Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2023
Volume 68, Number 3
Las Vegas, Nevada (March 5-10)
Virtual (March 20-22); Time Zone: Pacific Time
Session T65: Photonics and Applications |
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Sponsoring Units: DAMOP Chair: Gehad Sadiek, University of Sharjah Room: Room 414 |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 11:30AM - 11:42AM |
T65.00001: Localization landscape and mobility edge in polaritonic lattices Sudheesh Srivastava, Gustavo M Machado Monteiro, Ravindra Kumar Yadav, Sriram Ganeshan, Vinod M Menon Polariton systems have emerged as a promising and highly tunable platform to construct simulators for various condensed-matter models. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 11:42AM - 11:54AM |
T65.00002: Direct observation of dynamics of photonic bound states Alisa Javadi, Natasha Tomm, Sahand Mahmoodian, Nadia O Antoniadis, Rüdiger Schott, Sasha Valentin, Andreas D Wieck, Arne Ludwig, Richard J Warburton Cavity-QED provides an effective route to modifying photon statistics and forming exotic quantum states of photons. The prerequisite to this is a very efficient coupling between photons and a quantum emitter. In this contribution, we use a quantum dot in a tunable microcavity to achieve pronounced interaction between optical photons [1]. We observe a strong nonlinearity in the transmission of the cavity with an on-set at an average of 0.25 photons per lifetime of the emitter. The nonlinearity means that the light-matter interaction depends strongly on the number of photons impinging on the two-level system [2]. We report the direct observation of a photon-number-dependent time delay in the transmission of the system. We observe that single photons, and two- and three-photon bound states incur different time delays of 144 ps, 66 ps and 45 ps, respectively. The reduced time delay of the two-photon bound state is a fingerprint of stimulated emission happening at the quantum level; the arrival of two photons within the lifetime of an emitter causes one photon to stimulate the emission of the other from the atom. We also determine the wave function of the two-photon bound state, which matches the theoretical predictions. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 11:54AM - 12:06PM |
T65.00003: Coupling Silicon defect centers to photonic structures Vijin Kizhake Veetil, Matthew A Pelton, Marcelo Davanco, Kartik Srinivasan, Joshua Pomeroy, Pradeep N Namboodiri, Nikki Ebadollahi Coupling defect centers in silicon to novel photonic structures can significantly enhance their photon collection efficiency and radiative rate, making them a suitable candidate for an efficient and indistinguishable single-photon source. Recent studies have demonstrated spin-defect centers in silicon as a viable photon-spin interface due to the long spin lifetime, emission in the telecommunication O-band and CMOS-compatible host material. Single photon emission from many families of radiation damage centers, namely G centers, W centers, T centers, and so on, have been shown to give stable near-IR emission at low temperatures. However, many of the fundamental photophysical properties of these emitters remain unknown or only partially known, including their long-term stability, sensitivity to their environment, carrier dynamics, and linewidths. Moreover, there is not enough evidence on how to effectively and reproducibly generate these defects, and their incorporation into photonic and electronic structures is virtually unexplored. In this talk, we will present the results of our investigation on the G center synthesis and some optical characterization techniques we have employed to determine their saturation power, lifetime, linewidths, etc. Additionally, we look into incorporating G centers into circular grating couplers, also known as Bull's eye structures, to quantify the enhanced photon emission rate and the photon extraction efficiency of the emitters embedded in the central circular region. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 12:06PM - 12:18PM |
T65.00004: Extension of orbital lifetimes of silicon-vacancy centers in diamond using phononic crystals KAZUHIRO KURUMA, Benjamin Pingault, Cleaven Chia, Michael Haas, Graham Joe, Daniel R Assumpcao, Marko Loncar Silicon-vacancy (SiV) centers in diamond are promising solid-state quantum emitters for various quantum photonic applications because of their strong and stable zero phonon line emission and optically accessible spin. However, their spin coherence time is short at 4K, mainly limited by phonon transitions between ground-state orbital branches. In this work, we demonstrate suppression of the phonon transitions by using phononic crystals (PnCs) to control the phonon density of states. We fabricate free-standing 1D PnCs with a complete phononic bandgap using a quasi-isotropic etching technique on single-crystal diamond. We observe a more than ten-fold increase in orbital lifetimes for single SiVs embedded in PnCs compared to SiVs in bulk, with values of up to 500 ns. This result demonstrates the potential of PnCs to control emitter-phonon interactions and paves the way for developing quantum network nodes using SiV centers in PnCs. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 12:18PM - 12:30PM |
T65.00005: Hybrid integration of color centers in nanodiamond with silicon nitride nanophotonics Kinfung Ngan, Shuo Sun Integration of quantum emitters with nanophotonic circuits is crucial for realizing scalable and highly connected multi-qubit photonic chip for quantum information processing. Here, we report our recent experimental progress on hybrid integration of silicon-vacancy centers in nanodiamond with silicon nitride nanophotonics. Enabled by an advanced pick-and-place technique and stepped silicon nitride deposition, we demonstrated deterministic and non-evanescent coupling between silicon-vacancy centers in a preselected nanodiamond and silicon nitride nanophotonic devices. Our method can be applied to virtually any color centers in diamond and pave the way towards high-yield and scalable fabrication of large-scale quantum photonic circuits for the study of many-body quantum physics and photon-mediated entanglement generation. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 12:30PM - 12:42PM |
