Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2023
Volume 68, Number 3
Las Vegas, Nevada (March 5-10)
Virtual (March 20-22); Time Zone: Pacific Time
Session T72: Crystal Defects Beyond Nitrogen Vacancy Centers |
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Sponsoring Units: DQI Chair: Juanita Bocquel, University of Basel Room: Room 406 |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 11:30AM - 11:42AM |
T72.00001: Toward Quantum-Enhanced Interferometric Telescopy David O Diaz, Yujie Zhang, Yunkai Wang, Virginia O Lorenz, Paul G Kwiat We emulate one version of quantum-enhanced telescopy through cross-connected Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometers that are fed with both astronomical and terrestrial photons. We use spontaneous parametric down-conversion to produce two photons in different paths that represent our "astronomical" and "terrestrial" source. This allows us to take measurements on a system under the assumption that we have properly filtered an astronomical photon and also effectively increases our single photon rates for tabletop demonstration. To witness the desired fringes, we synchronize the photons' arrival time at each telescope to obtain two-photon interference, where we maximize the visibility to ensure high indistinguishability per telescope. From the interference fringes across telescopes we can determine the coherence between different pairs of telescopes. One benefit of using a distributed local oscillator over direct detection interference of the astronomical photons is the ability to match unbalanced telescope inputs, optimizing the visibility amplitude recovery. We also can compare different terrestrial sources, showing the advantage of single photons over a weak coherent source as the distributed local oscillator. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 11:42AM - 11:54AM |
T72.00002: Quantum precision limits of displacement noise free interferometers Rajashik Tarafder, Tuvia Gefen, rana X adhikari, Yanbei Chen Current laser-interferometric gravitational wave detectors suffer from a fundamental limit to their precision due to the displacement noise of optical elements contributed by various sources. Several schemes for Displacement-Noise Free Interferometers (DFI) have been proposed to mitigate their effects. The idea behind these schemes is similar to decoherence-free subspaces in quantum sensing i.e. certain modes contain information about the gravitational waves but are insensitive to the displacement noise. In this paper we derive quantum precision limits for general DFI schemes, including optimal measurement basis and optimal squeezing schemes. We introduce a triangular cavity DFI scheme and apply our general bounds to it. Precision analysis of this scheme with different noise models shows that the DFI property leads to interesting sensitivity profiles and improved precision due to noise mitigation and larger gain from squeezing. Further extensions of this scheme are presented. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 11:54AM - 12:06PM Author not Attending |
T72.00003: Optimized multiphoton absorption measurements in nonlinear interferometers Shahram Panahiyan, Maria V Chekhova, Frank Schlawin, Carlos S Muñoz In nonlinear interferometers, the passive beam splitters of linear interferometers are replaced by optical parametric amplifiers (OPA). These nonlinear interferometers have been utilized for applications such as sensing, enhancing the resolution in imaging and spectroscopy [1]. In our study, we investigate the precision of the cross-section measurements of multiphoton absorption with a nonlinear interferometer. In our setup, a multiphoton absorbing sample is placed between two OPAs which are used to (un)squeeze an input state of light. We devise a strategy in which a massive enhancement in the precision of the cross-section measurements at large photon numbers compared to the classical measurements can be obtained [2]. This enhancement is realized by the optimization of the properties of the light fields inside the interferometer. The enhancement is robust against some experimental imperfections and enables the detection of multiphoton absorption at significantly lower excitation intensities compared to classical methods. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 12:06PM - 12:18PM |
