Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2023
Volume 68, Number 3
Las Vegas, Nevada (March 5-10)
Virtual (March 20-22); Time Zone: Pacific Time
Session S64: Noisy Hardware Applications IFocus
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Sponsoring Units: DQI Chair: Ziwen Huang, Fermilab Room: Room 415 |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 8:00AM - 8:12AM |
S64.00001: Observing and braiding topological Majorana modes on programmable quantum simulators Nikhil Harle, Oles Shtanko, Ramis Movassagh Despite its great promise of fault tolerance, the simplest demonstration of topological quantum computation remains elusive. Majorana modes are the primitive building blocks and their experimental realization on various platforms is yet to be confirmed. This work presents an experimental and theoretical framework for the space-resolved detection and exchange of Majorana modes on programmable (noisy) quantum hardware. We have implemented our framework by performing a series of measurements on a driven Ising-type quantum spin model with tunable interactions, which confirm the existence of the topological Majorana modes and distinguishes them from trivial modes. Lastly, we propose and demonstrate a novel technique for braiding the Majorana modes which results in the correct statistics but decreases the magnitude of the signal. The present work may be seen as the first reliable observation of Majorana modes on existing quantum hardware. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 8:12AM - 8:24AM |
S64.00002: Exactly solving the Kitaev chain and generating Majorana-zero-modes out of noisy qubits Marko Rancic Majorana-zero-modes (MZMs) were predicted to exist as edge states of a physical system called the Kitaev chain. MZMs should host particles that are their own antiparticles and could be used as a basis for a qubit which is robust-to-noise. However, all attempts to prove their existence gave inconclusive results. Here, the Kitaev chain is exactly solved with a quantum computing methodology and properties of MZMs are probed by generating eigenstates of the Kitev Hamiltonian on 3 noisy qubits of a publicly available quantum computer. After an ontological elaboration I show that two eigenstates of the Kitaev Hamiltonian exhibit eight signatures usually attributed to MZMs. The results presented here are a most comprehensive set of validations of MZMs ever conducted in an actual physical system. Furthermore, due to the fact that the code for this experiment is in the public domain, the findings of this manuscript are easily reproducible for any user of publicly available quantum computers, solving another important problem of research with MZMs - the result reproducibility crisis. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 8:24AM - 8:36AM |
S64.00003: Simulating Adiabatic Braiding of Fractional Hall Anyons on Quantum Computers Ammar Kirmani, Armin Rahmani, Pouyan Ghaemi Intermediate-scale quantum technologies provide new opportunities for scientific discovery, yet they also pose the challenge of identifying suitable problems that can take advantage of such devices despite their present-day limitations. In solid-state materials, fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states support fractionally charged quasi-hole excitations, which have fractional exchange statistics. We will use quantum computers to create FQH quasi-hole excited states with a positive fractional charge. Next, we simulate the adiabatic process of exchanging two anyons and measure the anyonic braiding statistics on NISQ devices. Our results open a new avenue for studying the braiding statistics in fractional Hall models on the existing quantum hardware. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 8:36AM - 9:12AM |
S64.00004: Rydberg-atom quantum computing of NP-complete problems Invited Speaker: Jaewook Ahn Currently there are growing interests in using Rydberg atom graphs for quantum computing of classically intractable problems, for example, the non-deterministic polynomial-time complete (NP-complete) problems. It has been identified some NP-complete problems are easily implementable with intrinsic Hamiltonians of interacting Rydberg atoms, of which atom arrangements define the problems in such a way that their solutions are compilable from the ground states of the Rydberg many-body Hamiltonians [1]. In the presentation, we first review our recent Rydberg-atom experiments performed for one of the NP-complete problems, the Maximum Independent Set (MIS) problem, in which we have investigated the MIS solutions of planar and nonplanar graphs implemented with atoms used as data qubits and quantum wires [2,3], and we report our experimental efforts for Rydberg-atom implementation of 3-SAT problems [4], along with further possibilities to other NP-complete problems such as Set Packing, Graph Coloring, and Clique problems, and Binary Integer Linear Programming. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 9:12AM - 9:24AM |
