists of a tunable random number generator whose probability distribution can be tailored on-demand. We demonstrate an optical p-bit based on the spontaneous symmetry breaking of a bi-stable system. Optical parametric oscillators (OPO) are bistable nonlinear systems in which the phase of a down-converted signal ω can take two discrete values (0 or π). The randomness of the measured phase originates from the quantum vacuum field and is therefore truly random. We show coherent control of the OPO's phase probability distribution, exhibiting a continuous transition from purely random (50/50 distribution of 0/π phase) to purely deterministic (phase determined by the bias field). We first confirm that the two possible phases occur with equal probability, verifying the randomness dictated by the vacuum field fluctuations. We then introduce a controlled bias field at the signal frequency ω into the optical cavity to skew the probability distribution, showing continuous tuning of the signal's output phase distribution, as a function of the phase offset between the bias and pump fields. Optical probabilistic computing schemes should enable orders-of-magnitude speed enhancements on challenging tasks such as inference in Bayesian neural networks and combinatorial optimization. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 4:48PM - 5:00PM |
W66.00010: Coupling-type-dependent selection rule in the deep strong-coupling regime Tomohiro Shitara, Kazuki Koshino The quantum Rabi model describes the fundamental interaction between a two-level system and an electromagnetic mode in a resonator. One of the characteristic features of the quantum Rabi model is that it breaks the gauge symmetry, and such a breakdown becomes important in the deep-strong coupling regime, where the coupling strength is comparable to or even greater than the transition energies of the two-level system and resonator. We find that, apart from the well-known parity selection rule, there exists another type of selection rule. The selection rule is coupling-type dependent in the sense that whether it applies or not depends on the phase of quadrature through which the resonator is coupled to the waveguide, which originates from the breakdown of gauge symmetry. We demonstrate this selection rule by calculating the transmission coefficients in the one-tone and two-tone spectroscopy experiments. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 5:00PM - 5:12PM |
W66.00011: Reciprocal Asymptotically Decoupled Hamiltonian for use in Arbitrary Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics Potentials Michael A Taylor, Braden M Weight, Pengfei Huo This work provides a novel and rigorously derived representation for quantum electrodynamics (QED) Hamiltonians that efficiently converges for arbitrarily strong coupling strengths and is naturally applicable to periodic systems. Until now, light-matter Hamiltonians have been designed for small, finite, molecular systems, and they struggle to cheaply simulate solid-state, periodic systems in a cavity. Additionally, the computational cost for calculating the eigenspectra using most existing Hamiltonians scales very poorly with increasing coupling strength. With the introduction of the Reciprocal Asymptotically Decoupled (RAD) Hamiltonian, this work mitigates both of these difficulties. By explicitly working in reciprocal space, this unique representation can accurately describe periodic systems inside an optical cavity with a much smaller electronic basis set than typical Hamiltonians, while requiring only a few Fock states to converge for arbitrarily strong coupling strengths. Additionally, this work contains numerical results for both localized and periodic models. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 5:12PM - 5:24PM |
W66.00012: Enhancing the production of photonic Cooper pairs from room-temperature Raman scattering Sanker Timsina, Filomeno S. de Aguiar Júnor, Sahar Gholami Milani, Alexandre Brolo, Rogério de Sousa Raman scattering may generate entangled photon pairs when the same excitation created during a Stokes process is annihilated by another incoming photon. This correlated Stokes-anti-Stokes (SaS) process can also occur due to the exchange of virtual phonons and the entangled photon pairs generated in this way are called photonic cooper pairs [1]. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 5:24PM - 5:36PM |
W66.00013: Tip-enhanced strong coupling of single emitters at room temperature for quantum coherent control Benjamin G Whetten, Matthew A Pelton, Vijin Kizhake Veetil, Markus B Raschke Quantum applications of single emitters are limited by dephasing and have relied on microcavities at low temperature to overcome decoherence. In contrast, plasmonic nanocavities achieve strong light-matter coupling at room temperature due to their deep sub-diffraction mode volumes, clearing a path towards coherent control of quantum emitters under ambient conditions. Here, using plasmonic Au nano-tips manipulated with atomic force microscopy based, sub-nm precision, above a Au substrate, a tunable nano-cavity is formed. In tip-enhanced strong coupling (TESC) of single quantum emitters at room temperature we demonstrate coupling strengths greater than 180 meV with single CdSe/ZnS quantum dots from photoluminescence emission. Additionally, we characterize hybridized energy states across multiple quantum dot measurements, with photon statistics and lifetimes determined from time correlated single photon measurements. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 5:36PM - 5:48PM |
W66.00014: A platform for cavity QED studies of silicon-vacancy center in the good cavity limit Shuhao Wu, Abigail Pauls, Xinzhu Li, Hailin Wang Cavity QED systems of color centers such as silicon-vacancy (SiV) centers in diamond provide an experimental platform for the implementation of quantum networks. Considerable successes, including the demonstration of key ingredients of quantum networks, have been achieved with the use of photonic crystal optical resonators, which operate in the bad-cavity limit due to the large decay rate of the optical modes. Here, we report the development of an alternative experimental platform, which takes advantage of high Q-factor whispering gallery optical modes (WGMs) in a silica resonator. In this system, SiV centers in a 100 nm thick diamond membrane couple to evanescent fields of WGMs in a silica microsphere. Stretch tuning of the WGMs is used to control the detuning between a SiV center and a WGM. We show that this cavity QED system can operate in the good-cavity limit, for which the cavity linewidth is small compared with both the SiV linewidth and the single-photon dipole coupling rate. Additional experimental results on the coupling between a single SiV center and a WGM will also be presented. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 5:48PM - 6:00PM |
W66.00015: Magnetospectroscopic Evidence for the Magnonic Superradiant Phase Transition in Erbium Orthoferrite Dasom Kim, Motoaki Bamba, Kenji Hayashida, Joongmok Park, Xinwei Li, Wanting Yang, Xiaoxuan Ma, Di Cheng, Richard H Kim, Liang Luo, Henry O Everitt, Shixun Cao, JIGANG Wang, Junichiro Kono The superradiant phase transition (SRPT) occurs when the strength of the cooperative coupling of an ensemble of two-level atoms with a bosonic excitation exceeds a critical value, creating a new ground state that possesses a finite atomic polarization with concomitant boson condensation. Photonic SRPTs have been realized only in nonequilibrium situations. Recently, a magnonic SRPT has been theoretically demonstrated for erbium orthoferrite, ErFeO3, in thermal equilibrium. This material consists of two subsystems: (i) Er3+ ions, which can be viewed as an ensemble of two-level atoms, and (ii) Fe3+ ions with magnons, which are bosonic excitations. Ultrastrong coupling between the two subsystems causes a SRPT, inducing condensation of Fe3+ magnons and an Er3+ spin polarization. Here, we provide experimental evidence for the phase transition through GHz magnetospectroscopy. We varied the detuning between the lowest Er3+ atomic transition and the Fe3+ magnon excitation via an applied DC magnetic field. This process is equivalent to the threshold modulation of the Er3+–Fe3+ coupling strength for the SRPT, which allows us to measure a rapid decrease of the resonance frequency of Er3+ spins as the system crosses the superradiant-to-normal phase boundary. Our measurements relied on minute temperature changes of an ErFeO3 crystal owing to spin–lattice coupling, by which we were able to precisely monitor peak positions as a function of magnetic field. |
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