T72.00004: Modeling of Cascaded Phase Sensing in Optical Fiber Using Squeezed Light Gregory R Krueper, Lior Cohen, Joshua Combes, Juliet T Gopinath, Robert Mellors, Stephen B Libby, Michael J Messerly A key aspect of quantum optics and quantum metrology is the ability to measure beyond the classical (shot-noise) limit with certain photonic states. We present a layout for squeezing-enhanced multiparameter phase sensing in optical fibers. This sensor has its measurable phases in series, or cascaded, with evenly spaced Bragg reflectors defining the regions of fiber for those phase shifts. We discuss our model of this sensor, and how a bidirectional input configuration realizes nearly all of the potential enhancement from using squeezed light. Moreover, this quantum enhancement persists when these phases are highly correlated. Scaling up to many phases is feasible with a similarly large number of input pulses. This novel approach offers new perspectives on distributed fiber sensing and on multiparameter quantum metrology. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 12:18PM - 12:30PM |
T72.00005: Estimating optical frequency difference using optimized coherent detection Jonathan Habif, Federico M Spedalieri, Aidan McCall Recent results in quantum parameter estimation using optical signals have shown that long accepted precision limits (like the Rayleigh criterion) are just an artifact of using a suboptimal measurement. In many tasks, the quantum Fisher information is larger than the Fisher information associated with traditional receivers, such as direct detection. Depending on the parameter to be estimated, implementing the optimal measurement may be experimentally demanding. However, simpler measurements, though suboptimal, could still be superior to the traditional detection strategies. To that end, we theoretically and experimentally investigate the quantum limit for two tasks of interest when we are measuring the spectral properties of two similar photon-starved optical signals with overlapping spectra. First, we compute the classical and quantum Chernoff bound for discriminating between the two states. Second, we analyze a modified coherent detection scheme to estimate the frequency separation between the two signals when they are incoherently combined, optimizing the spectral shape of the local oscillator to improve the estimation precision of the measurement. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 12:30PM - 12:42PM |
T72.00006: Using Frequency Combs to Connect Homodyne and Heterodyne Detection NOAH LORDI Homodyne and heterodyne measurements are incredibly important tools in both the optical and microwave regime. Traditionally these measurements utilize a continuous wave (CW) coherent source called the local oscillator (LO) that mixes with the signal and effectively amplifies the output. We will relax the assumption that the local oscillator is CW and instead investigate the possibilities of a frequency comb LO. To do this we must create a fully time-dependent treatment of homodyne detection. We have derived the Kraus operators and positive operator valued measures (POVMs) for these measurements giving us a complete picture of the process. Using these mechanisms we can analyze the traditional homodyne and heterodyne limits as well as create new types of measurements. One such measurement we are calling discrete heterodyne where elements of both homodyne and heterodyne are present in different frequency regimes |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 12:42PM - 12:54PM |
T72.00007: Silicon Vacancy Centers in Diamond for Quantum Sensing Minghao Li, Josh A Zuber, Zi-Huai Zhang, Marietta Batzer, Marcel.li Grimau, Jodok Happacher, Brendan Shields, Nathalie P de Leon, Patrick Maletinsky Silicon vacancy centers (SiV), especially negatively charged SiV (SiV-), in diamond have recently emerged as a promising platform for quantum sensing. The advantages over other well-established quantum sensors are twofold. First, their stability, excellent optical properties and long spin coherence time at cryogenic temperature extend the applicability of diamond-based quantum sensors to extreme conditions. Second, it offers the option of all-optical manipulation of its spin states, allowing the application where the use of microwaves is restricted. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 12:54PM - 1:06PM |
T72.00008: Single-spin readout using optomechanically induced transparency: Application to readout of silicon-vacancy defects in diamond Martin Koppenhoefer, Carl Padgett, Jeffrey V Cady, Viraj Dharod, Hyunseok Oh, Ania C Bleszynski Jayich, Aashish A Clerk Solid-state defects are promising candidates to build quantum communication networks as well as powerful and versatile quantum sensors due to their small footprint and susceptibility to a variey of sensing targets. While some solid-state defects have excellent optical properties, others still lack a versatile method for high-fidelity single-shot optical readout. Yet, some of these defects couple to strain in the host material, which allows one to control the defect's state or even mechanical motion of the host material. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 1:06PM - 1:18PM |