S64.00005: Low-depth simulations of fermionic systems on realistic quantum hardware Manuel G. Algaba, Fedor Simkovic, Pallasena Viswanathan Sriluckshmy, Martin Leib We introduce a general strategy for mapping fermionic systems to quantum hardware with realistic qubit connectivity which results in low-depth quantum circuits as counted by the number of native two-qubit gates. We achieve this by leveraging novel operator decomposition and circuit compression techniques paired with specifically chosen fermion-to-qubit mappings that allow for a high degree of gate cancellations and parallelism. Our mappings retain the flexibility to simultaneously optimise for qubit counts or qubit operator weights and can be applied to the investigation of arbitrary fermionic lattice geometries. We showcase our approach by investigating the Fermi-Hubbard model as well as more complex multi-orbital models and report unprecedentedly low circuit depths per Trotter layer. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 9:24AM - 9:36AM |
S64.00006: Quantum photonic system modelling on NISQ devices Marina Krstic Marinkovic, Marina Radulaski, Victoria A Norman, Tristan Adams Tavis-Cummings (TC) cavity quantum electrodynamics effects, describing the interaction of N atoms with an optical resonator, are at the core of atomic, optical and solid state physics. The full numerical simulation of TC dynamics scales exponentially with the number of atoms. Here, we test the recently devised Quantum Mapping Algorithm of Resonator Interaction with N Atoms (Q-MARINA), an intuitive mapping of the singly excited open quantum TC model to a quantum circuit with linear space and time scaling, on a variety of quantum hardware from superconducting to those based on trapped ions. Finally, we benchmark the robustness of the algorithm against the quantum master equation solution on a classical computer and make the first attempts to implement quantum error mitigation techniques. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 9:36AM - 9:48AM |
S64.00007: Formation of robust bound states of interacting microwave photons Alexis Morvan, Trond I Andersen, Xiao Mi, Charles J Neill, Andre Petukhov, Kostyantyn Kechedzhi, Dmitry A Abanin, Alexios Michailidis, Igor L Aleiner, Lev B Ioffe, Pedram Roushan Systems of correlated particles appear in many fields of science and represent some of the most intractable puzzles in nature. The computational challenge in these systems arises when interactions become comparable to other energy scales, which makes the state of each particle depend on all other particles. The lack of general solutions for the 3-body problem and acceptable theory for strongly correlated electrons shows that our understanding of correlated systems fades when the particle number or the interaction strength increases. One of the hallmarks of interacting systems is the formation of multi-particle bound states. In a ring of 24 superconducting qubits, we develop a high fidelity parametrizable fSim gate that we use to implement the periodic quantum circuit of the spin-1/2 XXZ model, an archetypal model of interaction. By placing microwave photons in adjacent qubit sites, we study the propagation of these excitations and observe their bound nature for up to 5 photons. We devise a phase sensitive method for constructing the few-body spectrum of the bound states and extract their pseudo-charge by introducing a synthetic flux. By introducing interactions between the ring and additional qubits, we observe an unexpected resilience of the bound states to integrability breaking. This finding goes against the common wisdom that bound states in non-integrable systems are unstable when their energies overlap with the continuum spectrum. Our work provides experimental evidence for bound states of interacting photons and discovers their stability beyond the integrability limit. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 9:48AM - 10:00AM |
S64.00008: Probing locality and entanglement properties across the many-body spectrum using a superconducting processor Amir H Karamlou, Yariv Yanay, Agustin Di Paolo, Cora N Barrett, Ilan T Rosen, Sarah E Muschinske, Leon Ding, Patrick M Harrington, David K Kim, Alexander Melville, Bethany M Niedzielski, Jonilyn L Yoder, Terry P Orlando, Kyle Serniak, Jeffrey A Grover, Simon Gustavsson, William D Oliver The spectrum and dynamics of strongly interacting particles can display properties of localization and entanglement that are challenging to simulate on a classical computer at a sufficiently large scale. In this work, we use a two-dimensional, 4x4 array of superconducting transmon qubits as a quantum emulator to explore locality and entanglement properties across the many-body spectrum of the strongly-interacting hard-core Bose-Hubbard model. We prepare non-thermal, coherent excited states and probe their many-body spectra using simultaneous high-fidelity control and readout. We discuss the potential for observing transitions between localized and delocalized many-body states in this system. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 10:00AM - 10:12AM |
S64.00009: Study of qubit correlation and dimer dynamics Norhan M Eassa, Jeffrey Cohn, Zoe Holmes, Mario Motta, Nicholas T Bronn, Lukasz Cincio, Andrew T Sornborger, Travis S Humble, Arnab Banerjee, Joe Gibbs The study of quantum dimer models is of great significance as dimers are considered as great candidates to model the physics of resonating valence bond (RVB) states in lattice spin systems, as well quantum spin liquids. Inelastic neutron scattering (INS) is a standard technique to probe the 2-spin correlation functions in such magnetic systems. INS can characterize molecular eigenstates on atomic scales, and thus give us more insight into the dynamics of such systems. We have previously worked on studying the dynamics of isolated dimers through computing the magnetic neutron cross-section in IBM's qubit-based hardware. We now present our work on extending these studies to larger systems, whether that be in the form of a longer spin chain or in the form of a product state of dimers. In the case of the product state of dimers, we also study the effect of the proximity of the qubits we choose on the results obtained. Cross-talk between adjacent qubits has been observed when taking measurements and their implications on scaling up to useful system sizes will be discussed. The work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, National Quantum Information Science Research Centers, and Quantum Science Center. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 10:12AM - 10:24AM |
