Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2023
Volume 68, Number 3
Las Vegas, Nevada (March 5-10)
Virtual (March 20-22); Time Zone: Pacific Time
Session PP04: V: Fluids II |
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Sponsoring Units: DFD Chair: Pietro Tierno, Univ de Barcelona Room: Virtual Room 4 |
Tuesday, March 21, 2023 9:00AM - 9:12AM |
PP04.00001: Mechano-Chemical Degradation of Metallic Cylindrical Microwave Resonant Cavity Transducer in High Temperature Molten Salt Gabrielle Carrel, Alexander Heifetz We are investigating transduction of high temperature fluid kinematic property with a metallic cylindrical microwave resonant cavity. The flat wall of the cylinder is flexible enough to undergo microscopic deflection due to dynamic fluid pressure, which leads to a shift in the microwave resonant frequency. We have conducted a preliminary computational investigation of relevant mechano-chemical damage mechanisms, creep and corrosion, of a stainless steel 316 cylindrical resonator immersed in FLiBe (a mixture of lithium fluoride and beryllium fluoride) salt for a temperature range 500oC to 700oC. Creep was investigated computationally with combined Nabarro-Herring and Coble continuum mechanics models, which were implemented using COMSOL Nonlinear Structural Mechanics Module. Intergranular corrosion was modeled in 2D with COMSOL Corrosion Module. These models predict significant inelastic deformation at most temperatures due to creep, and qualitatively predict chromium depletion both along the liquid/solid interface and along the grain boundaries. This work has applications for flow sensing in the vessel of a high temperature fluid advanced reactor (AR), such as a molten salt cooled reactor (MSCR) or a sodium fast reactor (SFR). |
Tuesday, March 21, 2023 9:12AM - 9:24AM |
PP04.00002: Theory of the force of Friction Acting on Water Chains Flowing through Carbon Nanotubes Jeffrey and B Sokoloff A simple model for the friction experienced by the one dimensional water chains that flow through subnanometer diameter carbon nanotubes is studied. The model is based on a lowest order perturbation theory treatment of the friction experienced by the water chains due to the excitation of phonon and electron excitations in both the nanotube and the water chain, as a result of the motion of the chain. The resulting dynamics of the chain due to an applied pressure are determined by a solution of the Fokker-Planck Equation. On the basis of this model, we are able to demonstrate that the observed flow velocities of water chains through carbon nanotubes of the order of several centimeters per second can be accounted for. If the hydrogen bonds between the water molecules are broken (as would occur if there were an electric field oscillating with a frequency equal to the resonant frequency of the hydrogen bonds present), it is shown that the friction experienced by the water flowing in the tube can be much smaller. |
Tuesday, March 21, 2023 9:24AM - 9:36AM |
PP04.00003: Friction induces anisotropic propulsion in sliding magnetic microtriangles Pietro Tierno, Ignacio Pagonabarraga, Joe Tavacoli, Sergi Granados, Gaspard Junot Shape anisotropy is important in many microscale systems, being responsible of complex dynamics, interactions and emerging, non-trivial collective behavior. In this talk, I will show that lithographically shaped magnetic microtriangles undergo a series of complex transport modes when driven by a conical precessing magnetic eld. In one of these modes, we find that localized and fast rotations of the triangle tips induce a global surfing-like drift close to the bottom plane. In this sliding regime we exploit the triangle asymmetric shape to obtain a transversal drift which is later used to transport the microtriangle in any direction along the plane. We explain this friction induced anisotropic sliding with a minimal numerical model capable to reproduce the experimental results without considering the complex effect that the triangular shape has on magnetism and hydrodynamics. The flexibility offered by soft lithographic sculpturing, allow to extend this method to guide anisotropic shape magnetic microcomposites to fabricate many other field responsive structures that operate in fluid media. |
Tuesday, March 21, 2023 9:36AM - 9:48AM |
PP04.00004: A Scaling Law for Diffusion in Charged Fluid Mixtures Matthew E Caplan Pure Yukawa plasmas are well studied for their applications in dusty plasmas, astrophysics, and charged fluids. These systems of point particles with screened Coulomb interactions have only two free parameters, the screening length and coupling parameter. However, realistic mixtures are much more complicated and universal scaling laws for describing the microphysics remains elusive, despite their importance. This talk will report on molecular dynamics simulations of realistic astrophysical mixtures of strongly coupled Yukawa fluids and present results for diffusion coefficients across coupling regimes. We demonstrate that diffusion coefficients for a species of charge Zi in the mixture can be approximated by rescaling the diffusion coefficients for an equivalent one-component plasma with the same charge as the mixture average by (Zi /<Z>)0.6. This empirical law is best understood by recognizing that the global viscosity of the mixture applies equally to all particles within the mixture and thus the species-wise diffusion coefficients should scale with the effective charge radius. While specific mixtures discussed in this work have astrophysical relevance, this law has broad applications in charged fluid physics. |
Tuesday, March 21, 2023 9:48AM - 10:00AM |