T72.00009: Greatly Enhanced Emission from Spin Defects in Hexagonal Boron Nitride Enabled by a Low-Loss Plasmonic Nano-Cavity Abhishek Bharatbhai B Solanki, Xiaohui Xu, Demid Sychev, Xingyu Gao, Samuel Peana, Aleksandr Baburin, Karthik Pagadala, Zachariah O Martin, Sarah Nahar Chowdhury, Yong P Chen, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, Ilya Rodionov, Alexander V Kildishev, Tongcang Li, Pramey Upadhyaya, Alexandra Boltasseva, Vladimir M Shalaev The negatively charged boron vacancy (V_B^-) spin defects in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) have attracted significant attention due to their potential applications in the development of ultrathin quantum sensors. However, their development is stymied by their poor quantum efficiency. Previous works have demonstrated intensity enhancement with plasmonics and dielectric cavities; however, the enhancement reported to date is relatively modest. In this work, we demonstrate 1685-times enhancement of photoluminescence (PL) intensity by coupling the defects with nano-plasmonic cavities. We take advantage of low-loss epitaxial silver films and shallow implantation of defects to maximize PL enhancement. This development combined with preserved spin contrast can enable practical quantum sensors ~3nm distances from materials of interest. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 1:18PM - 1:30PM |
T72.00010: Wide Field Imaging of Intrinsic Spin Fluctuations in van der Waals Ferromagnet by Spin Defects in Hexagonal Boron Nitride Mengqi Huang, Jingcheng Zhou, Di Chen, Hanyi Lu, Nathan J McLaughlin, Senlei Li, Mohammed A Alghamdi, Dziga Djugba, Jing Shi, Hailong Wang, Chunhui R Du Recently, spin defects in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) have emerged as a prominent candidate for implementing state-of-the-art quantum sensing research with optimal spatial and field sensitivity. Many of these advantages result from the remarkable compatibility to device integration and improved versatility for establishing nanoscale proximity with objects of interest. Taking advantage of boron vacancy spin defects in hBN, here we report nanoscale quantum imaging of low-dimensional ferromagnetism sustained in Fe3GeTe2/hBN van der Waals heterostructures. Using spin relaxometry methods, we have observed spatially varying magnetic fluctuations in the exfoliated Fe3GeTe2 flake, whose magnitude reaches a peak value around the Curie temperature, in consistent with the expected ferromagnetic phase transition. Our results demonstrate the capability of two-dimensional spin defects of investigating local magnetic properties of layered materials in an accessible and precise way, providing new opportunities for developing next-generation, transformative quantum sensing metrology. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 1:30PM - 1:42PM |
T72.00011: Silicon vacancy center based magnetometry in isotopically purified 4H-SiC Ignas Lekavicius, Samuel G Carter, Daniel Pennachio, Jenifer Hajzus, Samuel White, Andrew Purdy, D. Kurt Gaskill, Andrew L Yeats, Rachael L Myers-Ward Point defects in solid state materials are promising systems in the fields of quantum information, communications and sensing. Particular to sensing, defects with coherent spin transitions are exceptionally suited for high sensitivity, room temperature magnetic sensing at ambient conditions. Applications involving magnetic sensing with point defects have mostly been dominated by the nitrogen vacancy center in diamond, which possesses an excellent combination of spin coherence at room temperature as well as spin initialization and readout. However, spin defects in other materials have been explored as alternatives, especially in industrially mature materials such as silicon carbide. In this work we report on the improved sensitivity of a magnetic sensor system utilizing an ensemble of silicon vacancies in silicon carbide due to isotopic purification of the host crystal. A maximum sensitivity of 4 nT/√Hz is reported, limited by laser amplitude noise and external magnetic field noise. Additional sensing modalities such as angle resolved imaging and highly tunable broadband sensing are also reported. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 1:42PM - 1:54PM |
