Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2023
Volume 68, Number 3
Las Vegas, Nevada (March 5-10)
Virtual (March 20-22); Time Zone: Pacific Time
Session W64: Noisy Hardware Applications III |
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Sponsoring Units: DQI Chair: Erik J. Gustafson, Fermilab Room: Room 415 |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 3:00PM - 3:12PM |
W64.00001: Trapped ion quantum computers: challenges and opportunities Crystal Noel, Alexander Kozhanov, Marko Cetina, Christopher Monroe At the Duke Quantum Center, we have designed and built multiple generations of state-of-the-art research quantum computer systems. By using long chains of ions and optical addressing, we achieve all-to-all connectivity of the ion qubits with a broad and highly expressive set of multi-qubit gate operations. Earlier systems (upon which subsequent design is based) have shown high fidelity gates on 20+ fully connected qubits, with demonstrated applications in error correction and other algorithms. In this talk, I will highlight recent system development as well as plans for future quantum computing and simulation devices. I will also discuss plans for scaling up to many qubits and how we might address challenges to doing so. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 3:12PM - 3:24PM |
W64.00002: Experimental Implementation of an Efficient Test of Quantumness Laura Lewis, Daiwei Zhu, Alexandru Gheorghiu, Crystal Noel, Or Katz, Bahaar Harraz, Qingfeng Wang, Andrew Risinger, Lei Feng, Debopriyo Biswas, Laird Egan, Thomas Vidick, Marko Cetina, Christopher Monroe A test of quantum advantage is a protocol in which a quantum device succeeds in challenges issued to it by a classical challenger and in which no efficient classical algorithm can also succeed in those challenges, under certain cryptographic assumptions. However, with the limited number of qubits on current devices, a true demonstration of quantum advantage can be difficult to implement. A reasonable first step towards this ultimate goal is to instead consider protocols which certify non-classical behavior. Recent attempts to implement such tests on current quantum computers rely on either interactive challenges with efficient verification, or non-interactive challenges with inefficient (exponential time) verification. In this paper, we execute an efficient non-interactive test of quantumness on an ion-trap quantum computer. Specifically, we perform a proof-of-principle demonstration of the protocol from Brakerski, et al 2020, which uses cryptographic primitives to certify non-classical behavior. Our results significantly exceed the bound for the success of a classical device, illustrating the non-classical behavior required of the quantum device. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 3:24PM - 3:36PM |
W64.00003: Statistics of Classical Nonlinear Dynamical Systems Obtained from Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum Devices Dingding Wei, John B Marston, Brenda M Rubenstein Classical nonlinear dynamical systems are often characterized by their steady state probability distribution functions (PDFs). The PDF can be obtained by the accumulation of statistics, or more directly as a solution to the linear Fokker-Planck Equation (FPE). However, except in special cases, the FPE cannot be solved analytically, thus necessitating computational approaches. The increasing availability of NISQ devices motivates us to investigate their utility in this context. We use the Quantum Phase Estimation algorithm to obtain the stationary solution of the FPE, apart from information about the sign of the amplitudes. We implement the algorithm on an 11-qubit device built by IonQ and test the case of the one-dimensional nonlinear Ornstein-Uhlenbeck systems. Results from quantum computing are presented along with the methods used for error correction, highlighting both the possibility of solving the FPE on quantum devices and challenges that remain. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 3:36PM - 3:48PM |
W64.00004: Dealing with noise in digital quantum simulations and variational circuits on a trapped-ion machine Norbert M Linke Our quantum computer consists of a chain of 171Yb+ ions with individual Raman beam addressing and individual readout. This fully connected system can be configured to run any sequence of single- and two-qubit gates, making it in effect an arbitrarily programmable digital quantum computer. The high degree of control can be used for digital, but also for analog and hybrid quantum simulations. We also add a classical optimization layer to our quantum stack to realize variational optimization methods [1]. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 3:48PM - 4:00PM |
