Bulletin of the American Physical Society
2023 APS March Meeting
Volume 68, Number 3
Las Vegas, Nevada (March 5-10)
Virtual (March 20-22); Time Zone: Pacific Time
Session Q06: Genome Organization and Subnuclear Phenomena I: From DNA-Protein Interactions to Higher-Order Structures
3:00 PM–6:00 PM,
Wednesday, March 8, 2023
Room: Room 129
Sponsoring
Unit:
DBIO
Chair: Sucheol Shin, University of Texas at Austin
Abstract: Q06.00001 : Light, CRISPR and DNA repair*
3:00 PM–3:36 PM
Presenter:
Taekjip Ha
(Johns Hopkins University)
Author:
Taekjip Ha
(Johns Hopkins University)
We present multi-target CRISPR, an approach whereby a degenerate gRNA directs Cas9 to simultaneously target a large number of epigenetically diverse genomic locations. This multiplexing of CRISPR is enabled by targeting the highly abundant Alu repetitive elements. Combined with different next-generation
sequencing readouts, multi-target CRISPR offered new insights into Cas9 activity and the ensuing cellular response. First, by interrogating the same protospacer in different genomic contexts, multi-target CRISPR showed that Cas9 binding is more efficient at open chromatin regions, and Cas9 cleavage is enhanced near transcribed regions. We then combined multi-target CRISPR with ATAC-Seq to unveil an increase in chromatin accessibility around Cas9 DSBs, which spreads over a window of ~1 kb centered at the cut site.
We attribute this chromatin opening to nucleosomes being evicted from the damaged region. Notably, the extent of chromatin opening is independent of the chromatin context in which the lesions occurs, suggesting that nucleosome eviction is a robust part of the DNA damage response. By combining multi-target CRISPR with photo-activatable gRNAs, we determined the characteristic time-scales of DSB-induced chromatin relaxation and found that nucleosome removal occurs within ~30 min. Last, we combined multi-target CRISPR with a photo-deactivatable gRNA to measure chromatin dynamics after DSB repair completion. Once repair is completed, chromatin accessibility levels returned to their original pre-
cleavage state within 1 h, revealing a quick repositioning of nucleosomes around the repaired cut site. Based on these measurements, we propose a model in which chromatin undergoes fast and transient opening in response to Cas9 breaks to facilitate recruitment of repair factors. In conclusion, multi-target CRISPR enables high-throughput studies of Cas9 activity and DNA repair in cellulo, revealing new insights on the interplay between Cas9 activity and chromatin.
*National Institutes of Health (R35 GM 122569 and U01 DK 127432)National Science Foundation (PHY 1430124).
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