S64.00010: Exploring spin chain dynamics with superconducting transmon qubits Brendan Rhyno, Smitha Vishveshwara, Sona Najafi In this talk, we discuss probing the scrambling of information in many-body systems using superconducting transmon qubit-based IBM quantum hardware. Particular interest will be given to the spread of correlations or "light-cones" in one-dimensional spin chain systems. For concreteness, we start with the simple, but rich, physics afforded by the transverse-field Ising model and discuss the initial state dependence of the light-cone velocity. We then highlight our efforts to realize the disordered XXZ chain and PXP model which can exhibit the phenomena of many-body localization and many-body scarring respectively. We conclude by discussing the progress and future outlook in observing such diverse spin chain dynamics using IBM quantum hardware. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 10:24AM - 10:36AM |
S64.00011: Simulating Infinite Temperature Energy Transport on Cloud-Accessible Quantum Hardware I Chi Chen, Yong-Xin Yao, Peter P Orth, Thomas Iadecola The high-temperature transport of conserved quantities like spin and charge in strongly interacting quantum many-body systems is a topic of substantial recent theoretical investigation. One important open question is to understand the timescales for the emergence of hydrodynamic behavior, as quantified by the dynamical critical exponent z. The transport of energy, however, has been much less well studied, even though it is the most generic conserved quantity in Hamiltonian dynamics and is therefore of fundamental importance in studying such dynamics with local probes. We study the infinite-temperature transport of energy in the mixed-field Ising model using cloud-accessible superconducting quantum processors and classical simulation techniques. Instead of preparing Haar-random states to sample from the infinite-temperature distribution, which requires deep quantum circuits, we compute dynamics for a small ensemble of product states with zero energy expectation value. Using both generic and problem-tailored quantum error mitigation techniques, we obtain results for the dynamical exponent that are consistent with classical simulations. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 10:36AM - 10:48AM |
S64.00012: Entangled quantum cellular automata, physical complexity, and Goldilocks rules Lincoln D Carr, Logan Hillberry, Eliot Kapit, Mina Fasihi, Matthew Jones, Nicole Yunger Halpern, Pedram Roushan, Eric B Jones, Zhang Jiang, Peter Graf, Charles J Neill, Ning Bao, Patrick Rall, Simone Montangero, Simone Notarnicola, Alan Ho, Eric Ostby Cellular automata are interacting classical bits that display diverse emergent behaviors, from fractals to random-number generators to Turing-complete computation. We discover that quantum cellular automata (QCA) can exhibit complexity in the sense of the complexity science that describes biology, sociology, and economics. QCA exhibit complexity when evolving under 'Goldilocks rules' that we define by balancing activity and stasis. Our Goldilocks rules generate robust dynamical features (entangled breathers), network structure and dynamics consistent with complexity, and persistent entropy fluctuations. Present-day experimental platforms—Rydberg arrays, trapped ions, and superconducting qubits—can implement our Goldilocks protocols, making testable the link between complexity science and quantum computation exposed by our QCA. |
Thursday, March 9, 2023 10:48AM - 11:00AM |
S64.00013: Time series anomaly detection using superconducting transmon quantum computers and error mitigation Jack S Baker, Santosh K Radha, Barry C Sanders, Philippe Lamontagne, Haim Horowitz, Stenio Fernandes, Colin Jones, Noorain Noorani, Vladimir Skavysh We present a low circuit depth Quantum Machine Learning algorithm designed to tackle the widely applicable task of detecting anomalous behavior in time series data. The algorithm follows a one-class-classification approach where anomalous behavior is measured by deviation from a model trained using time series data under “normal conditions”. This is achieved by training a distribution of parameterized Hamiltonians to time-devolve quantum-encoded time series data such that the expectation value of a given observable clusters about a given point; a procedure we refer to as Quantum Variational Rewinding (QVR). To demonstrate the readiness of QVR to tackle real problems on present noisy quantum hardware, we use two IBM superconducting transmon chips to detect anomalies in cryptocurrency trading data resulting from the large movements of bitcoin and USD tether on the blockchain. We also demonstrate how performance can be improved using error mitigation techniques including Pauli twirling and dynamical decoupling. |
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