W64.00005: Characterizing a non-equilibrium phase transition on a quantum computer Eli Chertkov, Zihan Cheng, Andrew C Potter, Sarang Gopalakrishnan, Thomas M Gatterman, Justin A Gerber, Kevin Gilmore, Dan Gresh, Alex Hall, Aaron Hankin, Mitchell Matheny, Tanner Mengle, David Hayes, Brian Neyenhuis, Russell Stutz, Michael Foss-Feig Quantum many-body systems can exhibit rich universal behavior at the transition between phases of matter, even for systems far from equilibrium. Probing the dynamics of a quantum system undergoing a non-equilibrium phase transition is a difficult task for a classical computer and one that could be done potentially faster on a quantum computer. In this talk, we present our recent work [1] where we use the Quantinuum H1-1 quantum computer to realize a non-equilibrium phase transition in a dissipative quantum circuit generalization of a classical disease spreading model that is known to possess an absorbing state transition. We use techniques such as qubit-reuse [2] and “error avoidance” based on real-time conditional logic to realize a large-scale quantum simulation (of systems with 73 sites time evolved up to 72 circuit layers) with quantitatively accurate signatures of the critical scaling at the phase transition. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 4:00PM - 4:12PM |
W64.00006: Gate-free VQE Exploiting Inter-qubit Parametric Interaction Tongyu Zhao, Chenxu Liu, Ayush Asthana, Xiaoyue Jin, Katarina Cicak, Jose Aumentado, Nicholas Mayhall, Edwin Barnes, Sophia Economou, Raymond W Simmonds As a hybrid quantum simulation algorithm, the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) leverages both quantum and classical computational resource to construct and evolve a target quantum state. In Ref. [1], a gate-free algorithm termed ctrl-VQE was proposed that achieved chemical accuracy through a direct optimization of the laboratory-frame analog control settings. Here, we present experimental work based on a ctrl-VQE algorithm with two parametrically coupled transmons [2]. The flexibility of parametric interactions between the qubits creates a whole toolbox and enables us to arbitrarily and accurately engineer the inter-qubit coupling in-time and is ideally suited to the ctrl-VQE scheme. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 4:12PM - 4:24PM |
W64.00007: Zero noise extrapolation for a small diatomic molecule on a trapped-ion quantum computer Oliver Maupin, Ashlyn D Burch, Christopher G Yale, Peter J Love, Susan M Clark, Brandon P Ruzic, Andrew J Landahl, Kenneth M Rudinger, Antonio E Russo, Daniel S Lobser, Andrew D Baczewski Current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) ion-trap devices are subject to gate errors, particularly for two qubit gates. These errors significantly impact the accuracy of calculations if left unchecked. Zero noise extrapolation techniques such as Richardson extrapolation can reduce these errors without incurring a qubit overhead. We demonstrate and optimize this extrapolation on the quantum scientific computing open user testbed (QSCOUT) ion-trap device to calculate the ground state energy of the HeH+ molecule using the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE). This work uses two methods to scale the noise in our circuits: lengthening the duration of our laser control pulses and discretely inserting gates. Using simulations, we study how to best integrate Richardson extrapolation into an optimization procedure. We further study the effects of the extrapolation order on the accuracy and precision of the final energy estimate to maximize its effectiveness for a given sampling budget. Experimental extrapolation results are mixed; time-stretching the pulse duration does not increase the noise enough to extrapolate, but gate insertions can effectively scale the noise given a large enough sampling overhead. However, these extrapolated results are still sensitive to coherent errors. Further experiments should use more samples and layer additional error mitigation techniques such as Randomized Compiling on top of extrapolation in order to improve estimates. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 4:24PM - 4:36PM |
W64.00008: Investigating the properties of the Homogeneous Electron Gas on small-scale quantum computers Justin G Lietz, Peter Groszkowski, Eduardo A Coello Perez, Markus Eisenbach, Alessandro Baroni, Mariia Karabin The homogeneous electron gas is an idealized system of infinitely many interacting electrons extending infinitely in space. It is an important system to physicists, chemists, and materials scientists to understand properties of large slabs of matter in 2 and 3 dimensions, and as a simple model for metals. In this talk, we will report on the opportunities and limits of many-body calculations of the homogeneous electron gas (HEG) when performed on small-scale quantum computers. In particular, we will employ the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) method to compute a variational approximation to the ground state of the HEG, comparing it to results calculated using standard classical Quantum Monte Carlo approaches. We will discuss the performance and limitations of choosing different basis types, and ansatzes, and report on results obtained using two different platforms (based on superconducting circuits as well as trapped-ions). |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 4:36PM - 4:48PM |
W64.00009: Efficiently Simulating the Benzene Molecule on Trapped-Ion Quantum Computers using a Variational Quantum Eigensolver with Unitary Coupled Cluster with Singles and Doubles Luning Zhao, Joshua Goings, Titus Morris, Jacek Jakowski, Raphael Pooser
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Thursday, March 9, 2023 4:48PM - 5:00PM |