T65.00006: Topological interactions mediated by Hermitian and non-Hermitian topological light Federico Roccati, Miguel Bello, Aurelia Chenu, Francesco Ciccarello, Angelo Carollo Topology and quantum optics are two fields whose interplay can give rise to new physics [1]. Fractional decay |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 12:42PM - 12:54PM |
T65.00007: Digital Discovery of 100 diverse Quantum Experiments with PyTheus Carlos Ruiz Gonzalez, Sören Arlt, Xuemei Gu, Mario Krenn Photonic technologies are main players in the second quantum revolution, promising better sensors, secure communications, and quantum-enhanced computation. Such endeavors require generating specific quantum states or efficiently performing quantum tasks. The design of the corresponding optical experiments, historically powered by human creativity, is being slowly automated with advanced algorithms, which exploit a graph-based representation of optical setups. Unfortunately, these tools are often restricted to very specific use cases and are difficult to generalize, which limits their practical implementation. To overcome these challenges, we developed PyTheus, a highly-efficient, open-source digital discovery framework that represents a wide range of experimental devices from modern quantum labs. PyTheus produces interpretable designs to solve complex experimental problems, like generating highly entangled quantum states or performing quantum communication protocols. Aiming for the simplest solutions, our software provides inspiration to human researchers, which can often generalize their findings to other systems. Therefore, we hope PyTheus will accelerate the development of quantum optics and related technologies. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 12:54PM - 1:06PM |
T65.00008: Programmable large-scale simulation of bosonic transport in optical synthetic frequency lattices Alen Senanian Photonic simulators using synthetic frequency dimensions have enabled flexible experimental analogues of condensed-matter systems, realizing phenomena that are impractical to observe in real-space systems. However, to date such photonic simulators have been limited in scale, yielding results that suffer from finite-size effects. Here, we present an analog simulator capable of simulating a variety of large two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) lattices, as well as lattices with non-planar connectivity. Our simulator takes advantage of the broad bandwidth achievable in photonics, allowing our experiment to realize programmable lattices with over 100,000 lattice sites. We showcase the scale of our simulator by demonstrating the extension of band-structure spectroscopy from 1D to 2D and 3D lattices, direct observation of time-reversal-symmetry breaking in a 2D triangular lattice in both momentum- and real-space, and site-resolved occupation measurements in a tree-like geometry that serves as a toy model in quantum gravity. We also propose and demonstrate a method to excite arbitrary multi-site states -- in contrast to the current standard approach of single-site excitation -- which we use to study the response of a 2D lattice to both conventional and exotic input states. Our work highlights the scalability and flexibility of optical synthetic frequency dimensions. We anticipate that future experiments building on our approach will be able to explore non-equilibrium phenomenain high-dimensional lattices, and leverage Kerr-frequency-comb technologies to simulate models with non-local higher-order interactions. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 1:06PM - 1:18PM |
T65.00009: Hybrid Integration of GaP Photonic Crystal Cavities with Silicon-Vacancy Centers in Diamond by Stamp Transfer Nicholas S Yama, Srivatsa Chakravarthi, Alexander Abulnaga, Ding Huang, Christian Pederson, Fariba Hatami, Nathalie P de Leon, Kai-Mei C Fu Optically addressable solid-state defects, such as the negatively charged silicon-vacancy (SiV) center in diamond, have shown promise as a platform for quantum networks. For such applications, the integration of the defect with a nanophotonic cavity at high cooperativity (C >> 1) is necessary to operate with high fidelity and efficiency (e.g. via the Purcell effect). However, performing such integration while also maintaining the spectral and charge-state stability of the defect remains a challenge. In this work we demonstrate the fabrication of a gallium phosphide 1-D photonic crystal waveguide cavities which is then integrated with implanted SiV centers in diamond in a hybrid geometry via a stamp-transfer technique. This technique avoids exposure of the diamond to plasma and allows for fine tuning of the cavity resonance prior to transfer, thereby reducing potential damage to the defect environment. The transferred devices have measured quality factors (Q) as high as 8900. We perform time-resolved and resonant excitation photoluminescence spectroscopy of single SiV coupled to a device of Q = 4100 and observe a 3-fold reduction of the SiV excited state lifetime corresponding to an estimated Purcell enhancement exceeding 30 and maximum cooperativity C = 2. These results indicate that hybrid integration is a promising pathway towards quantum networking with solid-state defects. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 1:18PM - 1:30PM |