PP04.00005: Characterization of wetting in the lateral and normal directions Rafael de la Madrid, Huy Luong, Jacob Zumwalt In the direction parallel (lateral) to a surface, wetting is usually described by the lateral retention force, whereas in the normal direction it is usually described by the work of adhesion (Young-Dupre equation). In this talk, we will present an energy description of wetting in the lateral direction by introducing the advancing, receding, and sliding works of adhesion. We will also compare three different theoretical proposals to describe the normal force of adhesion and their relationship with the Young-Dupre equation. Finally, we will confront the predictions of those theoretical proposals with the results of a recent experiment on the work of adhesion. |
Tuesday, March 21, 2023 10:00AM - 10:12AM |
PP04.00006: How Droplets Move on Surfaces with Directional Chemical Heterogeneities Bat-El Pinchasik, David Feldmann The nature of droplet adhesion to surfaces has long been a subject of scientific discussion. Quantification and prediction of these adhesion forces become even more challenging on surfaces with complex chemistry and wettability. However, comprehending these forces is crucial for deriving design principles for artificial interfaces and for describing liquid motion in nature. Here, it is demonstrated that the adhesion of droplets, both in the static and dynamic regimes, is very sensitive to the direction of chemical heterogeneities. Experiments using bending beams and droplet roll-off are used to quantify the droplet-surface adhesion forces and fluorescent microscopy is used to directly observe the shape of the droplet contact line with the surface. We elucidate the origin of direction-dependent adhesion on surfaces with hydrophilic areas embedded in a hydrophobic background and show it is the result of the fluid-surface contact line geometry on the microscale. In other words, one should look at the shape of the receding part of a droplet contact line and the way it pins to surface heterogeneities. |
Tuesday, March 21, 2023 10:12AM - 10:24AM |
PP04.00007: Flat Physics in the Laboratory: Observations of 2-Dimensional Vortex Interactions in a Flowing 2-D Soap Film David J Horne, Lily Zheng The behavior of vortices and turbulent flow in a 2-D film is a subject of much theoretical and practical study. We present new results from our innovative, reconfigurable laboratory apparatus capable of generating highly stable and resilient soap films many hours in duration. We will demonstrate images of vortex-vortex interactions in 2-D films along with their interactions with obstructions placed in the film using high resolution, high frame rate images and video recorded simultaneously at both visual and 546.1nm wavelengths. We also detail our efforts to create detailed physical computational models of these effects based on analysis of slow motion imagery now possible due to advances in affordable slow motion imaging devices. |
Tuesday, March 21, 2023 10:24AM - 10:36AM |
PP04.00008: Scaling crossover in a viscous regime of capillary replacement between two mutually immiscible liquids in an open channel Hiroki Yasuga, Ko Okumura Capillarity-driven microfluidic devices have been receiving considerable attention in engineering and medical applications [1]. Most of previous capillarity-driven microfluidic devices involve spontaneous flow of a single liquid. In recent years, the spontaneous replacement between two mutually immiscible liquids has begun to be used for microfluidics, and its application is expected to droplet microfluidics [2]. However, the physical understanding of the replacement is still premature for microfluidic implementation. At the last APS March meeting, we reported a quantitative analysis of the dynamics of the capillary replacement of aqueous solution with oil in open channels, which were fabricated by a digital light processing 3D printer. This time, we report that the replacement distance first linearly scales with time, but later scales with the square root of time. By extending a previous theory, we explain that this scaling crossover is of viscous origin. |
Tuesday, March 21, 2023 10:36AM - 10:48AM Author not Attending |
PP04.00009: Past-Progresses, Current-Advances and Future-Applications from Our Revolutionary Characterization of Semiconductor Fluid States and Three Phases of Pure Water Materials Bin B Jie, Cindy Tianhui Jie, Chihtang Sah Our studies of pure water materials began at the September 2013 Annual Fall Meeting of the Chinese Physical Society of the People's Republic of China (PRC) hosted for the first time by the Xiamen University in Xiamen City, Fujian, PRC. The details are described by the poster and oral presentations at the APS Annual March Meetings and April Meetings either in person or virtually, and by 6-20-page journal articles in the Journal of Semiconductors published by Institute of Semiconductors in Beijing, PRC. Major milestones are listed as follows, which were reached by the 3PC (3 People Collaboration) and supported by Linda Chang (Zhang) Sunan Estate. (1) 2013 protonic semiconductor lattice model of pure liquid water, derived from 1933 Bernal-Fowler Ice model at Cambridge,UK which was confirmed by 1935 Pauling's residual entropy calculation and 1928-35 Giauque's low temperature specific heat measurements; (2) Our 2016 protonic transport ABC-step model of pure liquid water, corroborated by non-linear fit of the temperature curves of the proton and prohol mobilities; (3) Our 2019 Self-induced proton and prohol trap models, corroborated by non-linear fit of the temperature curves of three industrial consensus parameters, the ion product (pH) and the two proton and prohol mobilities of pure water. Future applications will be described in this presentation. |
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