W64.00010: Geometric Phase Interference around Engineered Conical Intersections in Trapped Ions Jacob H Whitlow, Zhubing Jia, Chao Fang, Ye Wang, Jungsang Kim, Kenneth R Brown Conical intersections (CIs) are an ever-present phenomenon in chemistry and molecular physics that mark the crossing of energy levels on an adiabatic potential energy surface (PES). Around such intersections, the Born-Oppenheimer approximation breaks down and the coupling between electronic and nuclear coordinates becomes important. Thus, efficiently simulating the dynamics in the vicinity of CIs is an important and open problem. Another notable phenomenon is the geometric phase that accumulates when a wave function loops around CIs on a PES. Such a phase depends only the direction of travel and the solid angle encompassed by the loop with respect to the CI and can have non-trivial effects on the dynamics of the molecule. Meanwhile, trapped atomic ions have proven to be a robust platform for performing quantum simulations of molecules. Manipulation of the internal states and the motion is made possible by light-matter interactions using lasers. These can be mapped to the internal states and nuclear parameters of simple molecules. With this tool, we present a scheme for engineering a CI in trapped ions systems and demonstrating controllable geometric phase interference by using an appropriate initial state and adiabatic evolution. The final state will have a characteristic shape marked by interference between parts of the wave function that took different paths around the CI. Finally, we will present experimental measurements of the spatial distribution and compare the results to numerical calculations. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 5:00PM - 5:12PM |
W64.00011: Simulating CO2 adsorption on metal-organic frameworks using NISQ hardware and cuQuantum Jonathan R Owens Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), porous 3D surfaces consisting of a metallic core and organic ligands, are a leading class of materials for solid adsorbents for carbon capture and sequestration (CCS). A key challenge in their practical realization for this purpose is the huge number of possible structures and configurations, along with highly-variable adsorption performance for CCS. While traditional condensed matter methods, like density functional theory and molecular dynamics, can provide insights and predictions of the viability of particular MOFs for CCS, they are strongly correlated systems, making them a prime candidate for more accurate quantum chemistry simulations on a quantum computer. Though noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era QPUs do not have the qubit counts to simulate large systems, smaller, proof-of-concept experiments can be performed to start to understand what advantages quantum computers may provide. We here present some results from the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) to estimate the ground-state energy of isolated MOF components to characterize their performance in CO2 capture, using both NISQ era hardware and state-vector and tensor network simulations using NVIDIA's cuQuantum simulation toolkit. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 5:12PM - 5:24PM |
W64.00012: Simulating quantum chemical dynamics on ion-trap quantum computers Debadrita Saha, Melissa C Revelle, Jeremy M Smith, Philip Richerme, Amr Sabry, Srinivasan S Iyengar The quantum mechanical treatment of both electrons and nuclei is critical for a wide range of chemical, biological, and atmospheric problems. Such studies, however, are deeply limited by the steep algebraic scaling of electron correlation methods, coupled with the exponential scaling in studying quantum nuclear dynamics. Recently, with the experimental and algorithmic developments in quantum computing, considerable progress has been made in the study of electronic structure on quantum hardware. We, here, provide a theoretical framework, along with experimental verification, that allows for the simulation of quantum nuclear dynamics on ion-trap quantum devices. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 5:24PM - 5:36PM |
W64.00013: Polarized light-induced electron transfer simulation on the Yb171+ qutrit system Ke Sun, Chao Fang, Kenneth R Brown, Jungsang Kim The study of electron transfer is helpful to understand energy conversion, signaling as well as catalysis in living and non-living systems. Quantum effects play an important role in the electron transfer processes. The connectivity between electronic states and the interference of different paths will influence the electron transfer efficiency a lot. In nature, the interference due to the quantum effect in the electron transfer process is hard to observe due to the fast decoherence and strict requirements of degeneracies. The trapped-ion simulator, which processes long coherence time and adjustable flexibility, can offer an efficient platform to implement or predict the quantum interference process. Moreover, compared to the typical way of using qubits (two-level system) to simulate the electron transfer process, utilizing qudits (d-level system) can potentially decrease the experimental time and enhance the quantum coherence. Thus, the simulation fidelity will be improved by a large amount. In this talk, I will present the experimental results of simulating the polarized light-induced electron transfer on the Yb171+ qutrit (3-level system) system. The coherence performance will be improved by more than 100 times compared to the qubits. |
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