T65.00010: Engineering dimensionality of collective dipole-dipole interactions in resonant nanophotonic environment Ashwin K Boddeti, Yi Wang, Xitlali Jaurez, Alexander Boltasseva, Hadiseh Alaeian, Teri W Odom, Zubin Jacob In an ensemble of interacting emitters, simultaneously many competing relaxation channels exist for quenching of each quantum emitter by many other randomly distributed |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 1:30PM - 1:42PM |
T65.00011: Classification based on exceptional points in non-Hermitian systems Jung-Wan Ryu, Jae-Ho Han, Chang-Hwan Yi We introduce non-Hermitian phenomena and non-Hermitian degeneracy, i.e., exceptional points, which are ubiquitous in various physical systems. We also discuss classifications of multiple arbitrary-order exceptional points by invoking the permutation group and its conjugacy classes. We classify topological structures of Riemann surfaces generated by multiple states around multiple arbitrary-order exceptional points, using the permutation properties of stroboscopic encircling exceptional points. The results are realized in non-Hermitian effective Hamiltonian based on Jordan normal forms and fully desymmetrized optical microcavities. Finally, we classify the multiple energy bands based on exceptional points. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 1:42PM - 1:54PM |
T65.00012: Simulation and Measurement of AlScN-Based Photonic Devices Valerie Yoshioka, Zichen Tang, Jicheng Jin, Roy H Olsson III, Bo Zhen Scalable production of nonlinear photonic devices would greatly benefit from new CMOS-compatible materials with strong optical nonlinearities. AlScN is one option as higher Sc concentration enhances its second-order optical nonlinearity. However, while it has been used in piezoelectric devices, AlScN has not been utilized in nonlinear photonic devices. Here, we design and measure passive AlScN-based photonic devices as a step towards AlScN-based modulators. The material platform is amorphous silicon (α-Si) on AlScN on sapphire; we use AlScN with 20% Sc to balance enhanced nonlinearity and loss. By etching α-Si to define photonic structures, we can use well-established fabrication procedures. Based on simulations, a thin layer of etched α-Si provides sufficient index contrast to guide light and let it interact with AlScN. We designed grating couplers to efficiently couple the fundamental TM mode into the waveguide, which will allow us to use the largest nonlinear component, d33, in AlScN. Measured waveguide devices have insertion losses around -30 dB, with propagation loss around -10 dB/cm after adding oxide cladding. We also demonstrate a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, which could be used as the passive component of an AlScN-based electro-optic modulator. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 1:54PM - 2:06PM |
T65.00013: Engineering emulsion to form photonic bandgap materials. Weining Man, Remi Dreyfus, Bowen Yu, Lily Traktman, Raphael Jeanneret, Stanislav Osipov Photonic bandgap (PBG) materials are of significant interest in optical applications as they allow better control of light propagation and emission with little loss. Currently, PBM materials are created using a classical top-down approach, which is expensive and not suitable for large-scale fabrication. Creating large-scale quantities in a bottom-up approach of such materials has been a challenge for the last 30 years. A novel class of non-crystalline and isotropic structures, hyperuniform disordered structures (HUDS) have been discovered to provide photonic bandgaps and offer the advantages of functional-defect design freedom not limited by any crystalline symmetry [1,2], even when the dielectric contrast is relatively low [3]. In the presentation, we will show how emulsions can be experimentally assembled into HUDS using hydrodynamics [4,5] and how these emulsions structures can be engineered to create PBG materials. Our photonics simulations reveal how the minimum required dielectric contrast needed to open a PBG depends on the hydrodynamics process and identifies the optimal conditions for PBG formation. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 2:06PM - 2:18PM |
T65.00014: Nanophotonic Phenomena in Mesoscale Dielectric Particles Uttam Manna, Robert Sevik, Dylan D Qualls, Minani Alexis, Brighton X Coe, Diego Abujetas, Mahua Biswas, Jorge Olmos-Trigo Nanophotonic phenomena, such as zero optical back scattering, nonradiating anapole states, etc. are related to the excitation of single dipolar modes – hence so far, they have only been observed in the nanoscale regime at the optical frequencies within a few relatively high-index dielectric materials (refractive index, n > 3). Here, we unravel dipolar regime, demonstrate close-to-zero backscattering, and excite optical anapoles in mid-index titanium di-oxide (TiO2) dielectric spheres (n ~ 2.6) at the mesoscale regime (particle diameter, d ~ incident wavelength, l) under illumination with tightly focused Gaussian beams (TFGBs). We observe successive minima associated with dipolar excitation satisfying the first Kerker condition in the scattering spectra of single TiO2 spheres with diameters in the micrometer range. Moreover, at specific wavelengths, for example l ~ 590 nm for d ~ 0.78 mm, and l ~ 665 nm for d ~ 0.88 mm, the electric and magnetic dipolar scattering amplitudes simultaneously go close-to-zero leading to the excitation of hybrid optical anapoles with the total scattering intensity ~ 5 times weaker for TFGB illumination with numerical aperture, NA ~ 0.95 vs. 0.1. Our results open up new directions of research for the observation of novel optical phenomena and applications in dielectric particles at mesoscale. |
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