T72.00012: Nanomechanical Lithium Niobate on Silicon Resonators for Single Molecule Sensing Matthew P Maksymowych, Oliver A Hitchcock, Sultan Malik, Wentao Jiang, Felix M Mayor, Amir H Safavi-Naeini Nanomechanical systems offer exceptional sensitivity for inertial mass spectrometry and quantum sensing. Sensing applications in single-cell proteomics and metabolomics would require high frequency and quality factor mechanical resonators multiplexed en masse. In this work, we demonstrate the transduction of GHz silicon nanomechanical resonators via mechanical coupling to a thin-film lithium niobate (LN) mode. Strain in the LN is read out piezoelectrically through a high kinetic inductance frequency-tunable superconducting microwave resonator. By implementing an acoustic radiation shield, we can observe high intrinsic mechanical quality factors for silicon modes which have very low effective masses. This technology offers a promising path towards high resolution scalable mass sensing. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 1:54PM - 2:06PM |
T72.00013: Project Mjolnir: High efficiency real time mass separator and ion trap for Thorium-229 Jason T Harke, Barbara Alan, Aaron Hellinger, Aaron Tamashiro, Jeremias Garcia-Duarte, Yonatan Mishnayot, William Dunn Mjolnir has been developed over the course of nearly a decade of research searching for the Thorium-229m isomer's exact energy. The isomer is of high interest as it could potentially be used as a nuclear clock transition with unprecedented precision. A low energy mass separator and ion trap for the real time separation and trapping of radioactive Thorium-229m isotopes has been developed to study the ~7.8 eV isomer transition. The apparatus consists of an ultra-high purity helium buffered electrostatic recoil gas stopper and RF carpet to guide ions from a radioactive source to the exit aperture. A natural helium jet created at the exit imparts momentum to the ions. The ions enter a large acceptance radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) ion guide which has a DC gradient applied to it. The ions are cooled in the residual helium buffer gas are damped and collimated and continuously injected into a radio frequency quadrupole mass separator (QMS). Ions are mass and charge selected in the QMS and exit into another RFQ for further beam collimation and cooling before being introduced into a linear ion trap. The entire apparatus has been designed to be able to continuously load the ion trap with Thorium-229/229m. The ion trap is physically small allowing a large solid angle to be covered by detectors to study of short-lived isomer decay. Project Mjolnir's latest status and results will be presented. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 2:06PM - 2:18PM |
T72.00014: Wide Field Imaging of Low-dimensional Magnetism by 2D Spin Defects Jingcheng Zhou, Mengqi Huang, Di Chen, Hanyi Lu, Nathan J McLaughlin, Senlei Li, Mohammed A Alghamdi, Dziga Djugba, Jing Shi, Hailong Wang, Chunhui R Du Quantum sensing using atomic spin defects serves as a transformative method to explore the local magnetic properties of solid-state systems with optimal spatial and field sensitivity. The flourishing catalog of van der Waals two-dimensional (2D) materials has provided a diverse new playground to enrich this field. In comparison with their conventional counterparts imbedded in three-dimensional solid-state-media, spin defects hosted by 2D materials exhibit improved versatility and remarkable compatibility to device integration. In this work, we report nanoscale quantum sensing and imaging of exfoliated 2D ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2 flakes by boron vacancy spin defects in an adjacent hexagonal boron nitride capping layer. Exploiting the wide field magnetometry method, we directly imaged the local magnetic texture of the Fe3GeTe2 flake and its characteristic temperature and field dependent magnetization evolution behavior. We highlight that the presented quantum sensing platform can be extended naturally to a large family of miniaturized 2D van der Waals heterostructures, bringing ample opportunities to the forefront research of quantum material and quantum sensing. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 2:18PM - 2:30PM |
T72.00015: High-throughput search reveals spin defects in CaO Joel Davidsson, Christian W Vorwerk, Giulia Galli Recent work estimates CaO to be a suitable host material for quantum applications with a considerable T2 time (34 ms) [1]. However, point defects remain unexplored in this material. Hence, we generate and screen 9077 single and double defects in CaO using the high-throughput ab-initio software ADAQ [2]. One class of defects stands out with their stability, spin-1, and zero-phonon lines. These defects are verified by additional quantum embedding simulations [3]. In this presentation, we explore these defects in detail and show that CaO is an emerging material for quantum applications. |
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